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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Elastic Resource Management for Deep Learning Applications in a Container Cluster

The increasing demand for learning from massive datasets is restructuring our economy. Effective learning, however, involves nontrivial computing resources. Most businesses utilize commercial infrastructure providers (e.g., AWS) to host their computing clusters in the cloud, where various jobs compete for available resources. While cloud resource management is a fruitful research field that has made many advances in production, such as Kubernetes and YARN, few efforts have been invested to further optimize the system performance, especially for deep learning (DL) training jobs in a container cluster. This work introduces FlowCon, a system that is able to monitor the individual evaluation functions of DL jobs at runtime, and thus to make placement decisions on resource allocations elastically. Here, we present a detailed design and implementation of FlowCon and conduct intensive experiments over various DL models. The results demonstrate that FlowCon significantly improves DL job completion time and resource utilization efficiency, compared to default systems. According to the results, FlowCon is able to improve the completion time by up to 68.8% and meanwhile, reduce the makespan by 18.0%, in the presence of various DL job workloads.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Tricadmium Digermanium Tetraarsenide: a New Crystalline Phase Made with a Double-Containment Ampoule Method

A new crystalline phase in the Cd-Ge-As family of materials was recently discovered. This phase was made with a unique double-containment ampoule method that provided a unique cooling rate along with a thermal compression mechanism. The composition of this crystalline phase was determined to be Cd3Ge2As4 with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The crystal structure is still under investigation though preliminary results are presented.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Arabidopsis SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid metabolism via Kelch domain-containing F-box proteins

Phenylpropanoid metabolism represents a substantial metabolic sink for the photosynthetically fixed carbon. The evolutionarily conserved Sucrose Non-Fermenting Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a major metabolic sensor that reprograms metabolism upon carbon deprivation. However, it is not clear if and how SnRK1-mediated sugar signaling pathway controls phenylpropanoid metabolism. Here, we show that Arabidopsis SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis via a group of Kelch domain-containing F-Box (KFB) proteins that are responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Down-regulation of AtSnRK1 significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble phenolics and lignin polymers and drastically increased PAL cellular accumulation but only slightly altered its transcription level. Co-expression of SnRK1α with PAL in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the severe attenuation of the latter's protein level, but protein interaction assays suggested PAL is not a direct substrate of SnRK1. Furthermore, up- or down-regulation of AtSnRK1 positively affected KFB PALs gene expression, and energy starvation upregulated KFB PAL expression, which partially depends on AtSnRK1. Collectively, our study reveals that SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and KFB PALs act as regulatory components of the SnRK1 signaling network, transcriptionally regulated by SnRK1 and subsequently mediating proteasomal degradation of PAL in response to the cellular carbon availability.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Modification of the Monte Carlo method for calculation of the influence of unknown placement of solid radioactive waste on the uncertainty of dose fields at different overall container dimensions

An approach to estimating the uncertainty of initial data in calculations by the Monte Carlo method is considered. The relative geometrical position of parts of the analyzed system is assumed to be unknown. The influence of different approximations in the description of the geometrical shape of system objects is studied. The effect of unknown location and approximate shape description of solid radioactive waste in the container on the magnitude of dose fields is considered for photon transport problems.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Chemical Composition Analysis for X-Ray Transport Container Scans

It is important for national security to control the movement of dangerous or strategically cargo such as explosives, radioactive materials, rare and precious metals. This control can be provided by scanning transport containers by gamma rays. In this report the existing technique for scanning (dual energy method) is considered and the alternative method based on measuring the energy distribution of gamma rays is proposed. For estimation perspectives of the proposing method, the corresponding simulation was conducted by using the GEANT4 toolkit. The example of the algorithm of reconstruction the chemical composition of the scanned object is also considered. In addition the experiment for estimation energy resolution of the detector based on a scintillation crystal BGO and SiPM was carried out.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Process Controlled Multiscale Morphologies in Metal-containing Block Copolymer Thin Films

Poly(styrene-block-ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PS-b-PFS) is a metal-containing block copolymer that exhibits certain advantages as a mask for lithographic applications. These advantages include compatibility with a wide range of substrates, ease of control over domain morphologies and robust stability to etch plasma, which aid in the development of high-aspect-ratio patterns. An asymmetric cylinder-forming PS-b-PFS copolymer is subjected to different processing to manipulate the morphology of the phase-separated domains. Control of film structure and domain morphology is achieved by adjusting the film thickness, mode of annealing, and/or annealing time. Changing the process from thermal or solvent annealing to hybrid annealing (thermal and then solvent annealing in sequence) leads to the formation of mesoscale spherulitic and dendritic morphologies. In this communication, we show that reversing the order of the hybrid annealing (solvent annealing first and then thermal annealing) of relatively thick films (>100 nm) on homogeneously thick substrates develops disordered lamellar structure. Furthermore, the same processing applied on a substrate with a thin, mechanically flexible window in the center leads to the formation of sub-micron scale concentric ring patterns. Enhanced material mobility in the thick film during hybrid annealing along with dynamic rippling effects that may arise from the vibration of the thin window during spin casting are likely causes for these morphologies.

Block copolymer↗
DOE OSTI2013

Representative Source Terms and the Influence of Reactor Attributes on Functional Containment in Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors

Modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (MHTGRs) offer a high degree of passive safety. The low power density of the reactor and the high heat capacity of the graphite core result in slow transients that do not challenge the integrity of the robust TRISO fuel. Another benefit of this fuel form and the surrounding graphite is their superior ability to retain fission products under all anticipated normal and off-normal conditions, which limits reactor accident source terms to very low values. In this paper, we develop estimates of the source term for a generic MHTGR to illustrate the performance of the radionuclide barriers that comprise the MHTGR functional containment. We also examine the influence of initial fuel quality, fuel performance/failure, reactor outlet temperature, and retention outside of the reactor core on the resultant source term to the environment.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Container Surface Evaluation by Function Estimation

Container images are analyzed for specific surface features, such as, pits, cracks, and corrosion. The detection of these features is confounded with complicating features. These complication features include: shape/curvature, welds, edges, scratches, foreign objects among others. A method is provided to discriminate between the various features. The method consists of estimating the image background, determining a residual image and post processing to determine the features present. The methodology is not finalized but demonstrates the feasibility of a method to determine the kind and size of the features present.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of Improvements in Storage Efficiencies, Containment, Assurance, CO 2 Plume Movement, and Verification of Storage Technologies

This report summarizes some of the evolving improvements in key technical skills that are developing to support a large-scale commercial application of CCS as well as support rapidly increasing interest in carbon negative technologies. It does not attempt to review relatively well-known processes and procedures that are familiar to many CCS experts; rather focuses on novel concepts that have the potential to provide breakthroughs and add high benefit as projects evolve. Some elements described are in development or not yet proven ideas for which we provide an expression of status of confidence at the time of writing. Topics covered are evaluation of improvements in storage efficiency estimation, containment assurance methods, CO 2 plume movement and pressure prediction, and monitoring and verification of storage methods.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effect of Humidity on the Reactive Uptake of Ammonia and Dimethylamine by Nitrogen-Containing Secondary Organic Aerosol

This study investigated the uptake of ammonia (NH3) by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles generated via limonene photooxidation or ozonolysis as well as the uptake of dimethylamine (DMA) by limonene ozonolysis, α-cedrene photooxidation, or toluene photooxidation SOA in an environmental chamber between 0–50% relative humidity. In addition to the acid-base equilibrium uptake, NH3 and DMA can react with SOA carbonyl compounds converting them into nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs). The effective reactive uptake coefficients for the formation of NOCs from ammonia were measured on the order of 10−5. The observed DMA reactive uptake coefficients ranged from 10−5 to 10−4. Typically, the reactive uptake coefficient decreased with increasing relative humidity. This is consistent with NOC formation by a condensation reaction between NH3 or DMA with SOA, which produces water as a product. Ammonia is more abundant in the atmosphere than amines. However, the larger observed reactive uptake coefficient suggests that amine uptake may also be a potential source of organic nitrogen in particulate matter.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploiting the Properties of Non-Wood Feedstocks to Produce Tailorable Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibers

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) are mainly produced commercially from treated wood pulp, which can decrease some of the carbon-negative benefits of utilizing biomass feedstock. In this work, LCNFs are prepared from non-wood feedstocks, including agricultural residues such as hemp, wheat straw, and flax. These feedstocks allowed for the preparation of LCNFs with a variety of properties, including tailored hydrophobicity. The feedstocks and their subsequent LCNFs are extensively characterized to determine the roles that feedstocks play on the morphology and properties of their resultant LCNFs. The LCNFs were then incorporated into paper handsheets to study their usefulness in papermaking applications, which indicated good potential for the use of wheat straw LCNFs as a surface additive to improve the oil resistance coating.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗