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At least 1,297 records · Page 72
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2009

Solar Rejection Filter for Large Telescopes

To reject solar radiation photons at the front aperture for large telescopes, a mosaic of large transmission mode filters is placed in front of the telescope or at the aperture of the dome. Filtering options for effective rejection of sunlight include a smaller filter down-path near the focus of the telescope, and a large-diameter filter located in the front of the main aperture. Two types of large filters are viable: reflectance mode and transmittance mode. In the case of reflectance mode, a dielectric coating on a suitable substrate (e.g. a low-thermal-expansion glass) is arranged to reflect only a single, narrow wavelength and to efficiently transmit all other wavelengths. These coatings are commonly referred to as notch filter. In this case, the large mirror located in front of the telescope aperture reflects the received (signal and background) light into the telescope. In the case of transmittance mode, a dielectric coating on a suitable substrate (glass, sapphire, clear plastic, membrane, and the like) is arranged to transmit only a single wavelength and to reject all other wavelengths (visible and near IR) of light. The substrate of the large filter will determine its mass. At first glance, a large optical filter with a diameter of up to 10 m, located in front of the main aperture, would require a significant thickness to avoid sagging. However, a segmented filter supported by a structurally rugged grid can support smaller filters. The obscuration introduced by the grid is minimal because the total area can be made insignificant. This configuration can be detrimental to a diffraction- limited telescope due to diffraction effects at the edges of each sub-panel. However, no discernable degradation would result for a 20 diffraction-limit telescope (a photon bucket). Even the small amount of sagging in each subpanel should have minimal effect in the performance of a non-diffraction limited telescope because the part has no appreciable optical power. If the front aperture filter is integrated with the telescope dome, it will reject heat from the dome and will significantly reduce dome temperature regulation requirements and costs. Also, the filter will protect the telescope optics from dust and other contaminants in the atmosphere. It will be simpler to clean or replace this filter than the telescope primary mirror. It may be necessary to paint the support grid with a highly reflective material to avoid overheating.

Hemmati, Hamid↗
DOE OSTI2019

Influence of Austenitizing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-Ti Maraging Stainless Steel

The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-Ti maraging stainless steel was investigated. The grain size, Laves phase, and retained austenite in steels given different solution treatments were observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Relationships with mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing. The grain growth rate was relatively slow at temperatures of 800-1000 °C then rapidly increased at higher temperatures. Low-temperature austenitization augmented the retention of austenite, the fraction of which decreased with an increase in austenitizing temperature. The Laves phases, which precipitated in austenite during austenitization at 800-900 °C, were preserved after quenching. The solution treatment had a significant effect on the final tensile properties of the steel after aging, due to the presence of retained austenite and Laves phase reducing its strength.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, thermal and spectroscopic properties of highly Er3+-doped novel oxyfluoride glasses for photonic application

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Er{sup 3+}-doped novel oxyfluoride glasses have been prepared by melt quenching technique. • Structural, thermal and spectroscopic properties have been carried out. • SALSFEr glasses exhibit intense green and weak red emissions at 365 nm excitation. • Major laser transition for Er{sup 3+} ion in SALSFEr glasses is {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} → {sup 4}I{sub 15/2} (1.53 μm). • These results suggest the possibility of using SALSFEr glasses as photonic devices. - Abstract: The Er{sup 3+}-doped novel oxyfluoride glasses of composition (43 − x)SiO{sub 2}–10Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}–24LiF–23SrF{sub 2}–xEr{sub 2}O{sub 3}, where x = 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mol%, have been prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and are characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, optical absorption spectra, visible (vis) and near-infrared (NIR) emission spectra measurements. Judd–Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ω{sub λ}, λ = 2, 4 and 6) have been derived from the absorption spectrum of 1.0 mol% Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped glass and are in turn used to calculate radiative properties for the important luminescent levels of Er{sup 3+} ions. The studied glasses show intense green and weak red visible emissions under 365 nm excitation. The decrease in visible emission intensities with concentration of Er{sup 3+} ions has been explained due to energy transfer processes between Er{sup 3+} ions. Upon excitation at 980 nm laser diode, an intense 1.53 μm NIR emission has been observed with the maximum full width at half maximum (FWHM) for Er{sup 3+}-doped oxyfluoride glasses. The higher Er{sup 3+} ion doping capability and relatively high gain and broad emission at 1.5 μm are the most notable features of these glasses to realize efficient short-length optical amplifiers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Preparation of CuInS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanotube heterojunction arrays electrode and investigation of its photoelectrochemical properties

Graphical abstract: Schematic illustration of the synthesis steps of CuInS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} heterojunction arrays electrode. - Highlights: • CuInS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanotube heterojunction arrays electrode was successfully fabricated via a modified SILAR method. • Morphology, chemical compositions and the photoelectrochemical properties were studied. • The formed heterojunction structure is demonstrated as n–n type heterojunction. - Abstract: CuInS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanotube heterojunction arrays electrode was synthesized via a modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The morphology, crystalline structure and chemical composition of the composite electrode were characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively. The optical properties were investigated by UV–vis diffusion reflection spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as the photoelectrochemical measurements. Significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of CuInS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} NTs electrode were observed under visible light irradiation, which could be attributed to the high absorption coefficient of CuInS{sub 2} in visible region and the heterostructure formed between CuInS{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Reinforcing blade-cast photocatalytic-titania thin film by titanate nanotubes

Highlights: • Suspension-based photocatalysts are inferior to thin-films due to separation issues. • Hydrothermal TiO{sub 2} nanotubes and sol-gel Ti(n-OBu){sub 4} blends were tape casted on glass. • Optimum blend composition yields mechanical stability due to the tubes reinforcing effect. • At optimum gel content the nanotube bundles are smoothed without stabilizers added. • Surface accessibility and mass transfer dominate the photocatalytic dye degradation. - Abstract: Titanate nanotubes/titania gel blends were prepared as composite sol-gel material, deposited on a glass substrate using a doctor blade and calcined in order to create thin films. In order to get an insight in titania nanotubes’ ability to reinforce thin films, drying control chemical agents were not used. The effects of titanate nanotubes to titanium n-butoxide ratio on surface morphology, phase composition, mechanical stability and photocatalytic activity were studied. Characterization of the thin films was carried out by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and mechanical stability testing. Photocatalytic properties of the obtained thin films were evaluated on the basis of methylene blue degradation. Moderate blends exhibit favourable microstructural features while the dye degradation rate was greater for films with a greater amount of titanate nanotubes.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of Solutionizing Time on Improving the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aged AZ80 Mg Alloy

The effects of solutionizing soak time and aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast AZ80 Mg alloy were investigated. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction revealed the dissolution of β-Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} phase in the solution-treated samples which was later detected in the aged condition. Solution treatments at 420 °C for 4-16 h with water quenching followed by aging at 200 °C for 10 h were carried out, causing discontinuous precipitates to be formed with different precipitate morphologies at the various soak times. The discontinuous precipitates were observed to transform from the interdendritic segregation to parallel lamellae with increasing soak time to 8-10 h. As the soak time increased to 16 h, parallel lamellae transformed into tree-like precipitate morphology. The results showed significant changes in the interlamellar spacing at different soak times, and such precipitate morphology could influence the microstructure and mechanical properties after the aging process. A good combination of strength and ductility was obtained when the cast AZ80 Mg alloy was solution-treated at 420 °C for 10 h and aged at 200 °C for 10 h. Compared to the as-cast condition, a significant increase in ultimate tensile strength (50%), yield strength (47%) and elongation (43%) were observed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2003

Spatial Light Modulators as Optical Crossbar Switches

A proposed method of implementing cross connections in an optical communication network is based on the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to form controlled diffraction patterns that connect inputs (light sources) and outputs (light sinks). Sources would typically include optical fibers and/or light-emitting diodes; sinks would typically include optical fibers and/or photodetectors. The sources and/or sinks could be distributed in two dimensions; that is, on planes. Alternatively or in addition, sources and/or sinks could be distributed in three dimensions -- for example, on curved surfaces or in more complex (including random) three-dimensional patterns.

Juday, Richard↗
NASA NTRS2017

Measuring Shock Stage of ltokawa Regolith Grains by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction and Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

We have been analyzing Itokawa samples in order to definitively establish the degree of shock experienced by the regolith of asteroid Itokawa, and to devise a bridge between shock determinations by standard light optical petrography, crystal structures as determined by electron and X-ray diffraction techniques. We are making measurements of olivine crystal structures and using these to elucidate critical regolith impact processes. We use electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). We are comparing the Itokawa samples to L and LL chondrite meteorites chosen to span the shock scale experienced by Itokawa, specifically Chainpur (LL3.4, Shock Stage 1), Semarkona (LL3.00, S2), Kilabo (LL6, S3), NWA100 (L6, S4) and Chelyabinsk (LL5, S4). In SXRD we measure the line broadening of olivine reflections as a measure of shock stage. In this presentation we concentrate on the EBSD work. We employed JSC's Supra 55 variable pressure FEG-SEM and Bruker EBSD system. We are not seeking actual strain values, but rather indirect strain-related measurements such as extent of intra-grain lattice rotation, and determining whether shock state "standards" (meteorite samples of accepted shock state, and appropriate small grain size) show strain measurements that may be statistically differentiated, using a sampling of particles (number and size range) typical of asteroid regoliths. Using our system we determined that a column pressure of 9 Pa and no C-coating on the sample was optimal. We varied camera exposure time and gain to optimize mapping performance, concluding that 320x240 pattern pixilation, frame averaging of 3, 15 kV, and low extractor voltage yielded an acceptable balance of hit rate (>90%), speed (11 fps) and map quality using an exposure time of 30 ms (gain 650). We found that there was no strong effect of step size on Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) and Grain Reference Orientation Deviation angle (GROD-a) distribution; there was some effect on grain average Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) (reduced with smaller step size for the same grain), as expected. We monitored GOS, Maximum Orientation Spread (MOS) and GROD-a differences between whole olivine grains and sub-sampled areas, and found that there were significant differences between the whole grain dataset and subsets, as well as between subsets, likely due to sampling-related "noise". Also, in general (and logically) whole grains exhibit greater degrees of cumulative lattice rotation. Sampling size affects the apparent strain character of the grain, at least as measured by GOS, MOS and GROD-a. There were differences in the distribution frequencies of GOS and MOS between shock stages, and in plots of MOS and GOS vs. grain diameter. These results are generally consistent with those reported this year. However, it is unknown whether the differences between samples of different shock states exceeds the clustering of these values to the extent that shock stage determinations can still be made with confidence. We are investigating this by examination of meteorites with higher shock stage 4 to 5. Our research will improve our understanding of how small, primitive solar system bodies formed and evolved, and improve understanding of the processes that determine the history and future of habitability of environments on other solar system bodies. The results will directly enrich the ongoing asteroid and comet exploration missions by NASA and JAXA, and broaden our understanding of the origin and evolution of small bodies in the early solar system, and elucidate the nature of asteroid and comet regolith.

Zolensky, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2018

Measuring the Shock Stage of Asteroid Regolith Grains by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction

We have been analyzing Itokawa samples in order to definitively establish the degree of shock experienced by the regolith of asteroid Itokawa, and to devise a bridge between shock determinations by standard light optical petrography, crystal structures as determined by electron and X-ray diffraction. These techniques would then be available for samples returned from other asteroid regoliths.

Zolensky, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mononuclear to Polynuclear U(IV) Structural Units: Effects of Reaction Conditions on U-Furoate Phase Formation

In this work, Uranium(IV) complexation by 2-furoic acid was examined to better understand the effects of ligand identity and reaction conditions on species formation and stability. Five compounds were isolated: [UCl 2 (2-FA) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n (1), [U 4 Cl 10 O 2 (THF) 6 (2-FA) 2 ]•2(THF) (2), [U 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (H 2 O) 3 (2-FA) 12 ]•7(THF)•(H 2 O) (3), [U 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (H 2 O) 2 (2-FA) 12 ]•8.76(H 2 O) (4), and [U 38 Cl 42 O 54 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 20 ]•m(H 2 O)•n(THF) (5). The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by Raman, IR, and optical absorption spectroscopy. The thermal stability and magnetic behavior of the compounds were also examined. Variations in the synthetic conditions led to notable differences in the structural units observed in the solid state. At low H 2 O/THF ratios, a tetranuclear oxo bridged [U 4 O 2 ] core was isolated. Aging of this solution resulted in the formation a U 38 oxo cluster capped by chloro and water ligands. However, at increasing water concentrations only hexanuclear units were observed. In all cases, at temperatures of 100-120 °C, UO 2 nanoparticles formed.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization and Rationalization of Microstructural Evolution in GRCop-84 Processed by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

In this study, prismatic geometries of GRCop-84 [Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at. pct)] were built with laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The samples were sectioned parallel or perpendicular to the build direction and characterized in the as-built and after post-processing with a hot-isostatically pressing (HIP) treatment. The microstructure and phase evolutions were evaluated with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) up to 1223 K. The samples in the as-built conditions exhibited predominantly columnar epitaxial and misoriented Cu-FCC grains. The microstructure evolutions are discussed based on locations within the overall build geometry, the dynamics of small melt pool shape and sectioning effects. The above grain structure did not change significantly during post-process HIP treatment. The stability of this FCC grain structure is attributed to the formation of primary stable Cr 2 Nb (Laves phase) during L-PBF, even before the emergence of FCC grains from liquid. The stability of Cr 2 Nb in both as-built and HIPed samples were evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and compared with that of gas-atomized powder. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to aerospace applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Hot Rolling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nitrogen Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steel

In the present investigation, the effect of multi-pass hot rolling in the temperature range of 700–1000 °C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel was studied with the aid of optical microscopy, tensile testing and x-ray diffraction measurements. The microstructural changes that occurred in the hot rolled specimens were elongation of grains in rolling direction, nucleation of new grains at the grain boundaries of elongated grains and growth of nucleated grains to form fully recrystallized grains. Elongated grains formed at lower rolling temperature (700–800 °C) due to inadequate strain/temperature for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization. At higher rolling temperature (900–1000 °C), fine grains formed due to dynamic recrystallization. Tensile properties showed strong dependency on the rolling temperature. Tensile strength increased with the decrease in the rolling temperature at the cost of ductility. Maximum strength was observed in samples hot rolled at 700 °C with yield strength of 917 MPa and ductility of 25%. This variation in the tensile properties with the rolling temperature is attributed to changes in the dislocation density and grain structure. The estimated yield strength from the dislocation density, solid solution and grain boundary strengthening closely matched with experimentally determined yield strength confirming the role of dislocation density and grain size in the strengthening.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of high temperature preoxidation treatment on the oxidation behavior of MoSi 2 - and WSi 2 –Al 2 O 3 composites

Composites of 30 vol% MoSi 2 -70 vol% Al 2 O 3 and 30 vol% WSi 2 -70 vol% Al 2 O 3 were prepared via sintering at 1600 °C in argon. The high-temperature preoxidation treatments were applied at 1000°-1200 °C for 10–120 min in air. The non-isothermal oxidation tests were conducted in air at temperatures ranging between 50° and 870 °C to study and understand the influence of the alumina phase and preoxidation process on the low-temperature oxidation behavior. The optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface layers formed. The oxidation-induced mass gains were substantially reduced by 82.1–99.8%, implying their enhanced oxidation resistance. This was due to the formation of highly dense, protective surface layers with a sufficient thickness (3.1–14.2 μm). The structural and surface analyses revealed their complex chemistries, since the ternary (Mo–Si–Al, W–Si–Al) intermetallic, mullite, alumina and silica phases with high oxidation resistances were identified within these surface features. In addition, the high-temperature electrical properties of the composites were highly preserved after the preoxidation treatment, and their electrical conductivities were measured as 45.1–78.6 S/cm at 800 °C and 40.1–69.1 S/cm at 900 °C.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Phase stability and microstructure of neutron-irradiated substoichiometric yttrium dihydrides

The impact of the neutron-displacement damage on phase stability and microstructure of substoichiometric yttrium dihydrides (YH x , x <2) were investigated to assess their use as solid moderator in high-temperature nuclear reactors. YH x specimens were, thus, subjected to neutron irradiations in the range of 0.1–2 displacements per yttrium atom (dpa-Y) in the temperature range of 536–878°C at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). YH x specimens were initially prepared at stoichiometry (H/Y) ratios of 1.69 and 1.83. HFIR-irradiated specimens were characterized by variety of techniques to investigate H retention characteristics including dimensional analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and high-energy x-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) characterizations. Overall, YH x exhibited notable structural and phase stability under short-term neutron-irradiation, except for the samples with significant silicon carbide (SiC) interaction at high doses and temperatures. Basic dimensional and mass measurements were misleading for accurate assessment of H retention, as confirmed by EBSD phase maps, XRD line profiles, and TDS signals. Thus, it was discussed that a robust H retention metric is needed to assess irradiated hydrides. Further, nanoscale cavities were observed as a result of the neutron irradiation in all samples. Although no clear impact of dose and irradiation temperature was determined, the initial H/Y ratio had an impact on the cavity number density where low H/Y specimens had high-resistance to cavity formation. The Y-vacancy cluster formation at the collision stage of the displacement cascade and their stabilization by H were considered to be the likely underlying mechanisms for the observed cavity microstructure.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effects of porosity on corrosion resistance of Mg alloy foam produced by powder metallurgy technology

Magnesium alloy foams have the potential to serve as structural material for regular light-weight applications as well as for biodegradable scaffold implants. However, their main disadvantage relates to the high reactivity of magnesium and consequently their natural tendency to corrode in regular service conditions and in physiological environments. The present study aims at evaluating the effect of porosity on the corrosion resistance of MRI 201S magnesium alloy foams in 0.9% NaCl solution and in phosphate buffer saline solution as a simulated physiological electrolyte. The magnesium foams were produced by powder metallurgy technology using space-holding particles to control the porosity content. Machined chips were used as raw material for the production of Mg alloy powder by milling process. The microstructure of the foams was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization analysis. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the porosity has a significant effect on the corrosion resistance of the tested foams. Foams with 14–19% porosity have a corrosion rate of 4–10 mcd and 7–15 mcd in NaCl and phosphate buffer saline solution, respectively, compared to only 0.10 mcd for the same alloy in as cast conditions. This increased corrosion degradation of the Mg foams by more than one order of magnitude compared to the cast alloy may limit their potential application in regular and physiological environments. - Highlights: • Porosity has a detrimental effect on corrosion resistance of MRI 201S Mg foams. • 14–19% porosity increases the corrosion rate by more than one order of magnitude. • Accelerated corrosion limits the use of foams in regular/physiological environments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Cooling thermal parameters and microstructure features of directionally solidified ternary Sn–Bi–(Cu,Ag) solder alloys

Low temperature soldering technology encompasses Sn–Bi based alloys as reference materials for joints since such alloys may be molten at temperatures less than 180 °C. Despite the relatively high strength of these alloys, segregation problems and low ductility are recognized as potential disadvantages. Thus, for low-temperature applications, Bi–Sn eutectic or near-eutectic compositions with or without additions of alloying elements are considered interesting possibilities. In this context, additions of third elements such as Cu and Ag may be an alternative in order to reach sounder solder joints. The length scale of the phases and their proportions are known to be the most important factors affecting the final wear, mechanical and corrosions properties of ternary Sn–Bi–(Cu,Ag) alloys. In spite of this promising outlook, studies emphasizing interrelations of microstructure features and solidification thermal parameters regarding these multicomponent alloys are rare in the literature. In the present investigation Sn–Bi–(Cu,Ag) alloys were directionally solidified (DS) under transient heat flow conditions. A complete characterization is performed including experimental cooling thermal parameters, segregation (XRF), optical and scanning electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and length scale of the microstructural phases. Experimental growth laws relating dendritic spacings to solidification thermal parameters have been proposed with emphasis on the effects of Ag and Cu. The theoretical predictions of the Rappaz-Boettinger model are shown to be slightly above the experimental scatter of secondary dendritic arm spacings for both ternary Sn–Bi–Cu and Sn–Bi–Ag alloys examined. - Highlights: • Dendritic growth prevailed for the ternary Sn–Bi–Cu and Sn–Bi–Ag solder alloys. • Bi precipitates within Sn-rich dendrites were shown to be unevenly distributed. • Morphology and preferential region for the Ag{sub 3}Sn growth depend on Ag content and Ṫ{sub L}. • Rappaz-Boettinger model reasonably estimated the experimental scatter of λ{sub 2}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Analysis of colorimetry using the CIE-L*a*b* system and the photocatalytic activity of photochromic films

Highlights: • The films containing fibers were efficient in the degradation of methyl orange dye. • Doping of TiO{sub 2} with W allowed the band gap reduction of TiO{sub 2}. • The photochromism observed in the films was due to the synchronicity between oxides. • The films exhibited variations between colors, and different reflectance levels. - Abstract: This work aims to explain how oxide films are correlated when exposed to UV-A radiation, due to the occurrence of similar phenomena. Thus, thin films of TiO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} doped with H{sub 2}WO{sub 4} or Na{sub 2}WO{sub 4}·2H{sub 2}O were made by spin-coating, heat treated between 650 and 800 °C and evaluated for their optical and photocatalytic properties. The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to determine the crystalline structure of the films. The photochromism was observed through a spectrophotometer using the CIE-Lab colorimetric method. The analysis of the films photocatalytic behavior was obtained following the photodegradation in 125 ml of methyl orange dye (20 ppm). The results showed that the films presented good photochromic and photocatalytic properties due to the synchronization between the chemical and physical properties of TiO{sub 2} and tungsten.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗