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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,333 records · Page 74
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

NRAP-Open-IAM: Open-Source Integrated Assessment Model

NRAP Open IAM is the latest evolution in a series of quantitative models developed under the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) to address risk assessment, risk management and containment assurance questions of geological carbon storage (GCS). NRAP Open IAM allows a user to define a site specific GCS scenario, characterize important site features, events, and processes (considering uncertainty), couple together reduced order models of various system components to rapidly forecast response to CO 2 injection, and perform stochastic analysis to quantify containment effectiveness, leakage risk, and impact to receptors of concern.

Vasylkivska, Veronika S.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Apparatus and method for high dynamic range counting by pixelated detectors

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and methods for generating a hybrid image by high-dynamic-range counting. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a processing circuitry configured to acquire an image from a pixelated detector, obtain a sparsity map of the acquired image, the sparsity map indicating low-flux regions of the acquired image and high-flux regions of the acquired image, generate a low-flux image and a high-flux image based on the sparsity map, perform event analysis of the acquired image based on the low-flux image and the high-flux image, the event analysis including detecting, within the low-flux image, incident events by an event counting mode, multiply, by a normalization constant, resulting intensities of the high-flux image and the detected incident events of the low-flux image, and generate the hybrid image by merging the low-flux image and the high-flux image.

Bammes, Benjamin↗
DOE OSTI2022

Securing against malicious control of circuit breakers in electrical substations

An example method for detecting and mitigating attacks on electric power substations comprises detecting a command to open or close a circuit breaker in the electric power substation. A modified extended substation model for the electric power substation is generated, based on the detected command and based on measurements in substation, where the modified extended substation model is a power flow model for the substation and for one or more directly connected neighboring substations. A power flow analysis is performed, using the modified extended substation model, to generate a predicted voltage for each of a plurality of nodes in the substation and in the one or more directly connected neighboring substations. Each predicted voltage is compared to a corresponding allowable voltage range, and execution of the command is blocked in response to determining that one or more of the voltages is outside the corresponding allowable voltage range.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantifying the Impact of Transportation on Climate - Energy Analytics Dashboard: Preprint

The investment decisions within the nation's transportation sector have traditionally been prioritized and measured against safety and travel efficiency goals. Increasingly, federal, state, and local policies are requiring consideration of energy use and emissions in the design of our transportation infrastructure. Yet the processes, analytics, and knowledge to include these new metrics into transportation decisions are lacking. Although targeted studies and before and after analysis are performed from time to time, no comprehensive real-time monitoring systems provide energy and emissions to the same level as congestion and safety. To address this gap, this paper developed and demonstrated the Transportation Energy Analytics Dashboard, or TEAD, to raise awareness of the energy and emission impacts to the same level of observability as that of safety and mobility concerns.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

DOE Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program Overview

AGR-3/4 post-irradiation examination and data analysis AGR-5/6/7 PIE and safety testing Supplemental fuel microanalysis and method development Fuel oxidation testing Air/moisture Ingress Experiment (AMIX) system development (deployed in FY23) Single particle testing in FITT Data management and analysis Fuel performance modeling

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Porous membrane enabled mass spectrometry characterization of microfluidic devices

A system for sampling a liquid includes a sample fluid conduit including a membrane having pores. The membrane prevents the passage of the sample liquid through the pores at a first pressure of the sample liquid in the sample fluid conduit. A surface sampling capture probe has a distal end. The capture probe includes a solvent supply conduit and a solvent exhaust conduit. A solvent composition flowing at the distal end of the capture probe establishes a liquid junction with the membrane and establishes a second pressure within the liquid junction at the membrane. The second pressure is lower than the first pressure. Sample liquid will be drawn through the pores of the membrane by the second pressure at the liquid junction. A method for sampling a liquid and for performing chemical analysis on a liquid are also disclosed.

Cahill, John F.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Generating a debris model for a structure

A computer generates a computer model based on the output data of a finite element analysis (FEA) performed on a structure that has experienced a break up event. The output data is processed to generate a debris model. The debris model comprises data defining the structure, as well as any fragments or pieces of debris caused by forces exerted on the structure during the break up event. The debris model can then be utilized as input data to generate other computer models.

Laverty, Richard Rion↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Results from Nanoindentation of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn Films on Nb

The mechanical vulnerability of the Nb3Sn-coated cavities is identified as one of the significant technical hurdles toward deploying them in practical accelerator applications in the not-so-distant future. It is crucial to characterize the material's mechanical properties in ways to address such vulnerability. Nanoindentation is a widely used technique for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films that involves indenting the film with a small diamond tip and measuring the force-displacement response to calculate the film's elastic modulus, hardness, and other mechanical properties. For the first time, the nanoindentation analysis was performed on multiple vapor-diffused Nb3Sn samples coated at Jefferson Lab and Fermilab Nb3Sn coating facilities. This contribution will discuss the first results obtained from the nanoindentation of Nb3Sn-coated Nb samples prepared via the Sn vapor diffusion technique.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Results From Nanoindentation of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn Films on Nb

The mechanical vulnerability of the Nb3Sn-coated cavities is identified as one of the significant technical hurdles toward deploying them in practical accelerator applications in the not-so-distant future. It is crucial to characterize the material's mechanical properties in ways to address such vulnerability. Nanoindentation is a widely used technique for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films that involves indenting the film with a small diamond tip and measuring the force-displacement response to calculate the film's elastic modulus, hardness, and other mechanical properties. The nanoindentation analysis was performed on multiple vapor-diffused Nb3Sn samples coated at Jefferson Lab and Fermilab coating facilities for the first time. This contribution will discuss the first results obtained from the nanoindentation of Nb3Sn-coated Nb samples prepared via the Sn vapor diffusion technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impact of Anatomical Fractionation of Corn Stover on Hammer Mill Throughput and Energy Consumption

The goal of this Case Study was to quantify the impacts of variable moisture and ash on hammer mill throughput and energy consumption and on loss of very wet stover that causes failures in the first stage grinder and that are not able to be fed to conversion, as compared to a status quo Base Case system. Also considered was convertible carbohydrate content (minimum total carbohydrate specification), maximum ash content and the delivered feedstock cost impacts of not being able to feed stover that did not meet the total carbohydrate specification to the conversion reactor. Laboratory data on the impacts of moisture content and tissue fraction on throughput and energy consumption in a stage 2 hammer mill were received from FCIC Subtask 5.1: Preprocessing, Corn Stover Preprocessing (Neal Yancey and Sergio Hernandez, INL). Additional air classifier throughput, energy consumption and separation efficiency data were obtained from FCIC Subtask 5.1 (Neal Yancey, INL) for the new air classifier, which has three exit streams (lights, middle and heavies). These data were utilized to develop the necessary response surface equations to perform throughput analysis using discrete event simulation. Because the ash contents and particle sizes had not been analyzed in the laboratory at the time of the model runs, we assumed that the ash distributed proportionally with total mass into the lights and heavies in an air classifier having two exit streams (lights and heavies) and that the lights fraction from the air classifier was not removed.

ash content↗
DOE OSTI2023

Particle Scale Impacts on Deconstruction Energy of Pine Residues

The goal of this Case Study was to quantify the impacts of variable moisture and ash on hammer mill throughput and energy consumption and on generation of fines that are not able to be fed to conversion, as compared to a status quo Base Case system. Also considered was convertible carbon content (minimum carbon specification) and maximum ash content and the delivered feedstock cost impacts of not being able to feed residue not meeting both specifications to the conversion reactor. Laboratory data on the impacts of input particle size and moisture content on the exit particle size were received from FCIC Subtask 5.2: Preprocessing, High Temperature Conversion Preprocessing from their single particle impact population balance modeling study (Tiasha Bhattacharjee, INL). Additional throughput and energy consumption data were obtained from FCIC Subtask 5.2 (Jordan Klinger, INL) for the same grinder with a 6 mm screen in place. These data were utilized to develop the necessary response surface equations to perform throughput analysis using discrete event simulation. Because the ash contents in the separated fines had not been analyzed in the laboratory at the time of the model runs, we chose to assume that the ash distributed proportionally with total mass into the overs and unders in the disk screen following grinding.

energy consumption↗
DOE OSTI2023

Air Classification of Forest Residue for Tissue and Ash Separation Efficiency

The goal of this Case Study was to evaluate the performance of air classification of logging residues toward meeting conversion CMAs for carbon and ash contents, as compared to the static status quo Base Case system in which the residues are first dried and then ground in a hammer mill with a 6 mm screen and fines less than 1.18 mm are removed. Also considered were moisture and ash impacts on throughput and Overall Operating Effectiveness (OOE), as well as delivered feedstock cost and minimum fuel selling price (MFSP). Laboratory data on the impacts of fan speed and moisture content on the separation efficiency of soil ash, needles and bark from white wood were received from FCIC Subtask 5.2: Preprocessing, High Temperature Conversion Preprocessing (Jordan Klinger and Tiasha Bhattacharjee, INL). Average throughput and energy consumption data were obtained from the Bioenergy Feedstock National User Facility (BFNUF) (Neal Yancey, INL) for the same air classifier. These data were utilized to develop the necessary response surface equations to perform throughput analysis using discrete event simulation. Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium. Because the Base Case status quo system utilizes drying prior to grinding, we modeled the Case Study with drying prior to air classification and subsequent grinding of the separated white wood to isolate the individual quality and cost impacts of air classification relative to the Base Case system.

CMA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Temporal Analysis and Scene Change Detection in Multispectral Overhead Imagery

Scene change detection can be a tedious and time consuming process especially when concerning large geographical areas, and the process can be even more cumbersome when analyzing changes in an area over large spans of time. Developing a useful way to help analysts recognize at what points in time significant changes to a scene have occurred can allow them to better focus their efforts in characterizing events. Applications include: Facility monitoring, Construction chronology, Monitoring of vehicle/aircraft activity, Characterization of larger sequences of events. In large areas exceeding hundreds to thousands of square kilometers in size, it can be difficult localizing when scene changes have occurred. Analysts can spend hours going through imagery to try to identify new construction, monitor facility activities, monitor vehicle movement, etc. where the object of interest may only be a few square meters. Our goal is to help cut down this time by giving analysts change maps with hot spots of change, allowing them to focus on regions that have experienced actual change in time frames they're interested in. Additionally, by combining these change maps into layers within a data cube, analysts can examine the change maps from a temporal perspective, allowing events to be characterized over spans of time. By opening the data cube in an imaging software capable of separating the layers, we can analyze the change maps sequentially, allowing us to examine scene changes occurring over time. As an example, we examined overhead imagery from Planet Labs of what appears to be a parking lot on Fort Irwin over the course of a year using ENVI, a geospatial satellite imagery analysis software. Using ENVI, we generate a graph of changes over time, and notice a particular segment near the end of our analysis window where no changes are detected. Examination of the actual satellite imagery reveals that during this time span, the parking lot was empty. This could be due to facility shutdown for maintenance or upgrades, or possibly even total workforce/vehicle fleet movement. Information like this could help analysts better characterize events, as well as to help create clearer timelines in larger sequences of events. Workflow steps: - Collect multiple maps of the same AOI (Area of Interest) during a time span of interest; - Generate change maps from AOI maps; - Generate data cube from change maps. An analyst can use the data cube to help inspect an AOI for activities within a time span of interest. If an event of interest is discovered, the analyst can then refer to the maps corresponding to the appropriate dates and times in the data cube to see precisely what is transpiring. The biggest objective being worked on is improving the change detection methodology employed. We currently use PCA-EM (Principal Component Analysis with Expectation Maximization), but we are currently focusing on implementing IR-MAD (Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection) to be used in conjunction with PCA-EM in an effort to decrease false positivity and noise in the change maps we generate.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Drop Analysis of Department of Energy Standard Canister with Fort Saint Vrain SNF

DOE manages over 300 types of SNF, most of which are located at the INL site. The Idaho Cleanup Project and INL are collaborating on the Road-Ready Capability Demonstration Project, which will develop and demonstrate the designs, technology, processes, and regulatory framework for packaging DOE-managed SNF at the INL site for ?road-ready dry storage?. ?Road-ready dry storage? is a SNF management concept where SNF is packaged into dry and sealed canisters, which are then placed in on-site storage in anticipation of later transportation. The forward-looking goal of the Demonstration is establishing the foundation for a large-scale road-ready dry storage program at the INL site. The Demonstration will first package Fort Saint Vrain SNF currently stored at INL into several DOE Standard Canisters. These Standard Canisters will then be loaded into another commercial transportation or storage containment system (e.g., storage cask or transportation package). The Standard Canister is a class of standardized canisters designed for containing the large variety of DOE-managed SNF during interim storage, transportation and/or disposal at a geological repository. One critical aspect of road-ready dry storage is the ability to license the DOE Standard Canisters and its associated transportation package to 10 CFR 71. Depending on the SNF and transportation strategy, the Standard Canisters may have to maintain structural integrity under normal conditions of transport and hypothetical accident scenarios (i.e., drop events). The Standard Canisters have been tested and analyzed under various SNF loading configurations and accident drop events in support of the Idaho Spent Fuel Facility and other DOE programs. However, no analysis has been completed to support the recent Demonstration. This analysis will consider the Ø0.5 m × 5.1 m Standard Canister under drop scenario(s) considered in previous INL tests and analyses, including the 9 m drop at 80 degree off vertical. However, this analysis will consider the more recent Fort Saint Vrain loading configurations proposed for the Demonstration. This analysis will performed using strain-based acceptance criteria established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 3. It will be compared to previous analyses and form the foundation of further formal calculations that will be used to support licensing efforts of the road-ready dry storage system at INL.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Calibration of a mesoscale tritium transport model for ceramic breeder materials in TMAP8 using experimental data

Due to the scarcity of the long-term external tritium supply, lithium-containing breeder materials are used in the blanket of fusion reactors to produce tritium faster than the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction consumes it. A cellular breeder is a promising material with higher lithium density and thermal conductivity than conventional ceramic pebbles and enhanced tritium extraction with interconnected pores. Although several experimental and modeling efforts have improved our understanding of tritium transport, the exact mechanisms governing tritium release from breeder materials are still unknown. As a result, current models cannot reliably assess the tritium breeding capabilities of cellular breeder materials. This work presents a tritium transport multiphysics model and calibrates it using experimental data of deuterium absorption and desorption from cellular breeder materials at different temperatures and pressures. This model accounts for ceramic and pore diffusion, trapping and detrapping, and several surface reactions at the pore surface. After calibrating the model and performing sensitivity analysis, we discuss pre-dominant mechanisms governing tritium release from cellular breeder materials. The model is part of the Tritium Migration Analysis Program [TMAP8], a multiscale, multiphysics framework for tritium transport based on the finite element multiphysics framework MOOSE. This study demonstrates some of TMAP8’s capabilities and provides insight into the mechanisms governing tritium transport in cellular ceramic breeder materials.

08 HYDROGEN↗