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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,297 records · Page 72
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Initial framework for engineering-scale statistical creep-fatigue modeling

This report describes the integration of new solid and interface-cohesive mechanics systems into MOOSE. The purpose of these new systems is to support the ability of MOOSE to run full-field crystal plasticity finite element method simulations of key material processes in high temperature metallic materials. These simulations could be used to help accurately predict the performance of key high temperature structural materials in future advanced nuclear reactor components. Previous work implemented preliminary versions of many of these systems in MOOSE Apps. The current work reports on their integration into the main MOOSE tensor mechanics module along with associated improvements to the basic formulations and numerical implementations. Finally, the report provides an example of the full-field crystal plasticity simulations now possible in MOOSE, including examples of realistic geometries requiring millions of degrees of freedom to resolve the microstructural features and macroscale geometry.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Engineered Barrier System Research Activities at LBNL (FY2020 Progress Report)

The design of a radioactive waste repository typically involves a multi-barrier system, including the natural barrier system (NBS), i.e., the host rock and its surrounding subsurface environment, and an engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS is to be constructed from the man-made, engineered materials placed within a repository. The repository includes the waste form, waste canisters, buffer materials, backfill, and seals. The most common buffer material for EBS is compacted bentonite, which features low permeability and high retardation of radionuclides. Extensive studies concerning the behavior of bentonite backfill in crystalline and argillite/shale geologic environments for nuclear waste disposal have been conducted by means of laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, and large-scale in situ tests in Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) in Switzerland, France, Belgium, and Japan. This report includes the results of LBNL’s research activities conducted according to the objectives and scope of the work packages “SF-20LB01030802 Engineered Barrier System R&D - LBNL” and “SF-20LB01030806 Engineered Barrier System International Collaborations - LBNL” of the Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) (formerly called Used Fuel Disposal) Campaign of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy. LBNL research studies included laboratory scale tests and modeling of the evolution of the EBS bentonite and associated coupled processes, and impacts of high temperature on parameters and processes relevant to the performance of crystalline and argillite repositories, including the evaluation of the technical basis for applying the maximum allowable temperature. The results of these studies are being addressing the technical elements necessary to evaluate the EBS design concepts. Emphasis is on the study of thermal, mechanical, and chemical processes that influence the performance of EBS, and the development of modeling capability for reliable assessment of these processes, and ultimately supporting the development of the GDSA model with detailed coupled THMC process models.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2013

Session 6: Dynamic Modeling and Systems Analysis

These presentations cover some of the ongoing work in dynamic modeling and dynamic systems analysis. The first presentation discusses dynamic systems analysis and how to integrate dynamic performance information into the systems analysis. The ability to evaluate the dynamic performance of an engine design may allow tradeoffs between the dynamic performance and operability of a design resulting in a more efficient engine design. The second presentation discusses the Toolbox for Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS). T-MATS is a Simulation system with a library containing the basic building blocks that can be used to create dynamic Thermodynamic Systems. Some of the key features include Turbo machinery components, such as turbines, compressors, etc., and basic control system blocks. T-MAT is written in the Matlab-Simulink environment and is open source software. The third presentation focuses on getting additional performance from the engine by allowing the limit regulators only to be active when a limit is danger of being violated. Typical aircraft engine control architecture is based on MINMAX scheme, which is designed to keep engine operating within prescribed mechanical/operational safety limits. Using a conditionally active min-max limit regulator scheme, additional performance can be gained by disabling non-relevant limit regulators

control↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of an engineering model traveling wave tube amplifier for space communication systems

A design has been made of a 100 watt traveling-wave tube amplifier for use in space communication applications. The features of very high overall efficiency and heat rejection of waste heat at low thermal densities were predominant in the design concept. The design concept was proven by building a series of tubes, operating at efficiencies up to 50%. These tubes utilized heat pipe cooling and heat distribution such that 150 watts of waste heat was rejected at a density of less than 1.5 watts per square inch. A power supply to convert a 28 volt primary line of the needs of the TWT was built and operated at 85% efficiency.

Eallonardo, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Measuring Ada as a software development technology in the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL)

An experiment is in progress to measure the effectiveness of Ada in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center flight dynamics software development environment. The experiment features the parallel development of software in FORTRAN and Ada. The experiment organization, objectives, and status are discussed. Experiences with an Ada training program and data from the development of a 5700-line Ada training exercise are reported.

Agresti, W. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

On optimal design for the blade-root/hub interface in jet engines

Two major problems identified with the design of the blade-root/hub interface are discussed. The first is the so-called friction contact problem which has two special features: unilateral contact and Coulomb's friction. One of the difficulties in this problem is that the portions of contact and sticking/sliding surfaces are not known a priori. The second is the shape optimization problem which is characterized either by the minimization of the maximum contact pressure or by the minimization of the equivalent stress on the boundary. Design variables are the shapes of the blade-root and the hub. It is noted that friction contact and shape optimization problems are strongly coupled in the present design problem.

Kikuchi, N.↗
NASA NTRS1988

X-ray spectroscopy of the SSME plume

In order to examine the potential of using SSME exhaust plume radiation in the soft X-ray spectrum as an early warning system of imminent engine failure, a low cost, low risk experiment was devised. An approach was established, equipment was leased, the system was installed and checked out, and data were successfully acquired demonstrating the proof-of-concept. One spectrum measurement of the SSME plume was acquired during a 300 second burn on the A-1 Test Stand. This spectrum showed a prominent, line emission feature at about 34.5 KeV, a result which was not expected, nor can it be explained at this time. If X-ray spectra are to be useful as a means of monitoring nominal engine operation, it will be necessary to explore this region of the EM spectrum in greater detail. The presence of structure in the spectrum indicates that this technology may prove to be useful as an engine health monitoring system.

Olive, Dan F.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Harnessing Aromatic‐Histidine Interactions through Synergistic Backbone Extension and Side Chain Modification

Abstract Peptide engineering efforts have delivered drugs for diverse human diseases. Side chain alteration is among the most common approaches to designing new peptides for specific applications. The peptide backbone can be modified as well, but this strategy has received relatively little attention. Here we show that new and favorable contacts between a His side chain on a target protein and an aromatic side chain on a synthetic peptide ligand can be engineered by rational and coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension. Side chain modification alone was unsuccessful. Binding measurements, high‐resolution structural studies and pharmacological outcomes all support the synergy between backbone and side chain modification in engineered ligands of the parathyroid hormone receptor‐1, which is targeted by osteoporosis drugs. These results should motivate other structure‐based designs featuring coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension to enhance the engagement of peptide ligands with target proteins.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Harnessing Aromatic‐Histidine Interactions through Synergistic Backbone Extension and Side Chain Modification

Abstract Peptide engineering efforts have delivered drugs for diverse human diseases. Side chain alteration is among the most common approaches to designing new peptides for specific applications. The peptide backbone can be modified as well, but this strategy has received relatively little attention. Here we show that new and favorable contacts between a His side chain on a target protein and an aromatic side chain on a synthetic peptide ligand can be engineered by rational and coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension. Side chain modification alone was unsuccessful. Binding measurements, high‐resolution structural studies and pharmacological outcomes all support the synergy between backbone and side chain modification in engineered ligands of the parathyroid hormone receptor‐1, which is targeted by osteoporosis drugs. These results should motivate other structure‐based designs featuring coordinated side chain modification and backbone extension to enhance the engagement of peptide ligands with target proteins.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

ECNet is an evolutionary context-integrated deep learning framework for protein engineering

Abstract Machine learning has been increasingly used for protein engineering. However, because the general sequence contexts they capture are not specific to the protein being engineered, the accuracy of existing machine learning algorithms is rather limited. Here, we report ECNet (evolutionary context-integrated neural network), a deep-learning algorithm that exploits evolutionary contexts to predict functional fitness for protein engineering. This algorithm integrates local evolutionary context from homologous sequences that explicitly model residue-residue epistasis for the protein of interest with the global evolutionary context that encodes rich semantic and structural features from the enormous protein sequence universe. As such, it enables accurate mapping from sequence to function and provides generalization from low-order mutants to higher-order mutants. We show that ECNet predicts the sequence-function relationship more accurately as compared to existing machine learning algorithms by using ~50 deep mutational scanning and random mutagenesis datasets. Moreover, we used ECNet to guide the engineering of TEM-1 β-lactamase and identified variants with improved ampicillin resistance with high success rates.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Gene editing and CRISPR in the clinic: current and future perspectives

Genome editing technologies, particularly those based on zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat DNA sequences)/Cas9 are rapidly progressing into clinical trials. Most clinical use of CRISPR to date has focused on ex vivo gene editing of cells followed by their re-introduction back into the patient. The ex vivo editing approach is highly effective for many disease states, including cancers and sickle cell disease, but ideally genome editing would also be applied to diseases which require cell modification in vivo. However, in vivo use of CRISPR technologies can be confounded by problems such as off-target editing, inefficient or off-target delivery, and stimulation of counterproductive immune responses. Current research addressing these issues may provide new opportunities for use of CRISPR in the clinical space. In this review, we examine the current status and scientific basis of clinical trials featuring ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-based genome editing, the known limitations of CRISPR use in humans, and the rapidly developing CRISPR engineering space that should lay the groundwork for further translation to clinical application.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modular cell-free expression plasmids to accelerate biological design in cells

Industrial biotechnology aims to produce high-value products from renewable resources. This can be challenging because model microorganisms—organisms that are easy to use like Escherichia coli—often lack the machinery required to utilize desired feedstocks like lignocellulosic biomass or syngas. Non-model organisms, such as Clostridium, are industrially proven and have desirable metabolic features but have several hurdles to mainstream use. Namely, these species grow more slowly than conventional laboratory microbes, and genetic tools for engineering them are far less prevalent. To address these hurdles for accelerating cellular design, cell-free synthetic biology has matured as an approach for characterizing non-model organisms and rapidly testing metabolic pathways in vitro. Unfortunately, cell-free systems can require specialized DNA architectures with minimal regulation that are not compatible with cellular expression. In this work, we develop a modular vector system that allows for T7 expression of desired enzymes for cell-free expression and direct Golden Gate assembly into Clostridium expression vectors. Utilizing the Joint Genome Institute’s DNA Synthesis Community Science Program, we designed and synthesized these plasmids and genes required for our projects allowing us to shuttle DNA easily between our in vitro and in vivo experiments. We next validated that these vectors were sufficient for cell-free expression of functional enzymes, performing on par with the previous state-of-the-art. Lastly, we demonstrated automated six-part DNA assemblies for Clostridium autoethanogenum expression with efficiencies ranging from 68% to 90%. We anticipate this system of plasmids will enable a framework for facile testing of biosynthetic pathways in vitro and in vivo by shortening development cycles.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transforming Energy Through Computational Excellence: A View From NREL

At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)—a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory—computational science, high-performance computing, applied mathematics, advanced computer science, visualization, and data play a pivotal role in advancing energy abundance, affordability, security, and reliability. From fundamental scientifc discovery to systems engineering and analysis, NREL researchers tackle market-relevant challenges to develop solutions for an independent energy system that is reliable, resilient and secure. Collaborative partnerships with industry, government, and academia ensure that our research remains cutting edge, impactful, applicable, and aligned with real-world energy needs. This special issue of Computing in Science & Engineering highlights exemplary NREL projects where computational tools and methodologies drive discovery and accelerate innovation in scalable and integrated energy systems. The featured articles explore the role of computational modeling, high-performance computing, generative AI, and adaptive computing in advancing independent energy solutions, optimizing sustainability research, and enhancing decision-making for energy solutions using a broad mix of energy technologies. Here, these contributions demonstrate how NREL’s computational research bridges the gap between theoretical advancements and practical implementation, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and a commitment to innovation, with a focus on translating computational excellence into real-world impact, thus accelerate progress toward national energy goals. By showcasing cutting-edge research at the intersection of computational science and energy systems, this issue aims to inspire and inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to shaping a more reliable energy future.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Machine learning methods for weather forecasting

SAND2025-14466O This repository contains code for developing, training, and evaluating machine learning models for weather and climate forecasting, including forecast skill assessment, feature importance analysis, and reproducible workflows for model comparison. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Holthuijzen, Maike [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA),↗
DOE OSTI2023

High-density SSiC 3D-printed Lattices for Compact HTHP Aero-engine Recuperators

The proposed project utilizes advanced ceramic-based 3D-printing technology to develop light, low-cost, ultra-compact, high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) heat exchangers (HX) for the harsh oxidizing environment of aircraft gas-turbine engines. Typical 3D printing technologies (powder bed or lithographic techniques) cannot produce large high-density, monolithic ceramic material with intricate internal features and channels required for high-temperature, high-pressure recuperators. Furthermore, typical 3D printing technologies are not yet economical for large high-density components. A high-density material is required for hermeticity, high-temperature strength, and oxidation, corrosion, and wear resistance. The team has invented an extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology (referred to as robocasting) and developed processing techniques to tailor composition and rheological mix properties for rapid 3D printing of high-density alumina and SiC parts. The goal of the proposed project is to use robocasting technology to demonstrate commercializable high-density 3D-printed ceramic HX modules with high durability and quality, thereby reducing the risk of thermo-mechanical failure under extreme environments. In addition, the proposed project improves the quality of the ceramic 3D-printing process over a large printed area and HTHP operating conditions. Ceramic 3D printing technology also provides a means to create advanced topologies that are unobtainable with conventional manufacturing.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Leadership at Interfaces: Capitalizing on the "Gaps" in Science, Technology and Education [Slides]

Leadership in the scientific enterprise is most commonly exemplified by those who commandeer major discoveries and critical breakthroughs that expand boundaries, naturally underpinning a competitive spirit among peers in the field. However, many other leadership opportunities exist at the interfaces of such boundaries - as well as at the interfaces of scientific disciplines, classes of professions and across generations - and may enable alternative guiding philosophies that are intrinsically less prone to competition and saturation, and perhaps appreciation. This presentation features a personal reflection of scientific and leadership philosophies that were intentionally manifested at, and by, irreplaceable interfaces of human creativity. Reaction engineering, an increasingly vanishing discipline within chemical engineering, is emphasized as a manifestation of interfacial leadership and serves as a vehicle to trace pivotal career moments in both the speaker's scientific discoveries and in his relational values within human enterprises.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1978

New languages for numerical software

Existing languages for numerical software are not altogether satisfactory. FORTRAN, even preprocessed, has troublesome limitations. Unfortunately, proposed replacements are discouragingly large, or omit essential features like variably dimensioned arrays and FORTRAN capability. A new language was designed to include such crucial features, but otherwise be as small as possible. This language, called T, includes: indention to indicate block structure, novel loop syntax, and engineering format for real constants. By preprocessing into PL/1, implementation cost was kept low.

Grosse, E.↗