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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,333 records · Page 74
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Prototype Integrated Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Data Center (Cooperative Research and Development Final Report)

Data centers are the backbone of the modern economy-from the server rooms that power small- to medium-sized organizations, to the enterprise-class data centers that support American corporations, and the server farms that run cloud computing services. Rather than a traditional grid-centric data center approach, work under the CRADA will be directed towards implementing a proof-of-concept "hydrogen-based" data center utilizing hydrogen fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solar photovoltaics as key building blocks. This integrated proof-of-concept builds on preliminary work done by HPE and its partners Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc. (MBRDNA) and Power Innovations, to dramatically simplify the electrical infrastructure in the data center, leverage the latest automotive-scale hydrogen fuel cell technologies, and tightly couple renewably generated DC power directly to the Information Technology (IT). While some limited aspects of this concept have been demonstrated previously the entire integrated proof of concept proposed here has not yet been realized.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework and Cyber Range Integration

Distributed energy resource (DER) systems feature complex, data-driven communications networks that require careful system coordination and constant vigilance to ensure that grid assets are secure. Because DERs are an important component of the decarbonization strategy, agencies need to secure energy data that could implicate issues of national security if compromised. To help federal energy managers assess, monitor, and manage cybersecurity while achieving decarbonization, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) offers a comprehensive, web-based assessment tool focusing on cyber governance or policies, technical management, and physical security. The DER-CF currently presents users with a series of pertinent cybersecurity questions that are used to generate a site-specific report and recommendations. This paper outlines a plan to integrate the DER-CF with another key asset-NREL's cyber range-to visualize cybersecurity resilience and compliance and to enhance the usability and accessibility of the DER-CF for federal facility energy managers and planners. This integration will result in a visualization environment to interpret and interact with compliance data. Its development will include regular conversations with stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of these efforts, refine the visualization capability, and ensure its value to our partners.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hydrogen Energy Storage Integrated with a Combined Cycle Plant

A project is being developed that will build upon the existing infrastructure and resources at the Intermountain Power Project (IPP) site to provide reliable, dispatchable energy and to support the transmission of renewable energy resources while transitioning to an economical green energy future. The concept study depicted in this report outlines a techno-economic optimization to fulfill the demand for 30% vol hydrogen co-firing in the IPP 840 MW advanced class combined cycle power plant. In an initial step, a site assessment concluded the site has sufficient land available to co-locate a hydrogen production and storage facility. The team evaluated and defined a scalable concept that considered technology characteristics, including input and output models to be used for optimization purposes. The concept for the hydrogen production and storage system integrates multiple technologies, to determine system size and scalable approach, for each of the technologies evaluated, the team defined component and subcomponent sizes, minimum and maximum capacity, modularity, component utility consumption (electric, water), component flexibility and servicing, layout, and technology status, as well as technology alternatives. For hydrogen generation, the project considers Siemens Energy’s Silyzer-300 (S300) technology, a 17.5 MW modular Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. For the S300 configuration, the team determined that three S300 arrays, or approximately 1,000 kg/hr, per block would yield a compact block design. This configuration results in a fairly wide and flexible arrangement that fits well into the spaces available at the site. Therefore, the overall design approach is based on multiple identical blocks of 3 arrays to minimize engineering cost and optimize constructability. In parallel, a transmission screening study was conducted to determine any potential transmission constraints from the energy sources that could feed the hydrogen production equipment. The study results show that minimum transmission constraints would be encountered to deliver 400 MW renewable generation from southern California, or south-central Wyoming. At last, the techno-economic analysis concluded that a scenario that uses solar and wind power yields the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH 2 ) production and the lowest cost per tonne of CO 2 reduced. In this optimized scenario, the hydrogen production plant was determined as 6,201 kg/hr and the hydrogen storage (underground cavern) was determined as 4,600 tonnes. The resulting capacity factor for the hydrogen production plant was 66.33% with 8,745 operating hours in one year. This techno-economic analysis provided various options for integrating hydrogen storage at the Intermountain Power Plant site to co-fire the CCPP units. The results provide insightful data about the magnitude of capacity needed and the economics of producing hydrogen and reducing CO 2 emissions.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated Nanotechnologies

Nanomaterials offer exceptional properties for photonic, electronic, quantum, magnetic, structural, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, and biological functionality. However, real access to enhanced functionality remains limited without connecting the nanoscale across the mesoscale to macroscale assemblies and the ability to define and control nanomaterials organization, interactions, and interfaces. Integration is essential for accessing and controlling functionality to harness nanomaterials properties while also generating new behaviors and properties. Integration thus provides a route to discovering, generating, and using intrinsic and emergent nanomaterials properties, which define the two focus areas of this leadership theme.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

LDRD-DR: Accelerating Nuclear Fuel Qualification through Integrated Multiscale and Multiphysics Models [Slides]

Nuclear fuel qualification implies ensuring that a new fuel can safely operate in a reactor under both normal and accident conditions. Historically, extensive irradiation campaigns probe fuel performance relationships and interconnections in an integral sense, which is very time-consuming and costly. The presentation focus is on introducing advanced modeling and simulation into the qualification process in order to reduce the qualification timeline by targeting fewer integral tests

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Integrated Reticular Sorbent-Coated System to Capture CO 2 from the Atmosphere (AIR2CO2)

GE Research Center (GRC) and the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) executed an 15-month, $1.0 MM program to develop a lab-scale material system to extract CO 2 from ambient air using UCB’s pioneering sorbent technology and GRC’s composite coating expertise. The primary objective of this project was to develop an “Advanced Integrated Reticular Sorbent-Coated System to Capture CO 2 from the Atmosphere (AIR2CO2)” at a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3. The AIR2CO2 concept relies on two key innovations: 1) advanced sorbent architectures with high capacity and rapid sorption kinetics that enable effective CO 2 capture at low concentrations, and 2) tailored MOF-binder slurry formulations and coating processes that enable sorbent integration into a novel additively-manufactured contactor.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Solar Receiver with Integrated Thermal Storage for a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle

This project endeavors to design and demonstrate an integrated CSP system that meets the Department of Energy’s 6¢/kW-hr LCOE goal. This design is based on the 10 MW e Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP) engine specifications, but adaptable to any sCO 2 power module up to 10 MW e . The enabling technology to be tested is a new class of metal hydride based thermal energy storage materials which can store thermal energy in the hydrogen bonds between the metal hydride and hydrogen. This thermochemical energy storage solution provides a much greater energy density than sensible and latent energy storage enabling an integrated system design that closely linked the metal hydride to the power block. This allows the entire system to be mounted up tower to provide cost reductions.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated Monitoring of Macroalgae Farms Using Acoustics and UUV Sensing

The vision of this project was to develop an integrated system for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) monitoring of offshore kelp farms using acoustic, environmental, and optical sensors. This project supports the overall MARINER goals of developing an offshore kelp aquaculture industry to produce low-carbon or carbon-neutral biofuels. The project commenced in the spring of 2018 and used laboratory experiments to test the efficacy of acoustic sensors for monitoring kelp farm lines and growing kelp biomass. Sensors were then integrated onto two AUVs as well as an autonomous surface vehicle in order to establish the optimal type, price point, and vehicle to most efficiently monitor kelp farm structures, kelp biomass, and the surrounding environment. Multiple field deployments of these vehicles and sensors in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine confirmed that farm lines and kelp could be visualized and that monitoring the spatial patterns of environmental variables was possible. The COVID-19 pandemic severely limited fieldwork activities and laboratory testing, with deployments around kelp farms not occurring again until January 2021. Time spent away from the field focused on data visualization and the development of a low-cost, vessel-based sensor system. Unfortunately, the low-cost system experienced a disk failure during its first deployment and due to multiple resignations from the project team further engineering and development was not possible. Additionally, final results from acoustic sensor testing in 2021 were also not able to be completed due to the resignation of the postdoc leading the analysis. Despite these setbacks, multiple avenues for further development of optical imagery processing from the 360-degree Kelpcam camera and testing of the low-cost sensor system may be possible.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated Hydrogen Energy Storage System (IHESS) for Power Generation (Final Report)

GTI Energy partnered with Praxair Inc., a subsidiary of Linde PLC (Praxair), the Center for Electromechanics at the University of Texas at Austin (CEM), Entergy Corporation (Entergy), Quanta Services (Quanta) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) to perform a feasibility study that determines the economic and technical feasibility of low-carbon hydrogen energy storage integrated with a site-specific fossil fuel asset to decarbonize electricity production using the Integrated Hydrogen Energy Storage System (IHESS). The proposed IHESS concept is novel, as it sought to leverage the existing natural gas infrastructure, hydrogen production and pipelines, existing underground hydrogen storage system and power plants in the Gulf Coast region to reduce carbon emissions and generate lowcarbon electricity. This study has shown that IHESS has a promising commercial outlook as the concept leverages existing natural gas infrastructure assets and hydrogen production and storage that are unique to the Texas gulf coast region. A key hurdle with hydrogen supply and transportation has been capital investment. By storing hydrogen in underground storage and delivering it as a fuel source during peak demand using the existing infrastructure minimizes the capital investment. Regional petrochemical producers who are actively seeking opportunities to reduce costs and lower emissions should find the IHESS concept very appealing.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Summary of Validation Studies for the Integrated TIGER Series Performed on ACORN Plus-up 218468/99

The Integrated TIGER Series (ITS) transport code is a valuable tool for photon-electron transport. A seven-problem validation suite exists to make sure that the ITS transport code works as intended. It is important to ensure that data from benchmark problems is correctly compared to simulated data. Additionally, the validation suite did not previously make use of a consistent quantitative metric for comparing experimental and simulated datasets. To this end, the goal of this long-term project was to expand the validation suite both in problem type and in the quality of the error assessment. To accomplish that, the seven validation problems in the suite were examined for potential drawbacks. When a drawback was identified, the problems were ranked based on severity of the drawback and approachability of a solution. We determined that meaningful improvements could be made to the validation suite by improving the analysis for the Lockwood Albedo problem and by introducing the Ross dataset as an eighth problem to the suite. The Lockwood error analysis has been completed and will be integrated in the future. The Ross data is unfinished, but significant progress has been made towards analysis.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Off-Road Vehicle Decarbonization and Energy Systems Integration: R&D Gaps and Opportunities

This report summarizes findings from the Off-Road Decarbonization and Energy Systems Integration workshop, hosted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) from March 22-24, 2022. The workshop focused on the importance of collaboration among the off-road vehicle industry and government to address barriers and opportunities for decarbonization. The workshop aligns with priorities of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office to decarbonize transportation in the agriculture, mining, construction, and military industries. This decarbonization effort is also intended to support original equipment manufacturers, industry associations, technology developers, utilities, and consultants. The sections within this report correspond to the three topic areas covered in the 3-day workshop: a high-level perspective of needs and challenges, vehicle and equipment decarbonization strategies, and energy systems integration opportunities.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Open-source release of CGMF 1.1 and Integration into the MCNP6.3 ® Code [Slides]

As a result of a multi-year NA-22 project, CGMF was integrated into MCNP6.2 and publicly released. CGMF was open-sourced and publicly released and MCNP6.3 was updated to include the latest version and is in the process of being publicly released. Current and future plans include global optimization and uncertainty quantification within CGMF, model parameter fitting such that CGMF may be used in ENDF/B evaluations, and improving both standalone and MCNP-integrated CGM (non-fission) simulations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mo-100 Disk Structural Integrity Tests II

This report is a continuation of the work performed in the report, Mo-100 Disk Structural Integrity Tests I [1]. The NorthStar pressed and sintered 29 mm diameter, 0.5 mm thick Mo-100 disks will be subjected to large temperature gradients when in-beam during production. These large temperature gradients cause high stress and deformation within the disks that could prove detrimental to the target assembly’s cooling performance. Disk fracture is also a possibility that must be understood. Therefore, disk structural integrity tests were performed to understand the thermal induced behavior of these disks. In order to replicate the in-beam conditions, the Mo-100 disks were subjected to large temperature gradients using a 30kW induction heater and coil. A series of transient tests were conducted in a similar fashion as the previous work, as well as an attempt to create steady state conditions for more accurate temperature gradients. The transient thermal test setup and results are described in this report.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO 2 to Methanol (ICCCM) Process Technology - CRADA 449 (Final Report)

The goal of this project is to develop a prototype system that integrates the capture and catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 into methanol in the same solvent. Ultimately, this integrated approach could provide a technology with projected reductions to capital and operating costs by at least 20% relative to a benchmark methanol synthesis via gas-phase CO 2 hydrogenation. There were five primary objectives for the project: 1. Optimize the selections of both the catalysts and the CO 2 capture solvents to achieve high conversion (>80%) and high selectivity (>90%) toward methanol in the targeted processing ranges (100-180°C, 1-60 bar). 2. Design a reactor system that provides a fixed catalyst surface area and high-efficiency heat exchange to assure compact modular processing. 3. Build and test a reactor system and demonstrate in a bench scale continuous flow system, and use the operating data to refine the comparison to existing conversion technologies. 4. Refine techno economic (TEA) and Tech-to-Market (TTM) analyses using the experimental data obtained from the bench-scale system. 5. Use the experimental data and TEA/TTM projections to develop a conceptual design for a pre-commercial system that targets a specific market opportunity.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Heterogeneous Integration Enabled by 3D Freestanding Membranes—From Material Growths to Applications

For the future of electronics such as bioelectronics, 3D integrated electronics, and bendable electronics, the need for flexibility and stackability of electronic products has substantially grown up. However, conventional wafer-based single-crystalline semiconductors cannot catch up with such trends because they are bound to thick rigid wafers such that they are neither flexible nor stackable. Although polymer-based organic electronic materials are more compatible as they are mechanically compliant and less costly than inorganic counterparts, their electronic/photonic performance is substantially inferior to that of single-crystalline inorganic materials. Such performance-mechanical compliance dilemma could be resolved by developing methods to obtain cheap, flexible, stackable, single-crystalline inorganic systems. Such dream electronic systems could be realized by producing single-crystalline freestanding membranes. For the past few decades, various layer transfer techniques (a.k.a layer liftoff techniques) have been developed to produce single-crystalline freestanding membranes. In today's talk, I will present the survey of the layer liftoff techniques and go over how these strategies unlock new ways of manufacturing advanced electronic systems. In addition, I will introduce unprecedented artificial heterostructure devices enabled by stacking of those freestanding 3D material membranes, e.g., the world's smallest vertically-stacked full-color micro-LEDs, the world's best multiferroic devices, chip-less wireless e-skin, and reconfigurable hetero-integrated chips with AI accelerators.

Kim, Jeehwan↗
DOE OSTI2022

An Integrated Framework for Risk Assessment of High Safety Significant Safety-related Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems in Nuclear Power Plants: Methodology and Demonstration

This report documents the activities performed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) during Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, Risk Informed Systems Analysis (RISA) Pathway, digital instrumentation and control (DI&C) risk assessment project. In FY 2019, the RISA Pathway initiated a project to develop a risk assessment strategy for delivering a technical basis to support effective and secure DI&C technologies for digital upgrades/designs. A framework was proposed for this strategy, which aims to (1) provide a best-estimate, risk-informed capability to quantitatively and accurately estimate the risk impact of plant modernization, considering the introduction of high safety-significant safety-related (HSSSR) DI&C systems, (2) support and supplement existing risk-informed DI&C design guides by providing quantitative risk information and evidence, (3) offer a capability of design architecture evaluation of various DI&C systems, (4) assure the long-term safety and reliability of HSSSR DI&C systems, and (5) reduce uncertainty in costs and support integration of DI&C systems in the plant. To achieve these technical goals, the framework provides a means to address relevant technical issues by: (1) defining a risk-informed analysis process for DI&C upgrade, that integrates hazard analysis, reliability analysis, and consequence analysis, (2) applying risk-informed tools to address common cause failures (CCFs) and quantify corresponding failure probabilities for DI&C technologies, particularly software CCFs, (3) evaluating the impact of digital failures at the component level, system level, and plant level, and (4) providing insights and suggestions on designs to manage the risks, thus to support the development and deployment of advanced DI&C technologies on nuclear power plant (NPPs).

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pumped-Storage Hydropower using Abandoned Underground Mines (PSH-AUM) as an Innovative Energy Storage Technology for Fossil-Integrated Systems

Pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) provides around 95% of all utility-scale energy storage in the U.S. and globally. Additional deployment of PSH is hampered by excessively long permitting and commissioning requirements and is constrained to locations for which natural topography provides suitable elevation relief between the upper and lower reservoirs (the ΔH challenge). The purpose of this research was to evaluate Pumped-Storage Hydropower using Abandoned Underground Mines (PSH-AUM) as a means to solve the ΔH challenge and initiate the commercialization pathway for a promising new energy storage technology. Four primary tasks were conducted: Screening and ranking of candidate sites for project development; multiphase reservoir modeling to evaluate mine performance; techno-economic analysis and preliminary designs for PSH-AUM systems integrated with fossil-fuel power units; and stakeholder engagement to identify pathways to commercialization of this new technology. Key results were achieved in each of the four primary tasks. Candidate site screening determined that nearly 10,000 underground mines were spatially locatable, of which more than 100 sites appear suitable for integration with existing fossil power plants that are expected to remain in longer-term operation. Mine reservoir models were developed using PNNL’s STOMP simulator and parameterized using candidate site data to evaluate interactions with the surrounding groundwater system and confirm the potential for some mines to accommodate inflows and outflows on the order of 100 m3/s over 8-hour durations (1.6 GWh system) without excessive aqueous pressures. Techno-economic analysis resulted in a project cost optimization scheme to identify key sensitivities and the development of preliminary designs that can minimize overall costs of deployment. Finally, stakeholder engagement with industry, state government, and local economic development leaders confirmed the viability of PSH-AUM as a promising new technology. Our Phase I project results suggest that PSH-AUM technology has a domestic market potential on the order of $100+ Billion with ample space for technology development to commercialization within the next decade.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Heterogeneous Integration Enabled by 3D Freestanding Membranes—From Material Growths to Applications

For the future of electronics such as bioelectronics, 3D integrated electronics, and bendable electronics, the need for flexibility and stackability of electronic products has substantially grown up. However, conventional wafer-based single-crystalline semiconductors cannot catch up with such trends because they are bound to thick rigid wafers such that they are neither flexible nor stackable. Although polymer-based organic electronic materials are more compatible as they are mechanically compliant and less costly than inorganic counterparts, their electronic/photonic performance is substantially inferior to that of single-crystalline inorganic materials. Such performance-mechanical compliance dilemma could be resolved by developing methods to obtain cheap, flexible, stackable, single-crystalline inorganic systems. Such dream electronic systems could be realized by producing single-crystalline freestanding membranes. For the past few decades, various layer transfer techniques (a.k.a layer liftoff techniques) have been developed to produce single-crystalline freestanding membranes. In today's talk, I will present the survey of the layer liftoff techniques and go over how these strategies unlock new ways of manufacturing advanced electronic systems. In addition, I will introduce unprecedented artificial heterostructure devices enabled by stacking of those freestanding 3D material membranes, e.g., the world's smallest vertically-stacked full-color micro-LEDs, the world's best multiferroic devices, chip-less wireless e-skin, and reconfigurable hetero-integrated chips with AI accelerators.

Kim, Jeehwan↗