Global Progress Toward Renewable Electricity: Tracking the Role of Solar
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14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Global Progress Toward Renewable Electricity: Tracking the Role of Solar (Version 2)
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Global Progress Toward Renewable Electricity: Tracking the Role of Solar (Version 3)
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Global Progress Toward Renewable Electricity: Tracking the Role of Solar (Version 4)
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Allocation and Operation of A Hydropneumatic Energy Storage with Building Microgrid
Behind-meter application for a recently invented hydropneumatic Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) is focused in this research. Considering possible uncertainties from solar radiation and electricity load in a building microgrid, two-stage stochastic programming is adopted for 15-min operation and a mixed-integer nonlinear stochastic model is built with integrated energy systems of GLIDES, solar panel and power generating unit. In order to make the model computationally tractable, we use sample average approximate method to decrease associated complexity with sample size and improve solving efficiency. The experimental results in deterministic and stochastic operation indicate that best candidate solution from SAA are superior to the solution from expected value problem in terms of optimality gap and variance.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
The Challenges of Modeling Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) as Blackstart Resources and for Volt-VAR Optimality
Modeling, testing and instituting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) as Blackstart Resoucrces presents several challenges due to the fundamental differences between traditional black start resources (e.g., large generators) versus DERs like solar PV systems with battery storage. This paper addresses some of these key challenges. These include intermittency of coordinating DERs to provide continuous power during a black start event, especially during extended periods of cloud cover or when battery energy storage is depleted. This paper additionally addresses the collapsing voltage and stability control challenges specific to maintaining bulk power system stability during black start synchronization These physical and engineering limitations require careful engineering design, modeling and engineering to ensure that DERs can support critical loads and substations during black start events. A variety of additional challenges also exist. Additionally, there are challenges associated with feeder location and low voltage secondary system impacts on DER functions and settings. We compare typical functions and settings for DERs for power factor control and correction. We also demonstrate how voltag control via Volta-VAR power factor correction can be done
Mukherjee, Srijib↗
A Multi-Stage Stochastic Risk Assessment With Markovian Representation of Renewable Power
Probabilistic forecasts provide a distribution of possible outputs and so can capture the uncertainty and variability of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE). However, taking advantage of uncertainty information has practical challenges that make it difficult to integrate probabilistic forecasting into control room decision-making. This paper proposes a novel use-case for probabilistic forecasts by incorporating them into the hour-ahead operations for situational awareness via a risk-averse multi-stage stochastic program. We employ a Markovian representation of the probabilistic forecasts that enables the formulation of the multi-stage problem and avoids a scenario generation phase. We test the model on a realistically sized system to assess risk and showcase the capability of using probabilistic renewable forecast as input to produce probabilistic output forecasts of future system states. The results show that the model can capture time consistency in the reserves and Area Control Error (ACE) forecast. The solution times are adequate for risk profiling in hour-ahead timescales.
forecasting↗
Validation of the Porous Medium Approximation for Hydrodynamics Analysis in Compact Heat Exchangers
Compact heat exchangers (HXs) have gained attention in recent years in various fields such as solar and nuclear power generation, oil and gas, and refrigeration due to their low cost, high power density, and robustness in high-pressure and/or high-temperature environments. However, the large difference between a compact HX's overall dimensions (~m) and the much smaller scale of its channels (~mm) makes it challenging to model the entire HX at once, due to computational limitations. In this work, we treat the channeled region of a compact HX as a porous medium (PM) to circumvent the need to model/mesh each individual channel. This allows us to simulate the entire HX, including both the header and channeled regions while maintaining the computational cost at a practical level. Although the porous medium approach has been used to model heat exchangers, its validity is still questionable because (1) the resistance coefficients are heavily data-based and thus difficult to be applied to new heat exchangers and (2) the validation has been focused on matching the overall pressure drop in the channel region, which does not address whether such model can predict detailed pressure and velocity field. For the first time, this work addresses under what circumstances and with what uncertainty does the PM approach work for hydrodynamics modeling in compact HXs. By answering these questions, we introduce the PM approach as a powerful tool for HX hydrodynamics modeling that can predict not only the overall pressure drop but also the detailed pressure and velocity distributions.
Engineering↗
Q4 2019/Q1 2020 Solar Industry Update
The presentation, released quarterly, reviews major trends that occurred in the solar industry in 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. Major topics of focus will be global and U.S. supply & demand, module & system price, investment trends, and updates on U.S. government programs supporting the solar industry.
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC) (Final Report)
The Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC) was funded for five years (2009-2014) with the initial group of Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) by the U.S. Department of Energy. The PARC grant was then renewed for four more years (2014-2018). PARC was focused on basic scientific research aimed at elucidating the fundamental principles that underlie light harvesting and energy funneling in natural photosynthetic antennas and translating those principles into construction of biohybrid and bioinspired architectures to form the basis for next-generation systems for solar-energy conversion. PARC carried out high quality fundamental science on the path towards ambitious, visionary goals. The resources, infrastructure, and melding of scientific subdisciplines, techniques, and experiences made possible in PARC resulted in high risk but high reward and high impact research, enabling conceptual breakthroughs in light harvesting. PARC’s broad global vision was addressed through specific research and educational activities, and the legacy of intellectual and technical capacity that it built.
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Vapor-Processing of Metal-Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Metal-halide perovskites are an exciting materials platform for next generation optoelectronic devices and solar cells. In this presentation, we review our work in processing metal-halide perovskites via a dry, carrier-gas assisted vapor deposition method, and its ability to be useful for the formation of all-perovskite heterojunctions. We also outline recent work demonstrating the viability of this method for the deposition of lead-based perovskites via co-deposition.
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Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, Volume 5: Natural Gas Electricity Generating Units for Flexible Operation
To address the data needs of energy system designers and to serve as a baseline for research and development, NETL has carried out a study to characterize the flexibility attributes - both performance and cost - of nine common commercial natural gas-fueled electricity generating units. The intermittent output of low-carbon, renewable power generation sources such as wind and solar create challenges to grid stability and reliability. Fossil-fueled power generation technologies are currently used to provide reliable, on-demand power during periods of reduced renewable output. Dispatchable generators must be able to accommodate increasing renewable generation as the nation pursues the Administration’s target of a decarbonized energy sector by 2035. As energy system experts seek to identify least-cost approaches to decarbonization, accurate cost and performance data characterizing dispatchable fossil generators that operate flexibly, at capacity factors that have been declining over time, and are needed to inform models for capacity expansion. Furthermore, these technologies continue to be a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, providing the impetus for research and development, including the advancement and potential incorporation of carbon capture technologies. This study characterizes the cost and performance of select state-of-the-art natural gas-fueled power generation technologies: reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE), simple cycle combustion turbines, and natural gas combined cycles (NGCC). An emphasis is placed on flexibility characteristics, such as part-load heat rate, ramp rates, start up times, and start up costs.
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LDRD External Report Summary
Photovoltaics operate by light induced generation of negative electrons and positive electron holes, which are separated to generate electricity. These charges can recombine before an electric current can be generated resulting in lower solar power conversion efficiencies. Herein, we study the impact of magnetic fields on mitigating charge recombination to increase photovoltaic efficiencies.
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Hydrophobic, Thermal-shock Resistant Lightweight Cement Composites in Hybrid Thermal Energy-Storage Geothermal Well System
Under the DOE EERE Geothermal Technology Office (GTO)-funded project in FY 2019-2022, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) aimed to develop hydrophobic thermal-shock resistant lightweight well cement composites suitable for temporarily storing a curtailed hot working fluid incurred from excess geothermal-, solar-, and wind-generated energies in underground reservoirs thermal energy storage sites. This storage energy systems are designed to provide energy during the periods between energy-harvesting and -requiring periods. One key factor to the success of this project was hydrophobicity of cement composites. The hydrophobic composites not only upgrade thermal insulating properties of water-saturated composites for minimizing heat loss in upper well surface regions, but also provide improved mechanical properties related to thermal-shock resistance and the protection of carbon steel (CS) casing against corrosion.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Hydrophobic, Thermal-shock Resistant Lightweight Cement Composites in Hybrid Thermal Energy-Storage Geothermal Well System
Under the DOE EERE Geothermal Technology Office (GTO)-funded project in FY 2019-2022, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) aimed to develop hydrophobic thermal-shock resistant lightweight well cement composites suitable for temporarily storing a curtailed hot working fluid incurred from excess geothermal-, solar-, and wind-generated energies in underground reservoirs thermal energy storage sites. This storage energy systems are designed to provide energy during the periods between energy-harvesting and -requiring periods.
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Thermomechanical Behavior of Advanced Manufactured Parts, Subcomponents, and Their Weldments for Gen3 CSP
Generation 3 (Gen3) concentrating solar power (CSP) plants may require the use of molten chloride salt storage systems, solar receivers, and supercritical-CO 2 primary heat exchangers (PHX). The temperatures that would be expected in these parts and subcomponents could approach 760°C for hot side and 500°C for cold side at peak operating conditions. With the design limitations, highly corrosion- and creep-resistant alloys are needed for maximizing component lives. This report presents the results for the project "Thermomechanical Behavior of Advanced Manufactured Parts, Subcomponents, and their Weldments for Gen3 CSP", award number DE-EE00036334. In this project, creep enhanced ferritic alloy Grade 91, austenitic stainless-steel (SS) 304H, Ni claddings Ni201 and C22, and nickel-based superalloys Inconel 740H and Haynes 282 and 230 were evaluated for potential applications in Gen3 CSP systems. Advanced manufacturing of these parts, subcomponents and their welds, was investigated and a full technoeconomic analysis was made in comparison to conventional manufacturing techniques. The manufacturing techniques explored are explosion clad welding and combustion synthesis/combustion reaction for transfer pipes, additive manufacturing (AM) including laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and electron beam AM (EBAM) with wire feedstock for PHX and solar receivers, and conventional fusion welding for similar and dissimilar joining of these various parts and subcomponents.
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Report series: finding of effect and mitigation documentation for the mercury solar photovoltaic array and battery energy storage system, area 23, nevada national security site, nye county, nevada
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) proposes to install solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation arrays and an associated battery energy storage system (BESS) for the town of Mercury at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nye County, Nevada (Figure 1). The purposes of the development of this facility are to support long-term efforts to modernize Mercury and to provide energy-resilient infrastructure and address climate adaptation needs. Because it is within the boundary of the Mercury Historic District (MHD), it is subject to the terms of the Programmatic Agreement Between the National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office and the Nevada State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding Modernization and Operational Maintenance of the Nevada National Security Site, at Mercury in Nye County, Nevada (hereafter referred to as the Mercury PA). An identification and evaluation report prepared for this undertaking determined that a contributing element to the MHD, the Mercury airstrip (26NY15777), is within the APE (Haynes 2024). The Mercury airstrip was developed following the closure of Camp Desert Rock in 1957 and used until late 1963 or 1964 when the Camp Desert Rock Airport was renovated, and the Mercury Bypass road constructed. The town of Mercury and the immediate surrounding area have been determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as the MHD (SHPO Resource No. D230) under Criteria A and C for its importance in supporting nuclear testing and scientific research from 1951 through 1992 (Reed 2019). Originally recorded in 2016, 26NY15777 was determined individually not eligible for listing in the NRHP because it lacked sufficient integrity to convey its significance (Palmer 2016). It was subsequently determined in 2018 to be a contributing element of the MHD in an architectural survey of the district (Palmer 2018) and identified in Appendix C of the Mercury PA as a Category I contributing element. However, as per Stipulation IV.B.2, because the airstrip had already been formally evaluated and determined not to be individually eligible for the NRHP in consultation with the SHPO, this categorization was an error. NNSA/NFO reported this to the SHPO in Haynes 2024 and the SHPO concurred on June 11, 2024 (Reed). Accordingly, the airstrip is a Category II Property for the purposes of complying with the Mercury PA. The Mercury airstrip is a historic property for the purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and subject to the stipulations of the Mercury PA.
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Identification and evaluation for the mercury solar photovoltaic array and battery energy storage system, area 23, nevada national security site, nye county, nevada
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in conjunction with the National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO), proposes to construct a solar photovoltaic (PV) energy generation array and an associated Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in the town of Mercury at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nye County, Nevada. The purposes of the development of this facility are to support long-term efforts to modernize Mercury and to provide energy-resilient infrastructure and climate adaptation needs.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗