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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Sample Processing Instrumentation to Enable Lab-like Analysis of Lipids, Hydrocarbons, and Kerogen in situ

Introduction: Over the last decade, our team based out of NASA Ames Research Center has made advances in fluidic technologies to enable laboratory-grade processes in space environments. More recently, we have designed and developed two instruments that utilize sample processing steps to extract and purify organic molecules that are key targets in the search for life. The first instrument targets soluble lipids and hydrocarbons that have been preserved in soil or rock material for millions to billions of years called ExCALiBR (Extractor for Chemical Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Regolith). The second instrument called KAMELOT (Kerogen and Macromolecule Extractor Liberating Organics Thermolytically) targets kerogen or insoluble macromolecular material that reside in the residue left behind after solvent extraction. Together, these instruments can be coupled to existing flight sample acquisition and analytical instrumentation (e.g., mass spectrometers) to achieve our overall science goal of identifying molecular patterns and features that are diagnostic of how the organic matter was synthesized, either through biological or non-biological processes.

Mary Beth Wilhelm↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Field and Lab Testing With Trident Drill to Help Prepare for Future Missions

Field work with instrumentation and technologies that are planned for flight missions is an important means to gain understanding that improves mission performance. This paper reports on results from field workin lunar analog volcanic terrain using an engineering model of the Honeybee Robotics TRIDENT (The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploration of New Terrains)drill[1]. TRIDENT is a rotary percussive 1-meter class drill that is carried on the PRIME-1and VIPER (Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover)[2] missions to the moon scheduled to launch in 2024. A similar drilling system was planned for the proposed IcebreakerDiscovery class mission to Mars[3]and the Mars Life Explorer mission recommended by the 2020 Decadal Survey of planetary science[4].The field work objectives were (1) to use data collected by the drill for operational purposes as a probe of subsurface material properties in formations that are analogous to those that may be encountered on planetary surfaces; (2) to correlate subsurface structures deduced by drilling with those inferred from interpretations ofGround Penetrating Radar (GPR)data

C R Stoker↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Communication Delays in Cislunar Space: A Lab Study Examining Human System Integration Architecture (HSIA) and Team Risk Concerns

BACKGROUND: Communication delays are an inherent challenge of space missions to the Moon and beyond. Past research studies showed that 50+ second delays adversely affected individual well-being, team cohesion, and overall task performance (Kintz et al., 2016; Larson et al., 2019). However, there is a dearth of research on the effects of shorter delays (on the order of 4-12 seconds one-way) that may present a more immediate challenge during the upcoming Artemis missions. Even these shorter delays could make it difficult or infeasible for ground control to provide real-time support to Artemis astronauts, especially in complex and time-critical tasks such as extra-vehicular activities (EVAs). Results from studies on longer or Mars-like delays cannot be directly applied to Artemis-like delays, due to the large differences in delay magnitude and task types between these mission categories. For example, real-time oversight and guidance from ground control is impossible under Mars-like delays but may be performed under Artemis-like delays, albeit with potentially high workload and communication difficulty. Thus, a better understanding of the effects of Artemis-like communication delays on collaborative task performance is needed. Additionally, there is a need to develop reliable task paradigms that can be used in future studies on communication delays. METHODS: This project will study the effects of Artemis-like communication delays on collaborative task performance in a simulated space-to-ground team task via a lunar Gateway-like interface prototype. Teams of two astronaut-like participants - one serving as “crewmember” and one as “flight controller” - will perform a spaceflight-relevant task under six delay conditions (i.e., 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 seconds). Audio, video, texting, and file transfer will be delayed between the participants to mimic lunar-like communication delays. Measures related to workload, situation awareness, system usability, task performance, team cohesion, well-being, and communication strategies will be collected. These measures will be compared across delay levels, participant roles, and off-nominal and nominal tasks. Participants will be given the choice to use any combination of video and text communication in order to study preferences in interaction modality. RESEARCH AIMS: One aim is to identify a delay level or range of levels at which there may be significant decrements in individual and team-based measures. Identifying such ranges may help design novel workload management or communication countermeasures for future space missions. Also, the spaceflight-relevant research tasks and corresponding communication delay technology developed as part of this effort may be used for future studies on communication delays. Results from this work are also expected to inform study scenarios in the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) Campaign.

S Upasani↗
DOE OSTI2012

The proton form factor ratio results from Jefferson Lab

The ratio of the proton form factors, GE p/GMp, has been measured extensively, from Q2 of 0.5 GeV2 to 8.5 GeV2, at the Jefferson Laboratory, using the polarization transfer method. This ratio is extracted directly from the measured ratio of the transverse and longitudinal polarization components of the recoiling proton in elastic electron-proton scattering. The polarization transfer results are of unprecedented high precision and accuracy, due in large part to the small systematic uncertainties associated with the experimental technique. There is an approved experiment at JLab, GEP(5), to continue the ratio measurements to 12 GeV2. A dedicated experimental setup, the Super Bigbite Spectrometer (SBS), will be built for this purpose. It will be equipped with a focal plane polarimeter to measure the polarization of the recoil protons. The scattered electrons will be detected in an electromagnetic calorimeter. In this presentation, I will review the status of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors and discuss a number of theoretical approaches to describe nucleon form factors.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

The DVCS program in Hall A at Jefferson Lab

The DVCS Hall A/JLab experiments aim at providing data relevant to the '3-D structure of the nucleon' exploration by measuring precise absolute cross sections in the Deep Exclusive domain. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off the nucleon is the simplest process which is sensitive to the Generalized Parton Distribution functions. Currently, the DVCS in Hall A program is articulated in three steps. The first generation of experiments showed the power of precise measurement of absolute cross sections to test factorization of the DVCS amplitude. The second generation of experiments (data under analysis) will separate (at twist-2 order) all of the terms making up the unpolarized cross section. And the third generation of experiments (data to be taken with the 12 GeV beam at JLab) will provide measurements over an extended kinematic range. In this conference proceeding, the status of the DVCS in Hall A/JLab program is reviewed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

US Department of Energy National Lab Activities in Marine Hydrokinetics: Machine Performance Testing

Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) technology performance testing in the laboratory and field supports the US Department of Energy s MHK program goals to advance the technology readiness levels of MHK machines, to ensure environmentally responsible designs, to identify key cost drivers, and to reduce the cost of energy of MHK technologies. Laboratory testing results from scaled model machine testing at the University of Minnesota s St. Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) main channel flume are presented, including simultaneous machine power and inflow measurements for a 1:10 scale three-bladed axial flow turbine used to assess machine performance in turbulent flows, and detailed measurements of inflow and wake flow velocity and turbulence, including the assessment of the effects of large energetic organized vortex shedding on machine performance and wake turbulence downstream. Scaled laboratory testing provides accurate data sets for near- and far-field hydrodynamic models, and useful information on technology and environmental readiness levels before full-scale testing and demonstration in open water. This study validated turbine performance for a technology in order to advance its technology readiness level. Synchronized ADV measurements to calculate spatio-temporal characteristics of turbulence supported model development of the inflow turbulence model, Hydro-TurbSim, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate unsteady loading on MHK machines. Wake flow measurements supported model development of the far-field model, SNL-EFDC, developed by Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) to optimize spacing for MHK machine arrays.

acoustic Doppler profiler↗
DOE OSTI2012

Data acquisition system of Moeller polarimeter Hall A Jefferson Lab (in Russian)

The structure, parameters and test results of a new data acquisition system for Moller polarimeter based on flash-ADC are presented. Flash-ADC is electronic module in VME format that consists of high-speed multichannel ADC piped type and FPGA unit on board. The use of flash-ADC has a lot of advantages: reduce of cable interconnections, events registration with higher rate, considerable decreases of system deadtime and, as result, the accuracy of polarization measurements is increases.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Brookhaven Lab: Science Happens Here

From a World War I U.S. Army base to a world-renowned center of high-tech research: See how our site and our science has evolved to meet the challenges of the 21st Century.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Boosting Big National Lab Data

Introduction: Big data. Love it or hate it, solving the world’s most intractable problems requires the ability to make sense of huge and complex sets of data and do it quickly. Speeding up the process – from hours to minutes or from weeks to days – is key to our success. One major source of such big data are physical experiments. As many will know, these physical experiments are commonly used to solve challenges in fields such as energy security, manufacturing, medicine, pharmacology, environmental protection and national security. Experiments use different instruments and sensor types to research for example the validity of new drugs, the base cause for diseases, more efficient energy sources, new materials for every day goods, effective methods for environmental cleanup, the optimal ingredients composition for chocolate or determine how to preserve valuable antics. This is done by experimentally determining the structure, properties and processes that govern biological systems, chemical processes and materials. The speed and quality at which we can acquire new insights from experiments directly influences the rate of scientific progress, industrial innovation and competitiveness. And gaining new groundbreaking insights, faster, is key to the economic success of our nations. Recent years have seen incredible advances in sensor technologies, from house size detector systems in large experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider and the ‘Eye of Gaia’ billion pixel camera detector to high throughput genome sequencing. These developments have led to an exponential increase in data volumes, rates and variety produced by instruments used for experimental work. This increase is coinciding with a need to analyze the experimental results at the time they are collected. This speed is required to optimize the data taking and quality, and also to enable new adaptive experiments, where the sample is manipulated as it is observed, e.g. a substance is injected into a tissue sample and the gradual effect is observed as more of the substance is injected, providing better insights into the natural processes that are occurring, as well as result driven sampling adjustment to capture particularly interesting features --- as they emerge. The Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is recognized for it’s expertise in the development of new measurement techniques and their application to challenges of national importance. So it was obvious to us to address the need for in-situ analysis of large scale experimental data. We have a wide range of experimental instruments on site, in facilities such as DOE’s national scientific user facility, the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). Commonly, scientists would create an individual analysis pipeline for each of those instruments; but even the same type of instrument would not necessarily share the same analysis tools. With the rapid increase of data volumes and rates we were facing two key challenges: how to bring a wider set of capabilities to bear to achieve in-situ analysis, and how to do so across a wide range of heterogeneous instruments at affordable costs and in a reasonable timeframe. We decided to take an unconventional approach to the problem, rather than developing customized, one-off solutions for specific instruments we wanted to explore if a more common solution could be found that would go beyond shared, basic infrastructures such as data movement and workflow engines.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗