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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,315 records · Page 73
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

HyperKube: A Kubernetes Based System for the Automation of Processing and Analysis of Hyperspectral Data Obtained from Multiple Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

Hyperspectral imagery is an emerging field of technology that has enormous potential for remote and proximal sensing in numerous areas of research. The plant phenotyping community is applying this technology to advance the throughput and accuracy of plant phenotypes based on airborne and lab-based hyperspectral imaging technology. Here we report an automated processing and analysis pipeline for four different hyperspectral imaging platforms, discuss the data issues involved, and present a strategy for computing and data architecture to handle hyperspectral data.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Synthesis and application of thermally responsive nanofiber coatings for overtemperature monitoring

This study presents a one-pot synthesis route to organometallic nanofibers based on copper thiolate, exhibiting distinctive chemical and physical characteristics. Electron microscopy analysis of morphology and composition revealed 2-10 μm-long, 50-90 nm-diameter hollow and non-hollow fibers composed of copper, sulfur, oxygen, hydrocarbon, and chlorine. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a pronounced mass loss within 120°C-135°C. To elucidate the thermal responsive pathways, the nanofibers were characterized before and after heating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that an initially mixed Cu(I)/Cu(II) oxidation states transition to predominantly Cu(I) upon heating. A layer of nanofiber was coated on battery pouch foil and evaluated as a candidate thermally sensitive coating. At elevated temperature (100-130°C), nanofiber coating released volatile organic compounds, sulfide and sulfur dioxide as detected using multiple gas sensors. This thermally responsive gas release/sensing approach provides a potential large-area temperature monitoring strategy, which is particularly relevant where direct temperature measurements of individual batteries is impractical. The results established proof of concept for nanofiber-coated battery pouch foil as overtemperature warning platform that can provide alerts when surface temperatures exceed a critical threshold. More broadly, the ability to form interconnected fiber networks positions copper thiolate nanofiber coatings as promising materials for advanced applications.

Ihala Gamaralalage, Chanaka [ORNL] (ORCID:00000002↗
DOE OSTI2022

Exploring mechanistic routes for light alkane oxidation with an iron–triazolate metal–organic framework

In this work, we computationally explore the formation and subsequent reactivity of various iron-oxo species in the iron–triazolate framework Fe 2 (m-OH) 2 (bbta) (H2bbta = 1H,5H-benzo(1,2-d:4,5- d0)bistriazole) for the catalytic activation of strong C–H bonds. With the direct conversion of methane to methanol as the probe reaction of interest, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to evaluate multiple mechanistic pathways in the presence of either N 2 O or H 2 O 2 oxidants. These calculations reveal that a wide range of transition metal-oxo sites – both terminal and bridging – are plausible in this family of metal–organic frameworks, making it a unique platform for comparing the electronic structure and reactivity of different proposed active site motifs. Based on the DFT calculations, we predict that Fe 2 (m-OH)2(bbta) would exhibit a relatively low barrier for N 2 O activation and energetically favorable formation of an [Fe(O)] 2+ species that is capable of oxidizing C–H bonds. In contrast, the use of H 2 O 2 as the oxidant is predicted to yield an assortment of bridging iron-oxo sites that are less reactive. We also find that abstracting oxo ligands can exhibit a complex mixture of both positive and negative spin density, which may have broader implications for relating the degree of radical character to catalytic activity. In general, we consider the coordinatively unsaturated iron sites to be promising for oxidation catalysis, and we provide several recommendations on how to further tune the catalytic properties of this family of metal–triazolate frameworks.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Conflation of Geospatial POI Data and Ground-level Imagery via Link Prediction on Joint Semantic Graph

With the proliferation of smartphone cameras and social networks, we have rich, multi-modal data about points of interest (POIs) - like cultural landmarks, institutions, businesses, etc. - within a given areas of interest (AOI) (e.g., a county, city or a neighborhood) available to us. Data conflation across multiple modalities of data sources is one of the key challenges in maintaining a geographical information system (GIS) which accumulate data about POIs. Given POI data from nine different sources, and ground-level geo-tagged and scene-captioned images from two different image hosting platforms, in this work we explore the application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to perform data conflation, while leveraging a natural graph structure evident in geospatial data. The preliminary results demonstrate the capacity of a GNN operation to learn distributions of entity (POIs and images) features, coupled with topological structure of entity's local neighborhood in a semantic nearest neighbor graph, in order to predict links between a pair of entities.

Gurav, Rutuja↗
DOE OSTI2022

Transactive Campus Energy Systems: An R&D Testbed for Renewables, Integration, Efficiency, and Grid Services (CRADA 356 / Amendment 1)

The Clean Energy and Transactive Campus (CETC) work described in this report was done as part of Amendment 1 to Campus Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) 356, the Transactive Campus CRADA with the Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce) between the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the Commerce through the Clean Energy Fund (CEF). The original project team consisted of PNNL, the University of Washington (UW) and Washington State University (WSU), to connect the PNNL, UW, and WSU campuses to construct and operate the testbed as both a regional flexibility resource and as a platform for research and development (R&D) for buildings/grid integration. Building on the foundational transactive system established by the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration (PNWSGD), the purpose of the project was to construct the testbed as both a regional flexibility resource and as a platform for R&D on buildings/grid integration and information-based energy efficiency. The testbed supports the integration of renewables and other regional needs, using the flexibility provided by building loads, energy storage, and smart inverters for batteries and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems, at four physical scales: multiple campuses, campus, microgrid and building.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS2002

From Monolithics to Tethers to Freeflyers: The Spectrum of Large Aperture Sensing from Space

As part of NASA's endeavor to push the envelope and go where we have never been before, the Space Science Enterprise has laid out a vision which includes several missions that revolutionize the collection of scientific data from space. Many of the missions designed to meet the objectives of these programs depend heavily on the ability to perform space-based interferometry, which has recently become a rapidly growing field of investigation for both the scientific and engineering communities. While scientists are faced with the challenges of designing high fidelity optical systems capable of making detailed observations, engineers wrestle with the problem of providing s-pace-based platforms that can permit this data gathering to occur. Observational data gathering is desired at's variety of spectral wavelengths and resolutions, calling for interferometers with a range of baseline requirements. Approaches to configuration design are as varied as the missions themselves from large monolithic spacecraft to multiple free-flying small spacecraft and everything in between. As will be discussed, no one approach provides a 'panacea' of solutions rather each has its place in terms of the mission requirements. The purpose here is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches, to discuss the driving factors in design selection and determine the relative range of applicability of each design approach.

Leitner, Jesse↗
NASA NTRS2008

Smart Sensor Systems for Aerospace Applications: From Sensor Development to Application Testing

The application of Smart Sensor Systems for aerospace applications is a multidisciplinary process consisting of sensor element development, element integration into Smart Sensor hardware, and testing of the resulting sensor systems in application environments. This paper provides a cross-section of these activities for multiple aerospace applications illustrating the technology challenges involved. The development and application testing topics discussed are: 1) The broadening of sensitivity and operational range of silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky gas sensor elements; 2) Integration of fire detection sensor technology into a "Lick and Stick" Smart Sensor hardware platform for Crew Exploration Vehicle applications; 3) Extended testing for zirconia based oxygen sensors in the basic "Lick and Stick" platform for environmental monitoring applications. It is concluded that that both core sensor platform technology and a basic hardware platform can enhance the viability of implementing smart sensor systems in aerospace applications.

Hunter, G. W.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

RadLab: A Comprehensive Database and Graphical and Programming Interfaces for Biologically Relevant Space Radiation Data

RadLab, a new component of the NASA Open Science Data Repository (OSDR), comprises a database of radiation measurements relevant to space biology, and visual and programmatic interfaces for interrogation and retrieval of these data. The attributes of data available through RadLab include spacecraft, types of radiation sensing instruments, locations within the spacecraft (e.g. modules of the ISS), associated celestial bodies, trajectories, and spacecraft coordinates. The application programming interface (API) implements a request syntax for retrieval of timestamped data filtered by various combinations of such attributes; the graphical user interface (GUI) extends this functionality with visualizations, such as spacecraft schematics, time series plots, geospatial visualizations, and provides easy means to iteratively refine search parameters, inspect the data on the fly, and download target subsets. The release of RadLab currently available to the public contains datasets provided by US and international collaborators and focuses on data recorded on the ISS. Investigators from multiple countries, including the US, Canada, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Russia and the Czech Republic, have committed to provide data from their instruments in and beyond low Earth orbit; RadLab will also soon expand to include past (e.g. Shuttle and Mir) and future (e.g. Artemis) data. RadLab will provide a comprehensive, dynamic compendium of space radiation data, enabling the scientific community to perform analyses of data from multiple detectors and to determine the radiation environment of research missions and experiments. The RadLab Working Group has been formed to foster collaborations among data contributors and users, to identify data sources, to put in place standards for data harmonization, and to guide the development of the platform, with the goal to establish the use of RadLab in space radiation research and to advance our understanding of the space radiation environment in human habitats.

database↗
DOE OSTI2022

Proton Conducting Sulfonated Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymers

Herein, we report the synthesis of proton-conducting sulfonated poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers (S-PILBCPs) containing one block with sulfonic acid (sulfonated styrene, SS) and the other with an IL moiety (vinylbenzylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, VBMIm-TFSI) using reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and post-polymerization modifications (i.e., functionalization, anion exchange reactions, and sulfonation). The S-PILBCPs uniquely conjoin the SS block with mobile protons (H + ) and the PIL block with mobile anions (TFSI – ), where multiple highly desired properties, including high proton conductivity (from the SS block), and high IL-philicity and oxygen solubility (from the PIL block) can exist compartmentally within a microphase separated morphology (evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)). High ion conductivity of 79.7 mS/cm at a PIL block composition of 21.6 mol % was observed at 80 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) (comparable to the benchmark Nafion ionomer). This work successfully demonstrates the design of S-PILBCPs as a new material platform and showcases its promise as an ionomer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as they simultaneously and compartmentally combine proton conductivity and oxygen solubility. Furthermore, these benefits have recently been leveraged to achieve substantial improvement in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and subsequently fuel cell performance.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2015

Lidar Measurements of Wind and Cloud Around Venus from an Orbiting or Floating/flying Platform

Given the presence of clouds and haze in the upper portion of the Venus atmosphere, it is reasonable to consider a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) for making remote measurements of the 3-dimensional winds within the tops of clouds and the overlying haze layer. Assuming an orbit altitude of 250 kilometers and cloud tops at 60 kilometers (within the upper cloud layer), an initial performance assessment of an orbiting DWL was made using a numerical instrument and atmospheres model developed for both Earth and Mars. It is reasonable to expect vertical profiles of the 3-dimensional wind speed with 1 kilometer vertical resolution and horizontal spacing of 25 kilometers to several 100 kilometers depending upon the desired integration times. These profiles would begin somewhere just below the tops of the highest clouds and extend into the overlying haze layer to some to-be-determined height. Getting multiple layers of cloud returns is also possible with no negative impact on velocity measurement accuracy. The knowledge and expertise for developing coherent Doppler wind lidar technologies and techniques, for Earth related mission at NASA Langley Research Center is being leveraged to develop an appropriate system suitable for wind measurement around Venus. We are considering a fiber-laser-based lidar system of high efficiency and smaller size and advancing the technology level to meet the requirements for DWL system for Venus from an orbiting or floating/flying platform. This presentation will describe the concept, simulation and technology development plan for wind and cloud measurements on Venus.

Singh, Upendra N.↗
NASA NTRS2014

High Speed, Low Cost Telemetry Access from Space Development Update on Programmable Ultra Lightweight System Adaptable Radio (PULSAR)

Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology has been proven in the commercial sector since the early 1990's. Today's rapid advancement in mobile telephone reliability and power management capabilities exemplifies the effectiveness of the SDR technology for the modern communications market. In contrast, the foundations of transponder technology presently qualified for satellite applications were developed during the early space program of the 1960's. Conventional transponders are built to a specific platform and must be redesigned for every new bus while the SDR is adaptive in nature and can fit numerous applications with no hardware modifications. A SDR uses a minimum amount of analog / Radio Frequency (RF) components to up/down-convert the RF signal to/from a digital format. Once the signal is digitized, all processing is performed using hardware or software logic. Typical SDR digital processes include; filtering, modulation, up/down converting and demodulation. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Programmable Ultra Lightweight System Adaptable Radio (PULSAR) leverages existing MSFC SDR designs and commercial sector enhanced capabilities to provide a path to a radiation tolerant SDR transponder. These innovations (1) reduce the cost of NASA Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Deep Space standard transponders, (2) decrease power requirements, and (3) commensurately reduce volume. A second pay-off is the increased SDR flexibility by allowing the same hardware to implement multiple transponder types simply by altering hardware logic - no change of hardware is required - all of which will ultimately be accomplished in orbit. Development of SDR technology for space applications will provide a highly capable, low cost transponder to programs of all sizes. The MSFC PULSAR Project results in a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7 low-cost telemetry system available to Smallsat and CubeSat missions, as well as other platforms. This paper documents the continued development and verification/validation of the MSFC SDR, called PULSAR, which contributes to advancing the state-of-the-art in transponder design - directly applicable to the SmallSat and CubeSat communities. This paper focuses on lessons learned on the first sub-orbital flight (high altitude balloon) and the follow-on steps taken to validate PULSAR. A sounding rocket launch, currently planned for 03/2015, will further expose PULSAR to the high dynamics of sub-orbital flights. Future opportunities for orbiting satellite incorporation reside in the small satellite missions (FASTSat, CubeSat. etc.).

Simms, William Herbert, III↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Space Radiation Dosimetry Biological Response Compared to Radiation Ground Studies

Ionizing radiation from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) is one of the major risk factors that will impact the health of astronauts on extended missions outside the protective effects of Earth’s magnetic field. The NASA GeneLab project has detailed information on radiation exposure using animal models with curated dosimetry information for spaceflight experiments. We analyzed multiple GeneLab omics datasets associated with both ground-based and spaceflight radiation studies that included in vivo and in vitro approaches. A range of ions from protons to iron particles with doses from 0.1 Gy to 1.0 Gy for ground studies and samples flown in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with total doses of 1.0 mGy to 30 mGy were utilized From this analysis we were able to identify distinct biological signatures associating specific ions with specific biological responses due to radiation exposure in space. For example, we discovered changes in mitochondrial function, ribosomal assembly, and immune pathways as a function of dose. We provided a summary of how the GeneLab’s rich database of omics experiments with animal models can be used to generate novel hypotheses to better understand human health risks from GCR exposures.

Afshin Beheshti↗
DOE OSTI2020

Heterotrimetallic Mixed‐Valent Molecular Precursors Containing Periodic Table Neighbors: Assignment of Metal Positions and Oxidation States

Abstract A known trinuclear structure was used to design the heterobimetallic mixed‐valent, mixed‐ligand molecule [Co II (hfac) 3 −Na−Co III (acac) 3 ] ( 1 ). This was used as a template structure to develop heterotrimetallic molecules [Co II (hfac) 3 −Na−Fe III (acac) 3 ] ( 2 ) and [Ni II (hfac) 3 −Na−Co III (acac) 3 ] ( 3 ) via isovalent site‐specific substitution at either of the cobalt positions. Diffraction methods, synchrotron resonant diffraction, and multiple‐wavelength anomalous diffraction were applied beyond simple structural investigation to provide an unambiguous assignment of the positions and oxidation states for the periodic table neighbors in the heterometallic assemblies. Molecules of 2 and 3 are true heterotrimetallic rather than a statistical mixture of two heterobimetallic counterparts. Trinuclear platform 1 exhibits flexibility in accommodating a variety of di‐ and trivalent metals, which can be further utilized in the design of molecular precursors for the NaMM′O 4 functional oxide materials.

Han, Haixiang↗
DOE OSTI2025

Autonomous direct freeform fabrication strategy for multi-axis additive manufacturing

Multi-axis additive manufacturing (M-AM) enables precise material deposition along both planar and curved layers, eliminating the need for support structures through a continuous material deposition approach. In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional planar layers constrained to a fixed building orientation, the deposition on freeform layers demands the specification of guided curves to determine material deposition directions which are no longer to be fixed to a build direction. There are challenges that arise when fabricating components with multiple “build” directions, necessitating the decomposition of geometries and the specification of guided curves for the resulting volumes. Furthermore, multi-axis systems introduce heightened challenges due to an increased degree of freedom in motion. Consequently, the potential risks of collision between the deposited geometry and the motion platform become a notable concern. This research proposes a freeform layering algorithm to address the challenge of seamless transitions between planar and curved layers in the process planning of M-AM. The algorithm computes 3D “printable” layers by leveraging topological information derived from the geometry to be built and integrates collision-free manufacturability considerations into the computational process. These accumulated volumes serve as a “substrate” and support volumes for subsequent deposition, allowing later layers to be built without the need for additional support material. In conclusion, the proposed method successfully devises a freeform layering approach suitable for intricate models that demand substantial support, thus enabling the fabrication of diverse geometries in a manner previously unachievable.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electromagnetic response and emergent topological orders in transition metal dichalcogenide MoTe 2 bilayers

Twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoTe 2 , provide a versatile platform for exploring correlated topological phases. This work investigates the interplay between perpendicular magnetic and electric fields in tuning the electronic structure and emergent topological orders of twisted bilayer MoTe 2 (t-MoTe 2 ) across two distinct regimes: a low-twist-angle phase (θ ≈ 2.1°) hosting multiple Chern bands of identical Chern numbers per valley, and a higher-angle phase (θ ≈ 3.89°) featuring Haldane-like bands with opposite Chern numbers. Using a continuum model incorporating moiré potentials up to second harmonics, we compute the Hofstadter fractal spectra under applied fields, revealing Landau fan structures and magnetic-flux-dependent band topology. These fractal spectra are useful in studying emergent topological orders in terms of the composite fermion picture, where the statistical Chern-Simons flux is approximated as a uniform gauge field. We demonstrate that the system hosts both Jain-sequence fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) and non-Jain fractal FCIs with higher Chern numbers. As a result, the electric field suppresses composite fermion gaps and induces topological quantum phase transitions. Furthermore, our analysis extends to valley-contrasting flux attachment, proposing pathways to describe fractional quantum spin Hall states.

Anyons↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bicircular Light Floquet Engineering of Magnetic Symmetry and Topology and Its Application to the Dirac Semimetal Cd 3 As 2

Here, we show that bicircular light (BCL) is a versatile way to control magnetic symmetries and topology in materials. The electric field of BCL, which is a superposition of two circularly polarized light waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of each other, traces out a rose pattern in the polarization plane that can be chosen to break selective symmetries, including spatial inversion. Using a realistic low-energy model, we theoretically demonstrate that the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 is a promising platform for BCL Floquet engineering. Without strain, BCL irradiation induces a transition to a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal phase with tunable energy separation between the Weyl nodes. In the presence of strain, we predict the emergence of a magnetic topological crystalline insulator with exotic unpinned surface Dirac states that are protected by a combination of twofold rotation and time reversal (2') and can be controlled by light.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Cost Analysis and Operational Range Prediction Based on Medium- and Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Real-World Deployments across the United States

While the market for medium- and heavy-duty battery-electric vehicles (MHD EVs) is still nascent, a growing number of these vehicles are being deployed across the U.S. This study used over 2.3 million miles of operational data from multiple types of MHD EVs across various regions and operating conditions to address knowledge gaps in total cost of ownership and operational range. First, real-world energy cost savings were determined: MHD fleets should experience energy cost savings each year from 2021 to 2035, regardless of vehicle platform, with the greatest savings seen in transit buses (up to USD 4459 annually) and HD trucks (up to USD 3284 annually). Second, to help fleets across various geographies throughout the U.S. assess the suitability of EVs for their year-round operating needs, operational range was modeled using the XGBoost algorithm (R2: 70%) given 22 input features relevant to vehicle efficiency. Finally, this paper recommends (1) that MHD fleets apply energy-saving practices to minimize the impacts of cold temperatures and high congestion levels on vehicle efficiency and range, and (2) that local hauling fleets select trucks with a nominal range nearly double the expected maximum daily range to account for range losses under local, urban driving conditions.

Qiu, Yin (ORCID:0009000900948794)↗