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Results for “FERROMAGNETISM”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,261 records · Page 70
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Ferromagnetic glass-coated microwires with good heating properties for magnetic hyperthermia

The heating properties of Fe 71.7 Si 11 B 13.4 Nb 3 Ni 0.9 amorphous glass-coated microwires are explored for prospective applications in magnetic hyperthermia. We show that a single 5 mm long wire is able to produce a sufficient amount of heat, with the specific loss power (SLP) reaching a value as high as 521 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe and a frequency of 310 kHz. The large SLP is attributed to the rectangular hysteresis loop resulting from a peculiar domain structure of the microwire. For an array of parallel microwires, we have observed an SLP improvement by one order of magnitude; 950 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe. The magnetostatic interaction strength essential in the array of wires can be manipulated by varying the distance between the wires, showing a decreasing trend in SLP with increasing wire separation. The largest SLP is obtained when the wires are aligned along the direction of the AC field. The origin of the large SLP and relevant heating mechanisms are discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Generalized Stoner-Wohlfarth model accurately describing the switching processes in pseudo-single ferromagnetic particles

We propose a generalized Stoner-Wohlfarth (SW) type model to describe various experimentally observed angular dependencies of the switching field in non-single-domain magnetic particles. Because the nonuniform magnetic states are generally characterized by complicated spin configurations with no simple analytical description, we maintain the macrospin hypothesis and we phenomenologically include the effects of nonuniformities only in the anisotropy energy, preserving as much as possible the elegance of SW model, the concept of critical curve and its geometric interpretation. We compare the results obtained with our model with full micromagnetic simulations in order to evaluate the performance and limits of our approach.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Evaluation of minority and majority spin band energies of ferromagnetic GdN thin film using optical absorption spectroscopy

Temperature dependent optical Tauc plots of AlN/GdN/AlN heterostructures have showed two optically induced transitions, and those optical transitions could be attributed to the minority and majority spin band energy. In contrast, temperature dependent magnetization measurements of GdN thin film provide direct evidence of spin ordering below 39 K, and which is also evidenced by Arrott plots.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tailoring the coercivity in ferromagnetic ZnO thin films by 3d and 4f elements codoping

Cluster free, Co (3d) and Eu (4f) doped ZnO thin films were prepared using ion implantation technique accompanied by post annealing treatments. Compared with the mono-doped ZnO thin films, the samples codoped with Co and Eu exhibit a stronger magnetization with a giant coercivity of 1200 Oe at ambient temperature. This was further verified through x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis, revealing the exchange interaction between the Co 3d electrons and the localized carriers induced by Eu{sup 3+} ions codoping. The insight gained with modulating coercivity in magnetic oxides opens up an avenue for applications requiring non-volatility in spintronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magneto-optical spectroscopy of ferromagnetic shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga alloy

Magneto-optical properties of single crystal of Ni{sub 50.1}Mn{sub 28.4}Ga{sub 21.5} magnetic shape memory alloy in martensite and austenite phase were systematically studied. Crystal orientation was approximately along (100) planes of parent cubic austenite. At room temperature, the sample was in modulated 10M martensite phase and transformed to cubic austenite at 323 K. Spectral dependence of polar magneto-optical Kerr effect was obtained by generalized magneto-optical ellipsometry with rotating analyzer in the photon energy range from 1.2 to 4 eV, and from room temperature to temperature above the Curie point. The Kerr rotation spectra exhibit prominent features typical for complexes containing Mn atoms. Significant spectral changes during transformation to austenite can be explained by different optical properties caused by changes in density of states near the Fermi energy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of epitaxial BiFeO{sub 3}-BiMnO{sub 3} films on ion-beam-assisted deposited TiN buffered flexible Hastelloy

Growth of multifunctional thin films on flexible substrates is of great technological significance since such a platform is needed for flexible electronics. In this study, we report the growth of biaxially aligned (BiFeO{sub 3}){sub 0.5}:(BiMnO{sub 3}){sub 0.5} [BFO-BMO] films on polycrystalline Hastelloy by using a biaxially aligned TiN as a seed layer deposited by ion-beam-assisted deposited and a La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} (LSMO) as a buffer layer deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The LSMO is used not only as a buffer layer but also as the bottom electrode of the BFO-BMO films. X-ray diffraction showed that the BFO-BMO films are biaxially oriented along both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The BFO-BMO films on flexible metal substrates showed a polarization of 22.9 μC/cm{sup 2}. The magnetization of the BFO-BMO/LSMO is 62 emu/cc at room temperature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Seeking to quantify the ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic interface coupling resulting in exchange bias with various thin-film conformations

Ni{sub 3}Fe/(Ni, Fe)O thin films with bilayer and nanocrystallite dispersion morphologies are prepared with a dual ion beam deposition technique permitting precise control of nanocrystallite growth, composition, and admixtures. A bilayer morphology provides a Ni{sub 3}Fe-to-NiO interface, while the dispersion films have different mixtures of Ni{sub 3}Fe, NiO, and FeO nanocrystallites. Using detailed analyses of high resolution transmission electron microscopy images with Multislice simulations, the nanocrystallites' structures and phases are determined, and the intermixing between the Ni{sub 3}Fe, NiO, and FeO interfaces is quantified. From field-cooled hysteresis loops, the exchange bias loop shift from spin interactions at the interfaces are determined. With similar interfacial molar ratios of FM-to-AF, we find the exchange bias field essentially unchanged. However, when the interfacial ratio of FM to AF was FM rich, the exchange bias field increases. Since the FM/AF interface ‘contact’ areas in the nanocrystallite dispersion films are larger than that of the bilayer film, and the nanocrystallite dispersions exhibit larger FM-to-AF interfacial contributions to the magnetism, we attribute the changes in the exchange bias to be from increases in the interfacial segments that suffer defects (such as vacancies and bond distortions), that also affects the coercive fields.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Influence of fourfold anisotropy form on hysteresis loop shape in ferromagnetic nanostructures

The dependence of the form of different mathematical depictions of fourfold magnetic anisotropies has been examined, using a simple macro-spin model. Strong differences in longitudinal and transverse hysteresis loops occur due to deviations from the usual phenomenological model, such as using absolute value functions. The proposed possible models can help understanding measurements on sophisticated magnetic nanosystems, like exchange bias layered structures employed in magnetic hard disk heads or magnetic nano-particles, and support the development of solutions with specific magnetization reversal behavior needed in novel magneto-electronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Low temperature transformation from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order in impurity system Ge:As near the insulator-metal phase transition

The low-temperature transformation from antiparallel to parallel spin orientation in a nonmagnetic compensated system Ge:As semiconductor near the metal-insulator phase transition has been experimentally observed. This effect is manifested in the temperature dependences of the impurity magnetic susceptibility obtained by integration of the spin resonance absorption line. These dependences show that the spin density falls in the medium temperature range (10-100 K) and grows at low temperatures. The effect is confirmed by the specific temperature features of the g-factor and inverse magnetic susceptibility. As the relative content of a compensating impurity (gallium) is made lower than 0.7, the transition temperature begins to decrease and, at a degree of compensation < 0.3, falls outside the temperature range under study (i.e., below 2 K)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fabrication of MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} tunnel barrier by radio frequency-sputtering method and magnetoresistance effect through it with Fe or Fe{sub 4}N ferromagnetic electrode

Spinel MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films were deposited on MgO single-crystal substrates and epitaxial Fe (or Fe{sub 4}N) thin films by RF-sputtering from a ceramic target. Epitaxial relationship was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis between the crystalline spinel MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} films and the respective substrate and underlayers, while no diffraction peak was observed from the films deposited on amorphous substrates. Spin-valve type magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a stacking structure of Fe [Fe{sub 4}N]/MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}/CoFeB/Ru/Fe/MnIr exhibited normal [inverse] tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect, reflecting the sign of spin polarization of Fe [Fe{sub 4}N]. The maximum magnitude of the TMR ratio obtained for the Fe-based and Fe{sub 4}N-based MTJs was 67% and 18%, respectively. The resistance area product values of the MTJs were significantly larger than the reported values for the MTJs with a post-oxidized spinel MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} barrier.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

The electronic structure of homogeneous ferromagnetic (Ga, Mn)N epitaxial films

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) techniques, namely, X-ray Near Edge Structure (XANES), Extended XAFS (EXAFS), and Anomalous X-ray Diffraction (AXRD) were used to investigate the local atomic and electronic structure of (Ga, Mn)N magnetic layers with Mn concentrations of up to 10% grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The XANES and AXRD analysis prove the Mn incorporation on substitutional GaN lattice sites. EXAFS results indicate the good quality of the structure under examination, although 0.5 nitride atom vacancies were found. The Wien2k code was applied to interpret the XANES spectra quantitatively, i.e., to determine the electronic structure of the Mn atoms. It was shown that accounting for the core-hole effect is necessary to reconstruct effectively the XANES spectra. Conducted charge density analysis based on DFT calculations identified the valency of Mn atom to be of 2.4+.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Metastable bcc phase formation in 3d ferromagnetic transition metal thin films sputter-deposited on GaAs(100) substrates

Co{sub 100−x}Fe{sub x} and Ni{sub 100−y}Fe{sub y} (at. %, x = 0–30, y = 0–60) films of 10 nm thickness are prepared on GaAs(100) substrates at room temperature by using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. The detailed growth behavior is investigated by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. (100)-oriented Co and Ni single-crystals with metastable bcc structure are formed in the early stage of film growth, where the metastable structure is stabilized through hetero-epitaxial growth. With increasing the thickness up to 2 nm, the Co and the Ni films start to transform into more stable hcp and fcc structures through atomic displacements parallel to bcc(110) slide planes, respectively. The stability of bcc phase is improved by adding a small volume of Fe atoms into a Co film. The critical thickness of bcc phase formation is thicker than 10 nm for Co{sub 100−x}Fe{sub x} films with x ≥ 10. On the contrary, the stability of bcc phase for Ni-Fe system is less than that for Co-Fe system. The critical thicknesses for Ni{sub 100−y}Fe{sub y} films with y = 20, 40, and 60 are 1, 3, and 5 nm, respectively. The Co{sub 100−x}Fe{sub x} single-crystal films with metastable bcc structure formed on GaAs(100) substrates show in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropies with the easy direction along GaAs[011], similar to the case of Fe film epitaxially grown on GaAs(100) substrate. A Co{sub 100−x}Fe{sub x} film with higher Fe content shows a higher saturation magnetization and a lower coercivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗