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At least 1,333 records · Page 74

Twilight and nighttime ionospheric temperatures from oxygen wavelengths 6300 and 5577 spectral line profiles

Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of atomic oxygen 6300 A and 5577 A line profiles from twilight and nightglow are used to determine the neutral temperatures in F2 and E regions of the earth's ionosphere. The exospheric temperatures T sub n (infinity) determined from the 6300 A profiles are usually somewhat higher than those calculated from Jacchia's model, with differences as large as approximately 300 K noted when T sub n (infinity) = 1500 to 1600 K. The post-sunset and pre-dawn rate of change of T sub n (infinity) is often substantially larger than the Jacchia prediction. The 5577 A (E-region) measured temperatures range from 200 to 220 K on quiet nights to 500 to 600 K during geomagnetic storms.

Feibelman, W. A.↗

Astronomy in the region 1-0.1mm wavelengths

Measurements in five different passbands in the spectral region below 20/cm were made with a liquid helium-cooled radiometer in two flights at approximately 40 km altitude. The equivalent temperatures are given for passbands of 1 to 5.4, 7.8, 7.9, 11.1, and 18.5/cm. The results are consistent with a 2.7 K thermal radiation background. Atmospheric radiation of uncertain magnitude dominates the region above 11/cm.

Weiss, R.↗

Complex permittivity measurements of lunar samples at microwave and millimeter wavelengths

The relative dielectric constant and loss tangent of lunar sample 14163,164 (fine dust) were determined as a function of density at 9.375, 24, 35, and 60 GHz. In addition, such measurements have also been performed on lunar sample 14310,74 (solid rock) at 9.375 GHz. The loss tangent was found to be frequency independent at these test frequencies and had a value of 0.015 for the lunar dust sample.

Bassett, H. L.↗

Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelength

The ways in which radio signals are affected by meteorological parameters are described, as are methods for interpreting the signals, the state-of-the-art in instrumentation, the current state of development of the field, and some problems and prospects for the future. It is shown that the temperature profile of the atmosphere, water vapor and ozone distribution, cloud water content, and certain surface properties can be measured with sufficient accuracy to provide useful meteorological information.

Staelin, D. H.↗

A focusing collector for long wavelength X-ray astronomy.

Rocket studies of the low-energy X-ray sky conducted so far suffer from serious experimental problems. Therefore, an apparatus was design ed to overcome the outstanding experimental problems. The instrument developed was successfully flown in an Aerobee-170 rocket. The new device utilizes a grazing incidence paraboloid as an energy concentrator and low-pass filter. The effective bandpass of the instrument from 100 to 280 eV is determined by the combination of the counter window transmission and the mirror reflectivity.

Yentis, D. J.↗