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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,297 records · Page 72
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Improving Resiliency in Planning MW-Scale Medium and Heavy Duty EV Charging Stations Considering TSCOTS Optimization

Electrification of heavy-duty (HD) vehicles marks an important milestone and technical challenge in the electric vehicle (EV) industry and the public grid. However, implementing EV charging at this scale will necessitate that traditional truck stops be updated with EV charging infrastructure that could represent 10's of MW in electricity consumption. Furthermore, as the transportation sector is represented as critical infrastructure, supporting resiliency considerations in EV charging infrastructure will be critical. This paper proposes an optimization-based approach for optimally designing a MW-scale microgrid charging network. This approach transforms conventional designed truck stops into a reliable HDEV charging stations capable of overnight slow charging and 30-minute to 1 hour fast charging. Using a mixed-integer linear program formulation blending capacity planning and reliability constraints, an optimal network configuration can be solved for a proposed EV charging station that includes photovoltaic and battery energy storage capabilities.

Ponce, Moises [University of Tennessee, Knoxville ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bounds on Optimal Revisit Times in Persistent Monitoring Missions With a Distinct and Remote Service Station</strong

We report persistent monitoring missions require an up-to-date knowledge of the changing state of the underlying environment. Unmannned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be gainfully employed to continually visit a set of targets representing tasks (and locations) in the environment and collect data therein for long time periods. The enduring nature of these missions requires the UAV to be regularly recharged at a service station. In this article, we consider the case in which the service station is not colocated with any of the targets. An efficient monitoring requires the revisit time, defined as the maximum of the time elapsed between successive revisits to targets, to be minimized. Here, we consider the problem of determining UAV routes that lead to the minimum revisit time. The problem is NP-hard, and its computational difficulty increases with the fuel capacity of the UAV. We develop an algorithm to construct near-optimal solutions to the problem quickly when the fuel capacity exceeds a threshold. We also develop lower bounds to the optimal revisit time and use these bounds to demonstrate (through numerical simulations) that the constructed solutions are, on an average, at most 0.01% away from the optimum.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Hybrid Fuel Cell and Battery Storage Power Management for Grid-Interactive EV Charging Station

With the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources in grid-interactive Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations, the role of energy storage systems has become critical. While large energy storage systems have mitigated the intermittency of renewable energy, integrating multi-source energy management with prioritized charging can further enhance the reliability of charging stations (CS). This paper presents a decentralized energy management (DEM) approach combining battery energy storage (BES) and fuel cell (FC) systems using a rule-based line resistance correction droop (LRCD) control technique. The proposed droop control dynamically adjusts the gain to balance the state-of-charge (SoC) of the BES, enhancing power support longevity and improving battery life under varying capacity conditions by reducing current stress. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of using fuel cells in linear regions to optimize efficiency and manage various charging scenarios. The CS integrates unity power factor grid interaction, and power support for auxiliary loads, maintaining harmonic distortion within 5% during grid islanding. The approach evaluates DC bus voltage regulation under various scenarios of PV array power fluctuations and dynamic load variations, in both grid-connected and standalone operations. In conclusion, the proposed control strategy is validated on a laboratory prototype through various dynamic load variation and grid islanding scenarios.

Khalid, Mohd [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)↗
DOE OSTI2026

National Dataset of EV Charging Stations With Estimates of Load and Vehicle Throughput

Current data from the AFDC provide locations and many details about EV charging stations, but not estimates of their peak loads or the number of vehicles they can accommodate. This dataset will augment the AFDC charging station locations with estimates of transmission load and vehicle throughput based on engineering specifications of the chargers, charging patterns based on vehicle types, battery capacities, and user behavior.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Gap-filled meteorological data (2011-2020) and modeled potential evapotranspiration data from the KCOMTCRE2 WeatherUnderground weather station, from the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset is a gap-filled meteorological dataset (years 2011-2020) that includes modeled potential evapotranspiration from a station near the pumphouse on the East River (KCOMTCRE2 WeatherUnderground ) near the top of the ridge at the Pumphouse PLM wells. These datasets are useful as model inputs. The KOMTCRE2 station is located on Mt. Crested Butte in Colorado. More information can be found at: https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/KCOMTCRE2/table/2020-12-7/2020-12-7/daily. The purpose of this dataset is to use as input to hydrological and flow-reactive transport models as meteorological forcing. One attached file includes metadata files with definitions for all variables and units. Subsequent files include the same time series dataset, but aggregated and gap-filled at different time-stamp intervals. These include 5 minute time-series, 15 minute time-series, 30 minute time-series, 1 hour time-series, daily time-series, and hourly and daily modeled evapotranspiration.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integrated Hourly Meteorological Database of 20 Meteorological Stations (1981-2022) for Watershed Function SFA Hydrological Modeling

This dataset contains (a) a script “R_met_integrated_for_modeling.R”, and (b) associated input CSV files: 3 CSV files per location to create a 5-variable integrated meteorological dataset file (air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation) for 19 meteorological stations and 1 location within Trail Creek from the modeling team within the East River Community Observatory as part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA). As meteorological forcings varied across the watershed, a high-frequency database is needed to ensure consistency in the data analysis and modeling. We evaluated several data sources, including gridded meteorological products and field data from meteorological stations. We determined that our modeling efforts required multiple data sources to meet all their needs. As output, this dataset contains (c) a single CSV data file (*_1981-2022.csv) for each location (20 CSV output files total) containing hourly time series data for 1981 to 2022 and (d) five PNG files of time series and density plots for each variable per location (100 PNG files). Detailed location metadata is contained within the Integrated_Met_Database_Locations.csv file for each point location included within this dataset, obtained from Varadharajan et al., 2023 doi:10.15485/1660962. This dataset also includes (e) a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata and (f) a data dictionary (dd.csv) file that contains column/row headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type. Review the (g) ReadMe_Integrated_Met_Database.pdf file for additional details on the script, methods, and structure of the dataset.The script integrates Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering’s PRISM gridded data product, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1 gridded data product (through the `RCNEP` R package, Kemp et al., doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.RNCEP), and analytical-based calculations. Further, this script downscales the input data into hourly frequency, which is necessary for the modeling efforts.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Wind speed data from NCEI Marcos A Gelabert station, Panama, Jan 2008 – Dec 2019

This data package contains wind speed data retrieved from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI). Measurements were collected at the Marcos A. Gilbert airport in Panama City, Panama. This station can be considered as an analogue to the NGEE Tropics Parque Natural Metropolitano site in Panama. In the attached Excel file, wind speed units have been converted from MPH to m/s (1MPH = 0.447 m/s). Data from NCEI can be accessed at: https://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/maps/ncei/, STATION NAME: MARCOS A GELABERT (Airport in Panama City). Within the attached zip file are three .csv data files, three PDF files containing an explanation of gap filling procedures and site information, and a read.me text file with metadata and instructions for accessing data from NCEI.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Drought index using micrometeorological data from Embrapa weather station at Adolpho Ducke Reserve in Manaus, Brazil

This dataset includes daily resolution time series data including precipitation, minimum and maximum daily air temperature, and air relative humidity downloaded from the Embrapa InfoClima portal (https://www.cnpaf.embrapa.br/infoclima/), with data for the Adolpho Ducke Reserve climatological station in Manaus, Brazil, for the period of January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016. Using this precipitation record, a Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was calculated and added to the dataset, using daily resolution for 180 day intervals and with 20 years for calibration (1980-1999) and adopting a gamma distribution. These data were applied as a proxy for analyzes of precipitation and SPI for the Manaus ZF2 Research station, located approximately 50 Km North of the Adolpho Ducke Reserve. Data are included in a .csv file, and the text file Drought-Indices-Embrapa-Ducke_met_spi_headers.txt provides descriptions of the data file headers.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

AmeriFlux US-xAE NEON Klemme Range Research Station (OAES)

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-xAE NEON Klemme Range Research Station (OAES). Site Description - The 1,560-acre Klemme Range Research Station is a grassland site managed for livestock grazing and pasture, located in the middle of the Rolling Red Plains Resource Area. The Rolling Red Plains extends from south of the Red River to north of the Oklahoma/Kansas border consisting of approximately 9.4 million acres, which occupies a significant portion of Western Oklahoma excluding the Oklahoma Panhandle.

Network), NEON (National Ecological Observatory↗
DOE OSTI2021

AmeriFlux PR-xLA NEON Lajas Experimental Station (LAJA)

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site PR-xLA NEON Lajas Experimental Station (LAJA). Site Description - The NEON Lajas Experimental Station (LAJA) site is located on the southwest corner of the main island of Puerto Rico in a experimental range. This is a grassland site that is periodically grazed by cattle.

Network), NEON (National Ecological Observatory↗
DOE OSTI2021

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F CA-ER1 Elora Research Station

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-ER1 Elora Research Station. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-ER1 Elora Research Station produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - This is an agricultural site that typically grows corn. It is part of a larger research project on N2O fluxes from different fertilizer treatments. The site is relatively flat and homogenous. The site has been managed as agricultural land since the 1960’s and records exist of the previously-grown crops.

Wagner-Riddle, Claudia↗
DOE OSTI2023

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-UMB Univ. of Mich. Biological Station

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-UMB Univ. of Mich. Biological Station. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-UMB Univ. of Mich. Biological Station produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The UMBS site is located within a protected forest owned by the University of Michigan. Arboreal composition of the forest consists of mid-aged northern hardwoods, conifer understory, aspen, and old growth hemlock. Logging of local white pines began in 1879. In successive years, several other species were harvested. Logging was discontinued in 1980 when the land became protected under the private ownership of the University of Michigan. Patchy low- to high-intensity wildfires occurred yearly from 1880 - 1920, essentially burning the entire region.

Classen, Aimee↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-xNW NEON Niwot Ridge Mountain Research Station (NIWO)

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-xNW NEON Niwot Ridge Mountain Research Station (NIWO). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-xNW NEON Niwot Ridge Mountain Research Station (NIWO) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Niwot Ridge sits approximately 27 km west of Boulder, Colorado, and 6 km east of the Continental Divide. Topography, climate, and biota of the site are representative of Rocky Mountain alpine ecosystems, including extensive alpine tundra (mostly herbs, some shrubs and scree) and subalpine coniferous forests (Abies lasciocarpa and Picea engelmanii at higher elevations), talus slopes, wetlands and a variety of glacial landforms. Characterized by cold and relatively long winters, Niwot Ridge has an average annual temperature of 1.5°C and average annual precipitation of 800 mm. Most precipitation falls as snow and summer precipitation falls primarily during afternoon thunderstorms. Located on the eastern side of the Continental Divide at 3,000-3,500 m elevation, the site best captures chemical inputs produced along the Front Range and is well situated to observe other east/west flows across the Southern Rockies in conjunction with other NEON sites.

Network), NEON (National Ecological Observatory [N↗
DOE OSTI2021

A New Experimental Station for Liquid Interface X-Ray Scattering At NSLS-II Beamline 12-ID

Open Platform and Liquids Scattering (OPLS) is a new experimental station recently built and currently being commissioned at the Soft Matter Interfaces (SMI) beamline 12-ID at NSLS-II. The new instrument expands SMI’s beamline scientific capabilities via the addition of X-ray scattering techniques from liquid surfaces and interfaces. The design of this new instrument, located inside the 12-ID beamline shielding enclosure (hutch B), is based on a single Ge (111) crystal deflector, which bounces the incident x-ray beam downward towards a liquid sample which must be maintained in a horizontal orientation (gravity-driven consideration). The OPLS instrument has a variable deflector-to-sample distance ranging from 0.6 m to 1.5 m. X-ray detectors are mounted on a 2-theta scattering arm located downstream of the sample location. The 2-theta arm is designed to hold up to three X-ray detectors, with fixed 2-theta angular offsets, each dedicated to a different X-ray technique such as X-ray reflectivity, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering, and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Currently, the OPLS experimental station intercepts the SMI beam that otherwise propagates to the experimental endstation located in hutch C and can be retracted to a ’parking’ position laterally out of this beam to allow installation of a removable beam pipe that is needed to support operations in hutch C. The design of OPLS is flexible enough to quickly adapt to a planned future configuration of the SMI beamline in which a OPLS is illuminated separately from the main SMI branch via a second, canted undulator source and a separate photon delivery system. In this future configuration, both branches will be able to operate independently and simultaneously.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Radioisotope production at the Spallation Neutron Source: Design concept of experimental target station

Completion of the Proton Power Upgrade Project for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory opens an opportunity to utilize reserve beam power of more than 100 kW for applications beyond neutron production. One of these applications is the production of critical radionuclides. To demonstrate the feasibility of using the reserve beam power to produce radioisotope at SNS, a design concept of a small-scale experimental target station in the Linac Dump area has been developed. This experimental facility will provide isotope yield benchmarking data using protons in the GeV range. It will also enable additional research and development in isotope handling and radiochemical separation. The target station consists of a target module enclosed in a vessel and concrete shielding. Particle transport calculations and thermo-mechanical simulations are used to determine beam parameters, decay time, isotope yield, shielding dimensions, and target design parameters. Calculations verified that the irradiated capsule can be handled manually using hands-off tools and transported to a hot cell in a shielded container for post-irradiation characterizations.

Lee, Yong Joong [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000298381723)↗
DOE OSTI2020

1st MPEX Users Research Forum (MURF) summary report: specifications for the Surface Analysis Station (SAS)

The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) Team has reached out to the community of potential users of the MPEX facility to assess the high-priority capabilities which should be considered for inclusion in the design of the MPEX Surface Analysis Station (SAS). This activity is being carried out during the “advanced conceptual design” period of MPEX, i.e. post Conceptual Design Review (CDR) but prior to Preliminary Design (PD), to respond to a recommendation by the U.S. D.O.E. following the CDR. The MPEX Team will summarize the community recommendations into a guidance document (i.e. this report), which will influence the Surface Analysis Station during the Preliminary Design phase of the project.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Initial Engineering Design of a Post-Combustion CO 2 Capture (PCC) System for Duke Energy’s East Bend Station Using Membrane-Based Technology

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) led a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded study for a membrane-based post-combustion CO 2 capture (PCC) system retrofit to an existing U.S. coal power plant. EPRI teamed with technology suppliers, Membrane Technology and Research (MTR), engineering consultants Nexant, Trimeric Corporation and Bechtel Power Corporation, to develop a first-of-a-kind initial design and cost estimate for a PCC system at Duke Energy’s East Bend Station (EBS) in Kentucky. This project provides a comprehensive overview of the plant design proposed and develops estimated costs to within +/- 30% accuracy for retrofitting the existing EBS coal-fired power plant with the latest MTR’s second-generation Polaris™ membrane technology for CO 2 flue gas removal. The projects primary objective was to develop a design for Duke Energy that will require “minimally invasive surgery” on their existing 600-MWe coal-fired power plant, located on the Ohio River in Boone County, Kentucky. Unlike the current commercially available solvent-based capture systems that require a reliable source of steam to operate, the MTR membrane-based capture system is driven primarily by electric power. This direct, bolt-on approach to retrofitting carbon capture could potentially reduce the impact on the existing power plant, by minimal disruption of the existing facility’s infrastructure and operating procedures. This may also reduce the amount of retrofit downtime before the power plant can resume normal operations. A second objective was to reduce the cost of each ton of captured CO 2 while maintaining the existing 600 MW net output of the East Bend Station. With this aim in mind, various options to provide the necessary auxiliary power for the capture system were evaluated for the site. The full report describes in detail the overall design, layout and components of the entire EBS membrane capture system. The equipment and sizes, the capital cost estimate encompassing both engineering design and construction for the carbon capture process and balance of plant systems is presented. A detailed techno-economic analysis is also undertaken to examine the business case for capture.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

Remote methane sensor for emissions from pipelines and compressor stations using chirped-laser dispersion spectroscopy

Leak rates of methane (CH 4 ) from the natural gas supply chain result in lost profit from unsold product, public safety and property concerns due to potential explosion hazards, and a potentially large source of economic damages from legal liabilities. Yet large measurement challenges exist in identifying and quantifying CH 4 leak rates along the vast number and type of components in the natural gas supply chain. This is particularly true of the “midstream” components involved in the gathering, processing, compression, transmission, and storage of natural gas. This project developed and deployed new advances in chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy (CLaDS) to detect methane leaks from pipelines, compressor stations, and other midstream infrastructure from a remote position (standoff detection). The system was deployed from a van to measure fugitive methane leaks from a local compressor station as a proof-of-concept. The technique was validated through mobile laboratory measurements with in-situ sensors as well as controlled releases of methane. The system also mapped a plume from a controlled release of methane by tracking a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) that carried a corner cube retroreflector which reflected the beam back to the instrument. The drone-based system quantified a leak rate to within 30% of the actual rate and localized the emission location within 5 m of the actual release location at standoff distances of 25-45 m. This sUAS-reflector tracking approach has benefits for mapping leak locations remotely using small drones flying around a facility. Benefits of a commercial sensor with these capabilities include reductions of leaks for pipeline operators (more profit), earlier detection of leaks to avoid catastrophic explosion hazards for public health and to mitigate property damage, and reduced methane emissions to the atmosphere (improving air quality).

03 NATURAL GAS↗