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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

The Simons Observatory Microwave SQUID Multiplexing Detector Module Design

Advances in cosmic microwave background(CMB)science depend on increasing the number of sensitive detectorsobserving the sky. New instruments deploy large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor(TES)bolometers tileddensely into ever larger focal planes. High multiplexing factors reduce the thermal loading on the cryogenic receivers andsimplify their design. We present the design of focal-plane modules with an order of magnitude higher multiplexingfactor than has previously been achieved with TES bolometers. We focus on the novel cold readout component, whichemploys microwave SQUID multiplexing(μmux). Simons Observatory will use 49 modules containing 70,000bolometers to make exquisitely sensitive measurements of the CMB. We validate the focal-plane module design,presenting measurements of the readout component with and without a prototype detector array of 1728 polarization-sensitive bolometers coupled to feedhorns. The readout component achieves a 95% yield and a 910 multiplexing factor.The median white noise of each readout channel is 65pA Hz. This impacts the projected SO mapping speed by<8%,which is less than is assumed in the sensitivity projections. The results validate the full functionality of the module. Wediscuss the measured performance in the context of SO science requirements, which are exceeded.

Heather McCarrick↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

An Evaluation of Composite Primary Structure for Habitat Modules

Boeing studied the use of composite structures in deep space habitats. Compared to metallic modules, composite structures offer increased strength and stiffness with reduced mass. The study evaluated the design considerations and the mass benefits of an all composite primary structure. The composite module design included a continuous pressure shell, composite longerons, and circumferential ring frames. The composite material selected was a high strength carbon fiber and epoxy slit tape prepreg. The manufacturing involved automated fiber placement and utilizing existing facilities and autoclaves. Analysis showed a 33% reduction in primary structure mass and an overall net reduction of nearly 1900 kg compared to metallic modules. The composite module demonstrated improved mass efficiency and opens new possibilities for mission performance in deep space exploration.

Composite↗
DOE OSTI2016

Information processing systems, reasoning modules, and reasoning system design methods

Information processing systems, reasoning modules, and reasoning system design methods are described. According to one aspect, an information processing system includes working memory comprising a semantic graph which comprises a plurality of abstractions, wherein the abstractions individually include an individual which is defined according to an ontology and a reasoning system comprising a plurality of reasoning modules which are configured to process different abstractions of the semantic graph, wherein a first of the reasoning modules is configured to process a plurality of abstractions which include individuals of a first classification type of the ontology and a second of the reasoning modules is configured to process a plurality of abstractions which include individuals of a second classification type of the ontology, wherein the first and second classification types are different.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) smart charging module

A smart charging system for charging a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) includes an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) configured to supply electrical power to the PEV through a smart charging module coupled to the EVSE. The smart charging module comprises an electronic circuitry which includes a processor. The electronic circuitry includes electronic components structured to receive electrical power from the EVSE, and supply the electrical power to the PEV. The electronic circuitry is configured to measure a charging parameter of the PEV. The electronic circuitry is further structured to emulate a pulse width modulated signal generated by the EVSE. The smart charging module can also include a first coupler structured to be removably couple to the EVSE and a second coupler structured to be removably coupled to the PEV.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Method for calibration-free scanned-wavelength modulation spectroscopy for gas sensing

A method of calibration-free scanned-wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) absorption sensing is provided by obtaining absorption lineshape measurements of a gas sample on a sensor using 1f-normalized WMS-2f where an injection current to an injection current-tunable diode laser (TDL) is modulated at a frequency f, where a wavelength modulation and an intensity modulation of the TDL are simultaneously generated, extracting using a numerical lock-in program and a low-pass filter appropriate band-width WMS-nf (n=1, 2, . . . ) signals, where the WMS-nf signals are harmonics of the f, determining a physical property of the gas sample according to ratios of the WMS-nf signals, determining the zero-absorption background using scanned-wavelength WMS, and determining non-absorption losses using at least two of the harmonics, where a need for a non-absorption baseline measurement is removed from measurements in environments where collision broadening has blended transition linewidths, where calibration free WMS measurements without knowledge of the transition linewidth is enabled.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Integration of microinverter with photovoltaic module

Various technologies for integrating a microinverter with a photovoltaic module are disclosed. An alternating current photovoltaic (ACPV) module includes a photovoltaic module having a frame and a junction box including a direct current (DC) output connector, and a microinverter having a housing coupled to the frame and a DC input connector electrically mated with the DC output connector of the photovoltaic module.

Gilchrist, Phil↗
DOE OSTI2018

Coherent radar receiver that comprises a sigma delta modulator

Described herein are various technologies relating to processing a coherent signal. A receiver is configured to receive an analog signal, and process the analog signal to generate an input analog signal. The input analog signal has been modulated according to a suitable modulation sequence. A coherent signal sampler coherently samples the modulation sequence, and the result of such sampling is in turn used to demodulate the input analog signal. The resultant signal is then passed to a sigma delta modulator, where it is converted to digital form.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2019

The International Supply Chain and Manufacturing Costs for Photovoltaic Modules, and Project Economics of Systems Including Storage

This talk will highlight the most recent efforts from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Strategic Energy Analysis Center (SEAC) to track solar PV manufacturing capacities and trade flows, bottom-up manufacturing costs, and project capital costs including storage. We will begin with an overview of the global PV supply chain and the 2019 benchmark input data used to inform NREL's crystalline silicon (c-Si) and thin film module manufacturing cost models. The accounting framework that we follow and that will be reviewed during this talk provides a methodology to prepare cost models in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). For the polysilicon, wafer, cell conversion, and module assembly steps of the c-Si supply chain, and for thin film modules, we will review input data and methods useful for calculating the costs of goods sold (COGS); research and development (R&D) expenses; and sales, general, and business administration (S, G, &A) expenses. This 2019 benchmark analysis is compiled for state-of-the-art polysilicon-to-module manufacturing across the globe. We will also provide an overview of opportunities for solar plus storage and show our 2018 benchmark bottom-up capital cost model results for utility-scale PV systems with battery storage.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Edge reflector or refractor for bifacial solar module

One embodiment relates to a bifacial photovoltaic module having an edge reflector. The module includes a plurality of solar cells in an array, each solar cell having a front side and a back side. A reflector is configured on an edge of the array of solar cells, the first reflector being configured to reflect light onto the front side of a row of solar cells adjacent to the edge. Another embodiment relates to a method of reducing non-uniformity of power generation from a bifacial photovoltaic module. Electrical current produced from solar cells along at least one edge of the array is increased by using a reflective strip facing towards the front side of the solar cells along the edge. Another embodiment relates to a bifacial photovoltaic module having an edge refractor. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.

Rose, Douglas H.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Development of a Marx Modulator for FNAL Linac

A Marx-topology modulator has been designed and developed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). This modulator replaces the previous triode hard-tube design, increasing reliability, lowering operational costs, and maintaining waveform accuracy. The Marx modulator supplies the anode of the 7835 VHF power triode tube with a 35 kV, 375 Amp, 460 μs pulse at 15 Hz. It consists of 54 individual Marx cells, each containing a 639 μF capacitor charged to 900 Volts, combined in series with IGBT switches to create the desired output waveform. This requires variable rise and fall times, flattening of capacitive droop, and feedforward beam loading compensation. All five 201.25 MHz RF systems have been upgraded to Marx modulators to ensure continued operation of the linear accelerator.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Development of a Marx Modulator for FNAL Linac

A Marx-topology modulator has been designed and developed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP). This modulator replaces the previous triode hard-tube design, increasing reliability, lowering operational costs, and maintaining waveform accuracy. The Marx modulator supplies the anode of the 7835 VHF power triode tube with a 35 kV, 375 Amp, 460 µs pulse at 15 Hz. It consists of 54 indi-vidual Marx cells, each containing a 639 µF capacitor charged to 900 Volts, combined in series with IGBT switches to create the desired output waveform. This requires variable rise and fall times, flattening of capaci-tive droop, and feedforward beam loading compensation. All five 201.25 MHz RF systems have been upgraded to Marx modulators to ensure continued operation of the linear accelerator.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Structural frame and solar collector module

Solar collector modules and techniques for their construction are disclosed. In one aspect, a solar collector module includes a reflector and a three-dimensional structural frame that supports the reflector. The structural frame includes a set of primary structural shapes and a set of axial frame members connected between corners of the primary structural shapes forming helical paths for the transmission of torque from one end of the structural frame to the other. In another aspect, a method for assembling a solar collector module includes pre-assembling part of the module.

Eisinger, Joseph↗
DOE OSTI2016

Comparison between 1.7 kV SiC SJT and MOSFET Power Modules

Abstract— In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation work on 1.7 kV SiC Super Junction Transistor (SJT) power module and 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET power modules is presented. Both device static and dynamic performance is extracted and compared at wide device current range and temperature range. The data presented in this paper can be used as input for medium voltage power conversion system power transistor selection, gate drive design and system level thermal management design. Since the SiC SJT is a new power transistor with unique current driven mechanism. A dedicated section discusses the SiC SJT power module gate drive configuration and device false turn on suppress as well. In a summary, 1.7 kV SiC SJT shows superior on state conductivity, but similar switching performance compared to 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET power modules.

gate drive↗
DOE OSTI2020

Passive bias temperature compensation circuit module

A passive bias temperature compensation module for silicon photomultiplier, avalanche photodiodes and similar photodetectors that possess a moderately linear temperature coefficient of gain and that may be compensated by varying an applied bias voltage. The module includes an electrical circuit and a method for determining component values to provide a constant voltage source to stabilize the gain of one or more photodetector devices. A temperature sensor in the module is held in close thermal contact with the photodetector and a filter capacitor is electrically close to the photodetector. The module is based on the concept of temperature sensitive voltage division which is applicable to situations in which large numbers of photodetectors must be gain-compensated for temperature variations over a wide range while maintaining excellent gain matching. The passive bias temperature compensation method enables multiple photodetectors to share a single constant voltage supply without loss of matching performance.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Constraining the Charge-Sign and Rigidity-Dependence of Solar Modulation

Our ability to identify the sources of cosmic rays and understand how these particles propagate through the interstellar medium is hindered by the combined effects of the solar wind and its embedded magnetic field, collectively known as solar modulation. In this paper, we build upon our previous work to model and constrain the effects of solar modulation on the cosmic-ray spectrum, using data from AMS-02 and BESS Polar II collected between 2007 and 2012, during which the heliospheric magnetic field was in a state of negative polarity. Our model uses measurements of the heliospheric magnetic field and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet to accurately predict the effects of solar modulation as a function of time, charge, and rigidity. By incorporating data from a period of negative polarity, we have been able to robustly observe and constrain the charge-dependent effects of solar modulation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Method and apparatus of surface-incident, plasmon-enhanced multiple quantum well modulators and optical coupling thereon

An optical interconnect system has first and second waveguides each with wedge-shaped cross-section at a first end, disposed over an optical modulator. The optical modulator is a surface-plasmon multi quantum well (SP-MQW) modulator, the first waveguide an input waveguide and the second waveguide configured an output waveguide. In embodiments the SP-MQW modulator has multiple semiconductor layers disposed atop a lower metal layer between 10 and 300 nanometers thick and configured such that incident light is reflected at the lower metal layer unless a voltage is applied to the semiconductor layers, when incident light is coupled into a surface plasmon mode in the lower metal layer.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Field Reliability of Glass/Glass Modules

A review of literature indicates that there will be a 20% increase in utilization of glass/glass PV modules by 2023. Common degradation modes reported in literature of glass/glass modules are: Encapsulant delamination, Encapsulant browning, corrosion and glass cracks. There is a strong need to investigate the reliability of glass/glass modules in detail to identify and overcome any potential failures in the future constructions. This work presents a preliminary literature review on the reliability of old generation glass/glass modules in the field.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Systems and methods for reworking shingled solar cell modules

A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells arranged in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. Removing a defective solar cell from a super cell may be difficult, however. It may therefore be advantageous to bypass defective solar cells in a super cell rather than remove and replace them. A bypass conductor may be applied to the rear surface of the super cell to bypass one or more defective solar cells in a super cell or in a solar module comprising super cells.

Caswell, Nathaniel Alexis↗