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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Optical-phonon-mediated photocurrent in terahertz quantum-well photodetectors

Strong and sharp photocurrent peak at longitudinal optical (LO) phonon frequency (8.87 THz) is found in GaAs/(Al,Ga)As terahertz quantum-well photodetectors (QWPs). Two mesa-structure terahertz QWPs with and without one-dimensional metal grating are fabricated to investigate the behavior of such photoresponse peak. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the photocurrent peak originates from a two-step process. First, at the LO phonon frequency, a large number of non-equilibrium LO phonons are excited by the incident electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic energy is localized and enhanced in the thin multi-quantum-well layer. Second, through the Frohlich interaction, the localized electrons are excited to continuum states by absorbing the non-equilibrium LO phonons, which leads to the strong photoresponse peak. This finding is useful for exploring strong light-matter interaction and realizing high sensitive terahertz photodetectors.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectra of surface plasmon polariton enhanced electroluminescence from electroformed Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes

Narrow band-pass filters have been used to measure the spectral distribution of electroluminescent photons with energies between 1.8 eV and 3.0 eV from electroformed Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes with anodic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thicknesses between 12 nm and 18 nm. Electroforming of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes is a non-destructive dielectric breakdown that results in a conducting channel in the insulator and changes the initial high resistance of the MIM diode to a low resistance state. It is a critical step in the development of resistive-switching memories that utilize MIM diodes as the active element. Electroforming of Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes in vacuum results in voltage-controlled negative resistance (VCNR) in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Electroluminescence (EL) and electron emission into vacuum (EM) develop simultaneously with the current increase that results in VCNR in the I-V characteristics. EL is due to recombination of electrons injected at the Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} interface with radiative defect centers in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Measurements of EL photons between 1.8 eV and 3.0 eV using a wide band-pass filter showed that EL intensity is exponentially dependent on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thickness for Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes between 12 nm and 20 nm thick. Enhanced El intensity in the thinnest diodes is attributed to an increase in the spontaneous emission rate of recombination centers due to high electromagnetic fields generated in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} when EL photons interact with electrons in Ag or Al to form surface plasmon polaritons at the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag or Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al interface. El intensity is a maximum at 2.0–2.2 eV for Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thicknesses between 12 nm and 18 nm. EL in diodes with 12 nm or 14 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} is enhanced by factors of 8–10 over EL from a diode with 18 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The extent of EL enhancement in the thinnest diodes can vary significantly between samples. A narrow band of recombination centers was found in one Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diode with 12 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}; it had EL intensity 100 times greater at 2.15 eV than the diode with 18 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. EL intensity for photons with energies greater than 2.6 eV is nearly the same for all diodes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effects on Structure’s Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness Considering Penetrating Cables Coupling Energy from HEMP Event

The threat of weaponized electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a serious factor in defining power system resilience. Without adequate knowledge regarding the interaction between EMP and power system infrastructure, system personnel may be unable to plan for and operate during an EMP event and major blackouts could occur. This work studies the interaction between EMP and structures, specifically analyzing the shielding effectiveness of buildings emulating power generation facilities. The main focus is to determine how penetrating cables affect the structure’s shielding effectiveness. Several cable parameters including height above ground, radius, termination configuration, and length are analyzed via computational electromagnetic simulations. Results demonstrated penetrating cables can significantly diminish a structure’s shielding effectiveness, especially the electric field. Length of cable is the most influential parameter.

Mignardot, David↗
DOE OSTI2023

Parallel Grid-Forming Inverter-Driven Black Start: Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation: Preprint

With power systems encountering increasing deployment levels of inverter-based resources (IBRs), system restoration using grid-forming (GFM) IBRs has gained attention. Engineered to establish grid voltages in the absence of a stiff grid, black-start-capable GFM IBRs are expected to enhance power system resilience by playing a critical role in bottom-up system restoration. This paper experimentally studies the feasibility of the novel approach through power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) testing and validation with a commercial GFM inverter. The PHIL test setup demonstrates an inverter-driven black start of a 5-MW unbalanced distribution feeder where two GFM inverters collectively black start the feeder: one is a commercial hardware GFM inverter interacting through the PHIL interface, and the other is a software GFM emulated by a real-time simulation with full electromagnetic transient (EMT) models. Both GFM inverters are equipped with negative-sequence voltage control to suppress the voltage imbalance resulting from the unbalanced loading, allowing us to study the dynamic interactions between the GFMs with their control parameters unknown. To evaluate the dynamic behavior of the GFM inverters under the entire black-start process, the EMT model of the distribution system details the transformer and motor dynamics to emulate their inrush and startup behaviors. It abstracts conventional grid-connected inverter dynamics, i.e., grid-following inverters. Oscilloscope measurements of the hardware GFM inverter are also presented for critical steps. Takeaways for further study and field deployment are provided.

grid-forming inverter↗
DOE OSTI2013

Charge-changing particle-hole excitation of {sup 16}N and {sup 16}F nuclei

The nuclear structure of {sup 16}N (closed shell + ν − π) and {sup 16}F (closed shell + π − ν) nuclei is studied using particle-hole proton-neutron Tamm-Dancoff Approximation pn TDA and particle-hole proton-neutron Random Phase Approximation pn RPA. The particle-hole Hamiltonian of PSD model space is to be diagonalized in the presence of the PSDMWKPN interaction: for P-space the Cohen-Kurath interaction, for SD-space the Wildenthal Interaction, for the coupling matrix elements between P- and SD-spaces the Millener-Kurath interaction is used, spurious components were eliminated with CM contribution. The results containing energy level schemes and electromagnetic transition strength are compared with the available experimental data.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Recent advances in Multi-Channel Algebraic Scattering

For coupled-channel descriptions of low-energy nucleon-induced interactions involving nuclei with particle-unstable exited states, it is necessary to include the widths of the target states. How those widths may affect the elastic scattering cross sections is examined within the framework of the Multi-Channel Algebraic Scattering (MCAS) method.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Inclusive Search for Anomalous Single-Photon Production in MicroBooNE

We present an inclusive search for anomalous production of single-photon events from neutrino interactions in the MicroBooNE experiment. The search and its signal definition are motivated by the previous observation of a low-energy excess of electromagnetic shower events from the MiniBooNE experiment. We use the Wire-Cell reconstruction framework to select a sample of inclusive single-photon final-state interactions with a final efficiency and purity of 7.0% and 40.2%, respectively. We leverage simultaneous measurements of sidebands of charged current 𝜈 𝜇 interactions and neutral current interactions producing 𝜋 0 mesons to constrain signal and background predictions and reduce uncertainties. We perform a blind analysis using a dataset collected from February 2016 to July 2018, corresponding to an exposure of 6.34 × 10 20 protons on target from the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. In the full signal region, we observe agreement between the data and the prediction, with a goodness-of-fit 𝑝 value of 0.11. We then isolate a subsample of these events containing no visible protons, and observe 93 ± 22⁢(stat) ±35⁢(syst) data events above prediction, corresponding to just above 2⁢𝜎 local significance, concentrated at shower energies below 600 MeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Coherent frequency combs from electrons colliding with a laser pulse

Highly coherent and powerful light sources capable of generating soft x-ray frequency combs are essential for high precision measurements and rigorous tests of fundamental physics. In this work, we derive the analytical conditions required for the emission of coherent radiation from an electron beam colliding with a laser pulse, modeled as a plane wave. These conditions are applied in a series of numerical simulations, where we show that a soft x-ray frequency comb can be produced if the electrons are regularly-spaced and sufficiently monoenergetic. High quality beams of this kind may be produced in the near future from laser-plasma interactions or linear accelerators. Furthermore, we highlight the advantageous role of employing few-cycle laser pulses in relaxing the stringent monoenergeticity requirements for coherent emission. The conditions derived here can also be used to optimize coherent emission in other frequency ranges, such as the terahertz domain.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

EIT Based Gas Detector Design by Using Michelson Interferometer

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is one of the interesting phenomena of light-matter interaction which modifies matter properties for propagation of light. In other words, we can change the absorption and refractive index (RI) in neighborhood of the resonant frequency using EIT. In this paper, we have doped 3-level quantum dots in one of the Michelson Interferometer's mirror and used EIT to change its RI. So, a controllable phase difference between lights in two arms of interferometer is created. Long response time is the main drawback of Michelson interferometer based sensor, which is resolved by this technique.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

The nucleon-nucleon system in chiral effective theory

I discuss the conditions under which the application of chiral perturbation theory to the NN potential gives reliable results for NN scattering phase shifts. {sub {chi}P}T also yields a convergent expansion for the deuteron charge operator. For cutoffs <1 GeV, this produces precise predictions for deuterium's quadrupole and charge form factors in the range Q{sup 2}<0.25 GeV{sup 2}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1981

Wave-particle interactions at the magnetopause - Contributions to the dayside aurora

The observations on ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 correlate the presence of intense electromagnetic and electrostatic emissions with enhanced fluxes of 1-6 keV electrons at the earth's magnetopause. The measured proton to electron ratio in the 1-10 keV energy range indicates the presence of substantial fluxes of electrons at energies below 1 keV. The 1.3-1.7 keV proton flux was essentially unchanged as the spacecraft moved from the magnetosheath into the wave-particle layer at and inside the magnetopause. The consequences of the magnetopause wave-particle interactions reported are consistent with the known features of the dayside aurora.

Tsurutani, B. T.↗
DOE OSTI2011

Femtosecond pulse shaping using plasmonic snowflake nanoantennas

We have theoretically demonstrated femtosecond pulse manipulation at the nanoscale using the plasmonic snowflake antenna's ability to localize light over a broad spectrum. To analyze the interaction of the incident femtosecond pulse with the plasmonic nanoantenna, we first decompose the diffraction limited incident femtosecond pulse into its spectral components. The interaction of each spectral component with the nanoantenna is analyzed using finite element technique. The time domain response of the plasmonic antenna is obtained using inverse Fourier transformation. It is shown that the rich spectral characteristics of the plasmonic snowflake nanoantenna allow manipulation of the femtosecond pulses over a wide spectrum. Light localization around the gap region of the nanoantenna is shown for femtosecond pulses. As the alignment of incident light polarization is varied, different antenna elements oscillate, which in turn creates a different spectrum and a distinct femtosecond response.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Detecting phonon blockade with photons

Measuring the quantum dynamics of a mechanical system, when few phonons are involved, remains a challenge. We show that a superconducting microwave resonator linearly coupled to the mechanical mode constitutes a very powerful probe for this scope. This new coupling can be much stronger than the usual radiation pressure interaction by adjusting a gate voltage. We focus on the detection of phonon blockade, showing that it can be observed by measuring the statistics of the light in the cavity. The underlying reason is the formation of an entangled state between the two resonators. Our scheme realizes a phonotonic Josephson junction, giving rise to coherent oscillations between phonons and photons as well as a self-trapping regime for a coupling smaller than a critical value. The transition from the self-trapping to the oscillating regime is also induced dynamically by dissipation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Auxiliary field diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic moments of light nuclei with chiral effective field theory interactions

We calculate the magnetic moments of light nuclei $( A < 20 )$ using the auxiliary field diffusion Monte Carlo method and local two- and three-nucleon forces with electromagnetic currents from chiral effective field theory. For all nuclei under consideration, we also calculate the ground-state energies and charge radii. We generally find a good agreement with experimental values for all of these observables. For the electromagnetic currents, we explore the impact of employing two different power counting schemes, and study theoretical uncertainties stemming from the truncation of the chiral expansion order by order for select nuclei within these two approaches. In conclusion, we find that it is crucial to employ consistent power counting schemes for interactions and currents to achieve a systematic order-by-order convergence.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Spectral response of localized surface plasmon in resonance with mid-infrared light

We study spectral responses of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in gold nanorods, which resonate at mid-infrared frequencies, by transmission spectroscopy and electromagnetic field analyses. The resonance linewidth is found to be linearly proportional to the resonance frequency, indicating that the dephasing due to Drude relaxation is suppressed and that the overall dephasing is dominated by radiative damping. Owing to the reduced radiative/non-radiative damping and large geometrical length of the nanorod, near-field intensity enhancement exceeds several hundred times. Nonetheless the resonance linewidth is comparable with or larger than the bandwidth of a 100-fs pulse, and therefore the enhanced near-field as short as 100-fs can be created upon pulsed excitation. The large enhancements with appropriate bandwidths make LSPs promising for enhanced nonlinear spectroscopies, coherent controls, and strong-field light-matter interactions in the mid-infrared range.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

General description of electromagnetic radiation processes based on instantaneous charge acceleration in ''endpoints''

We present a methodology for calculating the electromagnetic radiation from accelerated charged particles. Our formulation - the 'endpoint formulation' - combines numerous results developed in the literature in relation to radiation arising from particle acceleration using a complete, and completely general, treatment. We do this by describing particle motion via a series of discrete, instantaneous acceleration events, or 'endpoints', with each such event being treated as a source of emission. This method implicitly allows for particle creation and destruction, and is suited to direct numerical implementation in either the time or frequency domains. In this paper we demonstrate the complete generality of our method for calculating the radiated field from charged particle acceleration, and show how it reduces to the classical named radiation processes such as synchrotron, Tamm's description of Vavilov-Cherenkov, and transition radiation under appropriate limits. Using this formulation, we are immediately able to answer outstanding questions regarding the phenomenology of radio emission from ultra-high-energy particle interactions in both the earth's atmosphere and the moon. In particular, our formulation makes it apparent that the dominant emission component of the Askaryan effect (coherent radio-wave radiation from high-energy particle cascades in dense media) comes from coherent 'bremsstrahlung' from particle acceleration, rather than coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Soft bootstrap and supersymmetry

The soft bootstrap is an on-shell method to constrain the landscape of effective field theories (EFTs) of massless particles via the consistency of the low-energy S-matrix. Given assumptions on the on-shell data (particle spectra, linear symmetries, and low-energy theorems), the soft bootstrap is an efficient algorithm for determining the possible consistency of an EFT with those properties. The implementation of the soft bootstrap uses the recently discovered method of soft subtracted recursion. We derive a precise criterion for the validity of these recursion relations and show that they fail exactly when the assumed symmetries can be trivially realized by independent operators in the effective action. We use this to show that the possible pure (real and complex) scalar, fermion, and vector exceptional EFTs are highly constrained. Next, we prove how the soft behavior of states in a supermultiplet must be related and illustrate the results in extended supergravity. We demonstrate the power of the soft bootstrap in two applications. First, for the \( \mathcal{N} \) = 1 and \( \mathcal{N} \) = 2 C P 1 nonlinear sigma models, we show that on-shell constructibility establishes the emergence of accidental IR symmetries. This includes a new on-shell perspective on the interplay between \( \mathcal{N} \) = 2 supersymmetry, low-energy theorems, and electromagnetic duality. We also show that \( \mathcal{N} \) = 2 supersymmetry requires 3-point interactions with the photon that make the soft behavior of the scalar O (1) instead of vanishing, despite the underlying symmetric coset. Second, we study Galileon theories, including aspects of supersymmetrization, the possibility of a vector-scalar Galileon EFT, and the existence of higher-derivative corrections preserving the enhanced special Galileon symmetry. The latter is addressed both by soft bootstrap and by application of double-copy/KLT relations applied to higher-derivative corrections of chiral perturbation theory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗