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DOE OSTI2018

Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan - TA-60 Material Recycling Facility

This Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) was developed in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. §§1251 et seq., as amended), and the Multi-Sector General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity (U.S. EPA, June 2015) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and using the industry specific permit requirements for Sector P-Land Transportation and Warehousing as a guide. This SWPPP applies to discharges of stormwater from the operational areas of the TA- 60 Material Recycling Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory (also referred to as LANL or the “Laboratory”) is owned by the Department of Energy (DOE), and is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS). Throughout this document, the term “facility” refers to the TA-60 Material Recycling Facility. The current permit expires at midnight on June 4, 2020.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2017

Prospects for a Muon Spin Resonance Facility in the MuCool Test Area

This paper investigates the feasibility of re-purposing the MuCool Test Area beamline and experimental hall to support a Muon Spin Resonance facility, which would make it the only such facility in the US. This report reviews the basic muon production concepts studied and operationally implemented at TRIUMF, PSI, and RAL and their application to the MTA facility. Two scenarios were determined feasible. One represents an initial minimal-shielding and capital-cost investment stage with a single secondary muon beamline that transports the primary beam to an existing high-intensity beam absorber located outside of the hall. Another, upgraded stage, involves an optimized production target pile and high-intensity absorber installed inside the experimental hall and potentially multiple secondary muon lines. In either scenario, with attention to target design, the MTA can host enabling and competitive Muon Spin Resonance experiments

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

SuperCDMS Underground Detector Fabrication Facility

The SuperCDMS SNOLAB dark matter experiment processes Ge and Si crystals into fully tested phonon and ionization detectors at surface fabrication and test facilities. If not mitigated, it is anticipated that trace-level production of radioisotopes in the crystals due to exposure to cosmic rays at (or above) sea level will result in the dominant source of background events in future dark matter searches using the current SuperCDMS detector technology. Fabrication and testing of detectors in underground facilities shielded from cosmic radiation is one way to directly reduce production of trace levels of radioisotopes, thereby improving experimental sensitivity for the discovery of dark matter beyond the level of the current experiment. In this report, we investigate the cost and feasibility to establish a complete detector fabrication processing chain in an underground location to mitigate cosmogenic activation of the Ge and Si detector substrates. For a specific and concrete evaluation, we explore options for such a facility located at SNOLAB, an underground laboratory in Sudbury, Canada hosting the current and future experimental phases of SuperCDMS.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2018

Energy-Water Microgrid Opportunity Analysis at the University of Arizona's Biosphere 2 Facility

Microgrids provide reliable and cost-effective energy services in a variety of conditions and locations. There has been minimal effort invested in developing energy-water microgrids that demonstrate the feasibility and leverage synergies of operating renewable energy and water systems in a coordinated framework. Water systems can be operated in ways to provide ancillary services to the electrical grid and renewable energy can be utilized to power water-related infrastructure, but the potential for co-managed systems has not yet been quantified or fully characterized. Energy-water microgrids could be a promising solution to improve energy and water resource management for islands, rural communities, distributed generation, Defense operations, and many parts of the world lacking critical infrastructure. NREL and the University of Arizona have been jointly researching energy-water microgrid opportunities at the University's Biosphere 2 (B2) research facility. B2 is an ideal case study for an energy-water microgrid test site, given its size, its unique mission and operations, the criticality of water and energy infrastructure, and its ability to operate connected to or disconnected from the local electrical grid. Moreover, the B2 is a premier facility for undertaking agricultural research, providing an excellent opportunity to evaluate connections and tradeoffs at the food-energy-water nexus. In this study, NREL used the B2 facility as a case study for an energy-water microgrid test site, with the potential to catalyze future energy-water system integration research. The study identified opportunities for energy and water efficiency and estimated the sizes of renewable energy and storage systems required to meet remaining loads in a microgrid, identified dispatchable loads in the water system, and laid the foundation for an in-depth energy-water microgrid analysis. The foundational work performed at B2 serves a model that can be built upon for identifying relevant energy-water microgrid data, analytical requirements, and operational challenges associated with development of future energy-water microgrids.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2016

Methodology for SNL Nuclear Facility Categorization

This administrative operating procedure (AOP) provides the process for performing the initial and final hazard categorization for a nuclear facility or activity to ensure compliance with 10 CFR 830.202. This AOP provides guidance on the application of the PHS process (refer to MN471017, Safety Basis Manual, Appendix NF-01,"Nuclear Facility Hazard Categorization") and describes the analyses that might be required to finalize a facility's hazard categorization.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2018

An Assessment of MELCOR 2.1: Containment Thermal-Hydraulic Tests in the Heissdampfreaktor (HDR) Facility

MELCOR is being developed at Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. MELCOR is a fully integrated code (encompassing the reactor coolant system and the containment building) that models the progression of postulated accidents in light water reactor power plants. It provides a capability for independently auditing analyses submitted by reactor manufacturers and utilities. In order to assess the adequacy of containment thermal - hydraulic modeling incorporated in the MELCOR code, a key containment test facility was analyzed. This report documents MELCOR code calculations for simulating steam - water blowdown tests performed in the Heissdampfreaktor ( HDR) de-commissioned containment facility located near Frankfurt , Germany . These tests are a series of blowdown experiments in a large scaled test facility ; including some tests with the addition of hydrogen release which are intended to simulate a variety of postulated break s inside large containment buildings. The key objectives of this MELCOR assessment are to study: (1) the expansion and transport of high energy steam - water releases, (2) heat and mass transfer to structural passive heat sinks, and (3) containment gas mixing and stratification. Moreover, MELCOR results are compared to the CONTAIN code for the same tests.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2014

Atmospheric Research Measurement Climate Research Facility - Atmospheric System Research High-Resolution Modeling Workshop, May 19-20, 2014

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility is a scientific user facility within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). ARM is an observation facility whose purpose is to provide ground-based observations of the atmosphere to support climate research and to support the improvement of global climate models. ARM is closely affiliated with the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program, which uses ARM data to address key atmospheric science issues and improve the parameterization of physical processes in climate models. A common methodology for using ARM data to improve climate models has been to carry out multi-model evaluation projects, typically in conjunction with field campaigns in which intensive radiosonde launches support the development of model forcing data sets. These exercises have yielded important insights. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in supporting high-resolution model simulations on a more routine basis. An important aspect of ARM sites is the continuous collection of high-resolution data over long periods of time. More routine model simulations would take better advantage of these long-term data sets. Nevertheless, accomplishing this will require careful attention to the requirements for running and evaluating these models together with a research program that maximizes the benefit of the model output.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2017

Development of Tritide Dose Assumptions for Tritium Processing and Extraction Facilities MACCS2 Consolidated Hazard Analysis and Documented Safety Analysis Revision

The purpose of this report is to identify the Tritide Dose Assumptions applicable to the Tritium Facilities. These dose assumptions support the MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System 2 (MACCS2) revision of the Consolidated Hazards Analysis (CHA) and Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) for the Tritium Facilities, including the Tritium Extraction Facility.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2017

Development of Tritide Dose Assumptions for Tritium Processing and Extraction Facilities MACCS2 Consolidated Hazard Analysis and Documented Safety Analysis Revision

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2018

KDHE Project Code: C6-074-00002: Progress and Monitoring Report for the LBD/SVE/AS System at the Former CCC/USDA Grain Storage Facility, Agra, Kansas, in January-June 2017 (Chron-2157)

The Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility at Agra, Kansas, from the 1950s to the early 1970s. No structures remain on the property, and the land is used for agricultural purposes, specifically wheat production. The property is currently owned by the Kyle Railroad Co. and is leased to Mr. Herb VanEaton. The Pro-Ag Marketing grain storage facility is directly south of the former CCC/USDA facility.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

KDHE Project Code: C6-074-00002: Progress and Monitoring Report for the LBD/SVE/AS System at the Former CCC/USDA Grain Storage Facility, Agra, Kansas, in July-December 2017 (Chron-2170)

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

Analysis of Uranium Ion Exchange Resin from the 200 West Pump-and-Treat Facility

The 200 West Area Pump-and-Treat (P&T) Facility at the Hanford Site is a multifunctional groundwater treatment facility consisting of unit processes to remove radionuclides such as uranium (U) and technetium (Tc-99) as well as other inorganic (nitrate and hexavalent chromium), and organic (carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethene) contaminants. The RAD building of the P&T Facility removes U and Tc-99 using ion exchange chromatography. In 2016, the Purolite A530E resin used for the Tc-99 removal was replaced and the spent resin was analyzed. In addition to Tc-99, the Purolite A530E resin also retained I-129 and Co-60; however, the resin loading was dominated by common groundwater constituents such as calcium, iron, silicon, and sulfate.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

MSGP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TA-60 Roads and Grounds Facility, Sigma Mesa Staging Areas, and Asphalt Batch Plant

This Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) was developed in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. §§1251 et seq., as amended), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Multi-Sector General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity (MSGP) (U.S. EPA, June 2015) issued by EPA, and using the industry specific permit requirements for Sector P: Land Transportation and Warehousing and Sector D: Asphalt Paving and Roofing Material and Lubricant Manufacturing as a guides. The applicable stormwater discharge permit is EPA General Permit Tracing Number NMR050013 [Triad National Security, LLC (Triad)]. This SWPPP applies to discharges of stormwater from the operational areas of the TA-60 Roads and Grounds Facility, Sigma Mesa Staging Areas, and Asphalt Batch Plant at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory (also referred to as LANL or the “Laboratory”) is owned by the Department of Energy (DOE), and is operated by Triad. Throughout this document, the term “facilities” refers to the TA-60 Roads and Grounds Facility, Sigma Mesa Staging Areas, and Asphalt Batch Plant. The current MSGP expires at midnight on June 4, 2020.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

The effect of linear regression modeling approaches on determining facility wide energy savings

Holistic energy management system business practices, such as the framework detailed in ISO 50001 – Energy management system, requirements and guidance for use , are centrally based upon the concept of energy performance improvement. For the purposes of ISO 50001, energy performance improvement can be determined for boundaries and following a process that is best suited for the implementing organization. Many organization and government ISO 50001 based programs, including the United States Department of Energy Superior Energy Performance (SEP) program, find value in demonstrating organizational energy performance improvement as the difference in energy consumption between two time periods within physically defined facility-boundaries. To make the difference in energy consumption for the two time periods meaningful, the amount of energy consumed must be adjusted to account for relevant variables. Relevant variables, such as metrics of production and weather conditions, affect directly the amount of energy consumed but are independent of the facility’s energy performance. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust the observed energy consumption by the relevant variables identified by the facility, so that the energy savings resulted from the energy performance improvement actions can be isolated and determined, which is the purpose of this program.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2017

Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility (Safety Assessment, Rev. 0)

This Safety Assessment (SA) documents the hazard analysis conducted for the Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility. The Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Authorization Basis process requires Safety Assessment documents for all moderate-hazard industrial facilities. Together with the Primary Hazard Screening (PHS) Document [SNL11A00204), the SA documents the SWiFT safety basis, which is defined as the safety analysis and hazard controls that provide reasonable assurance that a DOE facility can be operated in a manner that adequately protects the workers, collocated/onsite workers, the public, and the environment. The SA specifically addresses the potential impact of hazards on the worker, collocated worker, and public.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

RCS for Multi-MW Facility at Fermilab [PowerPoint]

DUNE/LBNF is an international multi-decadal physics program for leading-edge neutrino science and proton decay study. The DUNE Interim Design Report calls the completion of PIP-II by 2026 and an upgrade to 2.4 MW beam power at 120 GeV by 2032. We argue a new rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) will enable the proton facility to achieve 2.4 MW beam power and set the stage for further upgrades to facility power. We discuss the constraints on RCS design and the implications for other parts of the accelerator facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2019

MELCOR Modeling of Accident Scenarios at a Facility for Aqueous Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel

The work presented in this report applies the MELCOR code to evaluate potential accidents in non-reactor nuclear facilities, focusing on Design Basis Accidents. Ten accident scenarios were modeled using NRC's best-estimate severe accident analysis code, MELCOR 2.2. The accident scenarios simulated a range of explosions and/or fires related to a nuclear fuel reprocessing facility. The objective was to evaluate the radionuclide source term to the environment following initiating explosion and/or fire events. The simulations were performed using a MELCOR model of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant, which was decommissioned before beginning reprocessing operations. Five of the accident scenarios were based on the Class 5 Design Basis Accidents from the Final Safety Analysis Report. Three of the remaining accident scenarios include sensitivity studies on smaller solvent fires. The final two accidents included an induced fire from an initial explosion. The radionuclide inventory was developed from ORIGEN calculations of spent PWR fuel with an initial enrichment of 4.5% U-235 by weight. The fuel aged for five years after a final 500-day irradiation cycle. The burn-up was conservatively increased to 60 GWd/MTU to bound current US operations. The results are characterized in terms of activity release to the environment and the building decontamination factor, which is related the leak path factor used in Department of Energy safety analyses. The MELCOR 2.2 results consider adverse consequences to the filters, ventilation system, and structures as a result of the explosions and fires. The calculations also include best-estimate models for aerosol transport, agglomeration, and deposition. The new calculations illustrate best-estimate approaches for predicting the source term from a reprocessing facility accident.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2019

SBIR Phase II Final Report - A Robust Wireless Communication System for Harsh Environments Including Nuclear Facilities

This is the Final Report for the DOE Phase II SBIR project “A Robust Wireless Communication System for Harsh Environments Including Nuclear Facilities.” The topics covered herein include technical progress made, progress against the planned milestones and deliverables, project outcomes, and a discussion on future expectations of deployment and impacts of the results of this work. In brief, all planned work for the project was successfully completed, on or ahead of schedule and on budget. The major accomplishment was the successful development of new sensor/communications systems with wideband (WB)/ultra-wideband (UWB) communications based on the software-defined-radio (SDR) technology to improve sensing and control in nuclear power plants and then a broad range of similar sensing applications. The impacts of these disciplines/focuses of this SBIR include: A new multi-frequency SDR-based architecture with WB/UWB communications integrated with sensors was developed, utilizing 310 MHz, 450 MHz, 915 MHz, and 5 GHz frequencies; Secure communications using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm; Sensing possibilities not effectively addressed by previous technologies was addressed; and, The newly developed wireless sensor communications system can adapt its communications parameters to its operational environment for optimal performance. The performance of this system has been evaluated by systematic laboratory and field testing. The field testing was conducted at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Nuclear Test Reactor, and the McClellan Nuclear center at the University of California Davis (UC Davis), as well as at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The success in this project resulted in DSI being awarded “The DOE’s 2018 SBIR/STTR Small Business of the Year”. This technology has attracted interest from The Rolls Royce company with ongoing discussions under NDA for potential strategic partnership between DSI and Rolls Royce in providing wireless sensor communications in nuclear facilities. Furthermore, the success of this project has attracted significant interest from the United Nations International Atomic Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria, as well as other DOE and DOD offices. Currently, per request from IAEA, DOE’s office of International Safeguards has funded DSI to develop a WB/UWB wireless communication system for real-time transmission of images from IAEA’s safeguards cameras in various nuclear facilities. DSI also has received a Phase II and Phase II.5 SBIR awards from ARMY and NAVY for wireless communications capability for various DOD aircraft.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗