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At least 1,279 records · Page 71
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

C-5 Electrical Substation (SWMU 066) Performance Monitoring Report

The C-5 Electrical Substation (C5ES) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) operated electrical power substation located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. This facility has been designated Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 066 under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action program. This Performance Monitoring Report (PMR) presents the Interim Measure (IM) activities, including baseline sampling, air sparge system construction and operation, and performance monitoring, that were completed to remediate chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOC) in groundwater exceeding the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) natural attenuation default concentrations (NADC).

Andrew Scott Starr↗
DOE OSTI2024

Precision Measurements of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor to High Momentum Transfer using Durand's Method

Protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons, along with electrons, constitute the funda- mental building blocks of the visible universe. Understanding their internal structure is crucial for addressing key scientific questions about our origin and existence. Elastic electron-nucleon scatter- ing provides insights into the spatial distributions of charge and current within nucleons through their electromagnetic form factors. Accurate knowledge of these form factors over a broad range of Q2, the squared four-momentum transfer in the scattering process, reveals details about the nucleon’s internal structure. However, high-Q2 data of the nucleon electromagnetic form factor is scarce due to the challenges associated with such measurements. This thesis reports preliminary results from high-precision measurements of the neutron magnetic form factor (Gn M ) to unprecedented Q2 using Durand’s method, also known as the “ratio” method. Systematic errors are greatly reduced by extracting Gn M from the ratio of neutron-coincident (D(e, e'n)) to proton-coincident (D(e, e'p)) quasi-elastic electron scattering from deuteron. The scattered electrons were detected in the BigBite spectrometer, which features multiple Gas Elec- tron Multiplier (GEM) layers with large active area for high-precision tracking at very high rates. Simultaneous nucleon detection was performed by the Super BigBite spectrometer, which utilizes a dipole magnet with large solid angle acceptance at forward angles and a novel hadron calorimeter with very high and comparable detection efficiencies for both protons and neutrons. This setup could handle very high luminosity, making high-Q2 measurements feasible. Data were collected at five Q2 points: 3, 4.5, 7.4, 9.9, and 13.6 (GeV/c)2. Preliminary results are reported for all, with the lowest two Q2 points in good agreement with existing world data, while the higher points significantly extend the Q2 range in which Gn M is known accurately. The precision of the highest Q2 point is expected to remain unmatched for years to come.

Datta, Provakar↗
DOE OSTI2024

Accelerating the Discovery of New, Single Phase High Entropy Ceramics via Active Learning

High-entropy ceramics have garnered interest due to their remarkable hardness, compressive strength, thermal stability, and fracture toughness; yet the discovery of new high-entropy ceramics (out of a tremendous number of possible elemental permutations) still largely requires costly, inefficient, trial-and-error experimental and computational approaches. The entropy forming ability (EFA) factor was recently proposed as a computational descriptor that positively correlates with the likelihood that a 5-metal high-entropy carbide (HECs) will form the desired single phase, homogeneous solid solution; however, discovery of new compositions is computationally expensive. If you consider 8 candidate metals, the HEC EFA approach uses 49 optimizations for each of the 56 unique 5-metal carbides, requiring a total of 2744 costly density functional theory calculations. Here, we describe an orders-of-magnitude more efficient active learning (AL) approach for identifying novel HECs. To begin, we compared numerous methods for generating composition-based feature vectors (e.g., magpie and mat2vec), deployed an ensemble of machine learning (ML) models to generate an average and distribution of predictions, and then utilized the distribution as an uncertainty. Here we then deployed an AL approach to extract new training data points where the ensemble of ML models predicted a high EFA value or was uncertain of the prediction. Our approach has the combined benefit of decreasing the amount of training data required to reach acceptable prediction qualities and biases the predictions toward identifying HECs with the desired high EFA values, which are tentatively correlated with the formation of single phase HECs. Using this approach, we increased the number of 5-metal carbides screened from 56 to 15,504, revealing 4 compositions with record-high EFA values that were previously unreported in the literature. Our AL framework is also generalizable and could be modified to rationally predict optimized candidate materials/combinations with a wide range of desired properties (e.g., mechanical stability, thermal conductivity).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Overlooked Potential of Sulfated Zirconia: Reexamining Solid Superacidity Toward the Controlled Depolymerization of Polyolefins

Closed-loop recycling via an efficient chemical process can help alleviate the global plastic waste crisis. However, conventional depolymerization methods for polyolefins, which compose more than 50% of plastics, demand high temperatures and pressures, employ precious noble metals, and yield complex mixtures of products limited to single-use fuels or oils. Superacidic sulfated zirconia (SZrO) with Hammet Acidity Functions (H 0 ) = -12 (i.e., stronger than 100% H 2 SO 4 ) is an industrially deployed heterogeneous catalyst capable of activating hydrocarbons under mild conditions and is shown to decompose polyolefins at ambient pressure and temperatures near 200 °C. Additionally, confinement of active sites in porous supports is known to radically increase selectivity, coking and sintering resistance, and acid site activity, presenting a possible approach to low-energy polyolefin depolymerization. However, a critical examination of the literature on SZrO led us to a surprising conclusion: despite 40 years of catalytic study, engineering, and industrial use, the surface chemistry of SZrO is poorly understood. Ostensibly spurred by SZrO's impressive catalytic activity, the application-driven study of SZrO has resulted in deleterious ambiguity in requisite synthetic conditions and insufficient characterization of acidity, porosity, and active site structure. Here, this ambiguity has produced significant knowledge gaps surrounding the synthesis, structure, and mechanisms of hydrocarbon activation for optimized SZrO, stunting the potential of this catalyst in olefin cracking and other industrially relevant reactions, such as isomerization, esterification, and alkylation. Toward mitigating these long extant issues, we herein identify and highlight these current shortcomings and knowledge gaps, propose explicit guidelines for characterization of and reporting on characterization of solid acidity, and discuss the potential of pore-confined superacids in the efficient and selective depolymerization of polyolefins.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Physiological Adaptations to Progressive Endurance Exercise Training in Adult and Aged Rats: Insights from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC)

While regular physical activity is a cornerstone of health, wellness, and vitality, the impact of endurance exercise training on molecular signaling within and across tissues remains to be delineated. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established to characterize molecular networks underlying the adaptive response to exercise. Here, we describe the endurance exercise training studies undertaken by the Preclinical Animal Sites Studies component of MoTrPAC, in which we sought to develop and implement a standardized endurance exercise protocol in a large cohort of rats. To this end, Adult (6-mo) and Aged (18-mo) female (n = 151) and male (n = 143) Fischer 344 rats were subjected to progressive treadmill training (5 d/wk, ~70%–75% VO 2 max) for 1, 2, 4, or 8 wk; sedentary rats were studied as the control group. A total of 18 solid tissues, as well as blood, plasma, and feces, were collected to establish a publicly accessible biorepository and for extensive omics-based analyses by MoTrPAC. Treadmill training was highly effective, with robust improvements in skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity in as little as 1–2 wk and improvements in maximum run speed and maximal oxygen uptake by 4–8 wk. For body mass and composition, notable age- and sex-dependent responses were observed. This work in mature, treadmill-trained rats represents the most comprehensive and publicly accessible tissue biorepository, to date, and provides an unprecedented resource for studying temporal-, sex-, and age-specific responses to endurance exercise training in a preclinical rat model.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1999

New Generation Lidar Technology and Applications

Lidar has been a tool for atmospheric research for several decades. Until recently routine operational use of lidar was not known. Problems have involved a lack of appropriate technology rather than a lack of applications. Within the last few years, lidar based on a new generation of solid state lasers and detectors have changed the situation. Operational applications for cloud and aerosol research applications are now well established. In these research applications, the direct height profiling capability of lidar is typically an adjunct to other types of sensing, both passive and active. Compact eye safe lidar with the sensitivity for ground based monitoring of all significant cloud and aerosol structure and the reliability to operate full time for several years is now in routine use. The approach is known as micro pulse lidar (MPL). For MPL the laser pulse repetition rate is in the kilohertz range and the pulse energies are in the micro-Joule range. The low pulse energy permits the systems to be eye safe and reliable with solid state lasers. A number of MPL systems have been deployed since 1992 at atmospheric research sites at a variety of global locations. Accurate monitoring of cloud and aerosol vertical distribution is a critical measurement for atmospheric radiation. An airborne application of lidar cloud and aerosol profiling is retrievals of parameters from combined lidar and passive sensing involving visible, infrared and microwave frequencies. A lidar based on a large pulse, solid state diode pumped ND:YAG laser has been deployed on the NASA ER-2 high altitude research aircraft along with multi-spectral visible/IR and microwave imaging radiometers since 1993. The system has shown high reliability in an extensive series of experimental projects for cloud remote sensing. The retrieval of cirrus radiation parameters is an effective application for combined lidar and passive sensing. An approved NASA mission will soon begin long term lidar observation of atmospheric structure from space. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) of the Earth Observing System is scheduled for deployment in the 2001 time frame. GLAS is both a cloud and aerosol lidar and a surface altimeter, principally for monitoring of polar ice sheets. The GLAS instrument is based on all solid state lasers operating at 40 Hz and high efficiency, solid state detectors. The design lifetime is three to five years. Data from the GLAS mission is expected to revolutionize some aspects of our understanding of the global distribution of cloud and aerosols for global climate prediction.

Spinhirne, James D.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Efficient Hybrid Actuation Using Solid-State Actuators

Piezohydraulic actuation is the use of fluid to rectify the motion of a piezoelectric actuator for the purpose of overcoming the small stroke limitations of the material. In this work we study a closed piezohydraulic circuit that utilizes active valves to rectify the motion of a hydraulic end affector. A linear, lumped parameter model of the system is developed and correlated with experiments. Results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts the filtering of the piezoelectric motion caused by hydraulic compliance. Accurate results are also obtained for predicting the unidirectional motion of the cylinder when the active valves are phased with respect to the piezoelectric actuator. A time delay associated with the mechanical response of the valves is incorporated into the model to reflect the finite time required to open or close the valves. This time delay is found to be the primary limiting factor in achieving higher speed and greater power from the piezohydraulic unit. Experiments on the piezohydraulic unit demonstrate that blocked forces on the order of 100 N and unloaded velocities of 180 micrometers/sec are achieved.

Leo, Donald J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dissolution of Fluoride Salts in Hanford Tank Waste

The Direct Feed High-Level Waste (DFHLW) strategy seeks to bypass the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Pretreatment Facility while retaining some processing functions to maximize waste feed loading and minimize high-level waste (HLW) waste volume. The DFHLW flowsheet needs leaching, washing, and solids concentration operations either in new or existing tanks. The effectiveness and efficiency of sludge washing has a substantial impact on DST space, mission duration, and the evaporation and low-activity waste (LAW) treatment operations required by these large wash-water additions. One target species requiring washing is fluoride. The HLW glass composition limits for fluorine drive operations to dissolve fluoride-bearing salts into the LAW fraction and thereby maximize waste loading in HLW glass. The fluoride in many high-level wastes at Hanford is predominantly in the form of fluoride-salt precipitates: villiaumite (NaF), kogarkoite (Na 3 FSO 4 ), and natrophosphate (Na 7 F(PO 4 ) 2 ·19H 2 O). Fluoride produces melter off-gas that creates corrosion risk in the off-gas system piping, while the sulfate and phosphate in the fluoride double salts kogarkoite and natrophosphate can be detrimental to glass waste loading. Fluoride salts are sparingly soluble, with solubilities ranging from approximately 40 to 130 kg per kL of pure water, and the dissolution kinetics of the three fluoride salts are not well known. Unexpected delays in a tank dissolution process could be encountered as a result of the lack of information about dissolution rates. In addition, if the double salts show transient non-stoichiometric dissolution of fluoride versus phosphate or sulfate, unexpectedly high concentrations of one of these other constituents could be produced. Washington River Protection Solutions authorized Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to collect the available data for fluoride salt dissolution rate, provide a scoping estimate of dissolution time if possible, and identify gaps in the understanding and predictive capability for estimating dissolution time. Open literature and Hanford reports were reviewed to document, understand, and (where possible) evaluate limitations on fluoride salt equilibria and dissolution kinetics, including both mass transport and surface reaction rate. Scoping estimates of dissolution time were made for mass-transfer-controlled dissolution of spherical particles of fluoride salts suspended in liquid. This is not the only potential governing mechanism; dissolution could be substantially slower if the surface reaction rate (the rate of release of ions from the surface) is the controlling mechanism. When the minimum amount of water for complete dissolution is used and the slip velocity between the liquid and suspended particles is less than or equal to the terminal settling velocity, the estimated mass-transfer rates allow 0.1 mm particles of fluoride salt to dissolve in minutes at 25 °C in water containing no other dissolved salts. Much larger solids, such as the 6-mm chunks that have been seen in heels, could take a few hours to more than a week to dissolve. The actual dissolution times will depend strongly on the actual slip velocity, the extent of particle suspension, constraint by surface reaction rates, the ratio of solvent to solid, and the presence of common ions that shift the solubility equilibria to restrict dissolution of fluoride salts.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Recovery from Fermentation Broth through Novel Downstream Processing: Technoeconomic Analysis

This study develops and validates a simplified, fully solvent-free downstream processing (DSP) strategy for high-purity recovery of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from real fermentation broth containing 62.3 g/L of 3-HP. Optimized activated carbon treatment achieved 98% color removal, while Amberlite IRA-67 was operated at pH 4.5 and 30 °C to minimize product loss. This is the first integrated demonstration of a fully solvent-free DSP enabling recovery of bio-based 3-HP as both a solid sodium salt and a concentrated aqueous solution, supported by techno-economic analysis. At lab scale, the process achieved 77.3% recovery of sodium 3-HP with 83.2% (w/w) purity and produced a 30% (w/v) aqueous solution. Techno-economic analysis yielded minimum selling prices of $0.551/kg for the solution and $0.892/kg for the salt, both below target thresholds for cost-competitive bio-acrylic acid production. Overall, these results demonstrate an efficient, scalable, and economically viable industrial pathway for 3-HP recovery.

Bioproducts↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quantifying the effects of artificial aging on the ignition and self-propagating reactions of Ni(V)/Al multilayers

Bimetallic, reactive multilayers are uniformly structured materials composed of alternating nanoscale layers that may be ignited to produce self-propagating intermetallic-formation reactions. When reactive multilayers age, there is a change in local composition and loss of stored chemical energy due to mass transport and rearrangement at the interfaces. Here, to quantify the long-term reliability of commercial Ni(V)/Al multilayers, the effects of accelerated aging on both ignition sensitivity and self-propagating reactions have been examined. Thermally aged samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and laser ignition combined with high-speed videography. The analytically quantifiable nature of both continuous wave laser ignition and reactive wave propagation enabled calculations of Arrhenius rate constants for as-received and various heat-treated multilayers. With heat treatment, there is a change in the intermixed thickness and interfacial chemistry that decreases the activation energy for point ignition but increases it for self-propagating reactions. This finding implies that with increased thermal aging, the reaction becomes easier to facilitate in the solid state but harder in the liquid phase.

Energetic material↗
DOE OSTI2020

Progress in metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells: A review

There is increasing global interest in using solid oxide electrochemical cells to perform electrolysis. Metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells (MS-SOEC) are being developed with stainless steel and Ni-based supports. Additionally, the use of porous metal to support the electrochemically-active layers is anticipated to improve mechanical strength, decrease cost, and increase tolerance to aggressive operating conditions, including rapid thermal excursions. This review summarizes and analyzes the previous decade of progress in MS-SOEC development, and identifies critical needs for future work.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Engineering surface segregation of perovskite oxide through wet exsolution for CO catalytic oxidation

Cation segregation occurring near the surface or interfaces of solid catalysts plays an important role in catalytic reactions. Unfortunately, the native surface of perovskite oxides is dominated by passivated A-site segregation, which severely hampers the catalytic activity and durability of the system. To address this issue, we present a wet exsolution method to reconstruct surface segregation in perovskite cobalt oxide. Here, under reduction etching treatment of glycol solution, inert surface Sr segregation was transformed into active Co 3 O 4 segregation. By varying the reaction time, we achieved differing coverage of the active Co 3 O 4 segregation on the La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3-δ (LSCO) perovskite oxide surface. This study reveals that CO oxidation activity exhibits a volcano-shaped dependence on the coverage of Co 3 O 4 segregation at the surface of a perovskite cobalt oxide. Furthermore, we find that a suitable coverage of Co 3 O 4 segregation can dramatically improve the catalytic activity of the perovskite catalyst by enhancing interface interactions. Co K-edge, Co L-edge, and O K-edge X-ray absorption spectra confirm that the synergistic effect optimizes the covalence of the metal-oxygen bond at the surface and interface. This work not only contributes to the design of perovskite-type catalysts, but also provides important insight into the relationship between surface segregation and catalytic activity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiscale Electrochemomechanics Interaction and Degradation Analytics of Sn Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a strong contender among the beyond lithium-ion chemistries due to elemental abundance and the low cost of sodium. Tin (Sn) is a promising alloying electrode with high capacity, redox reversibility, and earth abundance. Tin electrodes, however, undergo a series of intermediate reactions exhibiting multiple voltage plateaus upon sodiation/desodiation. Phase transformations related to incomplete sodiation in tin during cycling, in the presence of a frail solid electrolyte interphase layer, can quickly weaken the structural stability. The structural dynamics and reactivity of the electrode/electrolyte interface, being further dependent on the size and morphology of the active material particle in the presence of different electrolytes, dictate the electrode degradation and survivability during cycling. Here, we paint a comprehensive picture of the underpinnings of the electrochemical and mechanics coupling and electrode/electrolyte interfacial interactions in alloying Sn electrodes. We elicit the fundamental role of electrode/electrolyte complexations in the Sn electrode structure-property-performance relationship based on multimodal analytics, including electrochemical, microscopy, and tomography analyses.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Physicochemical Heterogeneity in Silicon Anodes from Cycled Lithium-Ion Cells

The severe capacity fade of lithium-ion cells with silicon-dominant anodes has hindered their widescale commercialization. In this work, we link cell capacity fade to the heterogeneous physicochemical evolution of silicon anodes during battery cycling. Through a multi-length scale characterization approach, we demonstrate that silicon particles near the anode surface react differently than those near the copper current collector. In particular, near the anode surface we find an amorphized wispy silicon encased in a highly fluorinated matrix of electrolyte-reduction products. In contrast, closer to the current collector, the silicon retains more of its initial morphology and structure, suggesting the presence of isolated particles. Here, the results show that accessibility of active silicon to lithium-ions varies across the anode matrix. Material and cell designs, which minimize electrode expansion resulting from the in-filling of pores with the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), are needed to enhance anode homogeneity during the electrochemical cycling.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Inhibiting ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase counteracts prostate cancer immune checkpoint blockade resistance

Solid tumours are highly refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies due to the functional impairment of effector T cells and their inefficient trafficking to tumours. T-cell activation is negatively regulated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK); however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that the conserved oncogenic tyrosine kinase Activated CDC42 kinase 1 (ACK1) is able to phosphorylate CSK at Tyrosine 18 (pY18), which enhances CSK function, constraining T-cell activation. Mice deficient in the Tnk2 gene encoding Ack1, are characterized by diminished CSK Y18-phosphorylation and spontaneous activation of CD 8+ and CD 4+ T cells, resulting in inhibited growth of transplanted ICB-resistant tumours. Furthermore, ICB treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients results in re-activation of ACK1/pY18-CSK signalling, confirming the involvement of this pathway in ICB insensitivity. An ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, recapitulates inhibition of ICB-resistant tumours, which provides evidence for ACK1 enzymatic activity playing a pivotal role in generating ICB resistance. Overall, our study identifies an important mechanism of ICB resistance and holds potential for expanding the scope of ICB therapy to tumours that are currently unresponsive.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

High-performance Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxide with in situ exsolved nanoparticles for direct CO 2 electrolysis

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the principal greenhouse gases accountable for global warming and extreme climate changes. Electrochemically converting CO 2 into carbon monoxide (CO) is a promising approach for CO 2 utilization in achieving industrial decarbonization. High-temperature CO 2 electrolysis via solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has great potential, including high-energy efficiency, fast electrode kinetics, and competitive cost; however, this technology still has challenges associated with developing highly active, robust CO 2 electrodes for SOECs. We report novel Ruddlesden–Popper structured Pr 1.2 Sr 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.6 O 4–δ (RP-PSMF) with in situ exsolved Fe nanoparticles as the CO 2 electrode in SOECs for direct CO 2 conversion to CO. The mechanism of CO 2 electrolysis is studied by using the distribution of relaxation times method from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3–δ (LSGM)-electrolyte supported SOECs with the RP-PSMF cathode have achieved exceptionally high current densities of 2.90, 1.61, 0.91, and 0.48 A·cm –2 at an applied voltage of 1.5 V at 800, 750, 700, and 650 °C, respectively. Moreover, SOECs with the RP-PSMF cathode have exhibited a stable electrolysis performance for 100 h under a current cycling operation. Here, these results suggest that RP-PSMF with exsolved Fe nanoparticles is a highly promising cathode for high-temperature direct CO 2 electrolysis cells.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Compromise of Personal Protective Clothing from Liquid Exposure

Following critiques of multiple personal contamination events from entries into the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source transfer bay, it was considered that the most likely causes for contamination were personal protective clothing doffing errors or that moisture (sweat) allowed contamination to wick through the protective clothing. To pursue this issue, radiological protection staff looked more closely, however, at the specific area of the clothing where contamination was highest; under enhanced lighting and photochromic manipulation, there appeared to have been some type of moisture in the area. Recognizing the possibility that moisture may have allowed for migration of contamination through the clothing, further experiments were undertaken to determine under which conditions this transport might have occurred. The objective for this work was to identify the susceptibility of different types of personal protective clothing to various liquids encountered in the workplace.Method: Several tests were performed to determine if perspiration had enabled migration of contamination, and to identify what other liquids might have affected contamination transport. Two layers of personal protective clothing were subjected to static conditions and dynamic conditions, to include active rubbing of the materials while wet. Food dye added to each of the liquids tested enabled visual indications of liquid breakthrough. Additional tests were conducted to see if solid contamination could be transported through the materials along with the liquids. As a result, it was found that all but one type of non-rubberized personal protective clothing in use at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were permanently compromised to some extent by the solvents used for decontamination. It was determined that most common cleaning agents immediately and permanently destroyed the hydrophobic nature of several of the splash-resistant protective clothing materials, allowing for radioactive contamination to penetrate through the material to the worker. Work around wet surfaces or performing wet decontamination will only be performed in protective clothing known to prevent transport of the wetting agent.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Characterization of Infrequent Samples from the Concentration, Storage, and Transfer Facility: F-Area Pump Pit 3 (FPP-3) Sump Sample: December 2021 Sample

In December 2021, SRR-E sent an ~185 mL sample identified as FPP-3 from a F-Area pump pit sump to SRNL for analysis. The sample was pale yellow in color and contained a small amount of suspended solids visually estimated to be less than 1% by volume. SRNL analysis indicated that the sample contained 4.4 E+05 dpm/mL Cs-137, 6.2 E+05 dpm/mL total beta activity, 9.3 E+02 dpm/mL beta activity following cesium removal, and below detectable levels of alpha activity following cesium removal. In addition, the sample contained 0.015 M free OH- and 947 μg total organic carbon/mL.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗