Completeness condition for unambiguous profile reconstruction by sub-aperture stitching
Not Available
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
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Encoding the complete electric field of an ultraviolet ultrashort laser pulse in a near-infrared nonlinear-optical signal
We introduce a variation on the cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) technique that uses a near-infrared (NIR) nonlinear-optical signal to characterize pulses in the ultraviolet (UV). Using a transient-grating XFROG beam geometry, we create a grating using two copies of the unknown UV pulse and diffract a NIR reference pulse from it. We show that, by varying the delay between the UV pulses creating the grating, the UV pulse intensity-and-phase information can be encoded into a NIR signal. We also implemented a modified generalized-projections phase-retrieval algorithm for retrieving the UV pulses from these spectrograms. We performed proof-of-principle measurements of chirped pulses and double pulses, all at 400 nm. This approach should be extendable deeper into the UV and potentially even into the extreme UV or x-ray range.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Complete coherent control of silicon vacancies in diamond nanopillars containing single defect centers
Not Available
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Hot Pot Complete Bouguer Gravity Map
Contoured Bouguer gravity survey with lease block outline in 2010 and location of hot springs.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Microseismicity Analysis for HFTS Pad and Correlation With Completion Parameters
Microseismic data can be used as a tool to help understand fracturing behavior during hydraulic stimulation. Recent studies have validated complex fracture growth and interaction during fracturing process and there is a need to better utilize microseismic data as a way of improving our understanding of this complexity. Moreover, significant stress variations along the laterals and various formations of interest can be better interpreted by making use of b-value distribution as a proxy measure for stress. In this study, we tie the Frequency Magnitude Distributions (FMD) from microseismic with the 3D seismic and petrophysical data to understand stress variations within the upper and middle Wolfcamp formations. We also look at how temporal microseismic FMD variance can be used as a tool to help understand fracturing behavior with time. Our results highlight the utility of microseismic FMD as a valuable hydraulic fracturing diagnostic tool post fracturing operations and as a validation for observations made during treatment including relevant treatment parameters.
Maity, Debotyam↗
Three Approaches for Complete Measurement of the Transverse Beam Optics Along the Fermilab Muon Campus Extraction Line
Traditionally, the process of measuring the optical parameters of a beamline has employed the use of one of two standard methods, namely the three-screen method or a quadrupole magnet scan. Both require either an area of zero dispersion to perform the measurements or knowledge of the dispersion function and momentum spread beforehand in order to provide accurate results. There is however a third method that can be used to measure the standard optical parameters, the beam parameters, the dispersion function, and the momentum spread simultaneously. This method, aptly named the six-screen method, is an extension of the more standard three-screen method. Utilizing the simulation environment of G4beamline, we simulated the 8 GeV proton beam in the M4 beamline and measured the optical and beam parameters using the two standard approaches. Those results were then used as a reference to check the viability of employing the less standard six-screen method in the M4 line. If shown to be a viable option, the six-screen method could be used to retrieve the dispersion function and momentum spread of the beam without needing to change the energy of the beam.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Fielding the magnetically applied pressure-shear technique on the Z accelerator (completion report for MRT 4519).
The recently developed Magnetically Applied Pressure-Shear (MAPS) experimental technique to measure material shear strength at high pressures on magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) drive pulsed power platforms was fielded on August 16, 2013 on shot Z2544 utilizing hardware set A0283A. Several technical and engineering challenges were overcome in the process leading to the attempt to measure the dynamic strength of NNSA Ta at 50 GPa. The MAPS technique relies on the ability to apply an external magnetic field properly aligned and time correlated with the MHD pulse. The load design had to be modified to accommodate the external field coils and additional support was required to manage stresses from the pulsed magnets. Further, this represents the first time transverse velocity interferometry has been applied to diagnose a shot at Z. All subsystems performed well with only minor issues related to the new feed design which can be easily addressed by modifying the current pulse shape. Despite the success of each new component, the experiment failed to measure strength in the samples due to spallation failure, most likely in the diamond anvils. To address this issue, hydrocode simulations are being used to evaluate a modified design using LiF windows to minimize tension in the diamond and prevent spall. Another option to eliminate the diamond material from the experiment is also being investigated.
Alexander, C. Scott↗
Complete braided adsorbent for marine testing to demonstrate 3g-U/kg-adsorbent
ORNL has manufactured four braided adsorbents that successfully demonstrated uranium adsorption capacities ranging from 3.0-3.6 g-U/kg-adsorbent in marine testing at PNNL. Four new braided and leno woven fabric adsorbents have also been prepared by ORNL and are currently undergoing marine testing at PNNL.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Annual Report FY2013-- A Kinematically Complete, Interdisciplinary, and Co-Institutional Measurement of the 19F(α,n) Cross-section for Nuclear Safeguards Science
The goal of this proposal is to enable neutron detection for precision Non-Destructive Assays (NDAs) of actinide-fluoride samples. Neutrons are continuously generated from a UFx matrix in a container or sample as a result of the interaction of alpha particles from uranium-decay α particles with fluorine nuclei in the matrix. Neutrons from 19F(α,n)22Na were once considered a poorly characterized background for assays of UFx samples via 238U spontaneous fission neutron detection [SMI2010B]. However, the yield of decay-α-driven neutrons is critical for 234,235U LEU and HEU assays, as it can used to determine both the total amount of uranium and the enrichment [BER2010]. This approach can be extremely valuable in a variety of safeguard applications, such as cylinder monitoring in underground uranium storage facilities, nuclear criticality safety studies, nuclear materials accounting, and other nonproliferation applications. The success of neutron-based assays critically depends on an accurate knowledge of the cross section of the (α,n) reaction that generates the neutrons. The 40% uncertainty in the 19F(α,n)22Na cross section currently limits the precision of such assays, and has been identified as a key factor in preventing accurate enrichment determinations [CRO2003]. The need for higher quality cross section data for (α,n) reactions has been a recurring conclusion in reviews of the nuclear data needs to support safeguards. The overarching goal of this project is to enable neutron detection to be used for precision Non- Destructive Assays (NDAs) of actinide-fluoride samples. This will significantly advance safeguards verification at existing declared facilities, nuclear materials accounting, process control, nuclear criticality safety monitoring, and a variety of other nonproliferation applications. To reach this goal, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Rutgers University (RU), and the University of Notre Dame (UND), will focus on three specific items: (1) making a precision (better than 10 %) determination of the absolute cross section of the 19F(α,n)22Na reaction as a function of energy; (2) determining the spectrum of neutrons and γ-rays emitted from 19F(α,n)22Na over an energy range pertinent to NDA; and (3) performing simulations with this new cross section to extract the neutron yield (neutrons/gram/second) and resulting neutron- and gamma ray-spectra when α particles interact with fluorine nuclei in actinide samples, to aid in the design and reduce uncertainty of future NDA measurements and simulations.
VANDLE, HPGe gamma-ray detector, liquid neutron de↗
Summary of MC&A Performance Testing Completed under Contract N43
Abstract Not Provided
Nuclear Disarmament, Safeguards, & Physical Protec↗
Level 2 Milestone 4795: CTS-1 Market Survey Completed
The CTS1 market survey process started in October 2013 with several multi-way Non-Disclosure Agreements being signed that would allow the Tri-Labs and vendor to discuss information critical to CTS1. Most of the NDAs were in place by January 2014, and the CTS1 market survey kicked off on Feb. 5-7 th . The CTS1 technical team met with 14 vendors including component vendors and system integrators including: AMD, Mellanox, Dell, Penguin, SGI, Cray, Asetek, HP, IBM, Hyve Solutions, Intel, Clustered Systems, Nvidia, and Applied Micro. Follow up meetings have occurred with many of these vendors and the technology information is being incorporated into the CTS1 RFP.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Using High Performance Computing to Examine the Processes of Neurogenesis Underlying Pattern Separation and Completion of Episodic Information
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus region of the brain is a neurobiological process that is believed to contribute to the brain's advanced abilities in complex pattern recognition and cognition. Here, we describe how realistic scale simulations of the neurogenesis process can offer both a unique perspective on the biological relevance of this process and confer computational insights that are suggestive of novel machine learning techniques. First, supercomputer based scaling studies of the neurogenesis process demonstrate how a small fraction of adult-born neurons have a uniquely larger impact in biologically realistic scaled networks. Second, we describe a novel technical approach by which the information content of ensembles of neurons can be estimated. Finally, we illustrate several examples of broader algorithmic impact of neurogenesis, including both extending existing machine learning approaches and novel approaches for intelligent sensing.
Aimone, James Bradley↗
Complete NO and NO 2 Aging Study for AgZ (Milestone Report)
In an off-gas system within a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, any capture material will be exposed to a gas stream for months at a time. This gas stream may be at elevated temperature and could contain water, NO x gas, or a variety of other constituents that comprise the off-gas stream. For this reason, it is important to understand the effects of long-term exposure, or aging, on proposed capture materials. One material under consideration is silver-exchanged mordenite (AgZ). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extended exposure at 150°C to an air stream containing NO on the iodine capture capacity of the hydrogen reduced form of AgZ designated as Ag 0 Z. The study was originally also intended to expand on the static NO 2 aging studies by exposing Ag 0 Z to a flowing stream of NO 2 for an extended period of time, but those tests were delayed due to NO 2 production schedules by the gas vendor. Unreduced silver mordenite has a loading capacity of approximately 25 mg I/g AgZ and that capacity is increased to 100 mg I/g Ag 0 Z upon reduction. It appears that extended exposure of AgZ to 1% NO at 150°C may not only neutralize the increased capacity gained by reduction, but perhaps degrade the sorbent even further. Loss of 80% of sorbent capacity and surface area was observed after 8 weeks of exposure to a 1% NO stream at 150°C. Investigations continue into the effects of aging by off-gas components on iodine sorbents. Future work will age silver mordenite with streams containing NO 2 . As the simulated off-gas streams become more complex and more corrosive, the ability of AgZ to withstand conditions present in off-gas streams will be more fully known.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Complete Iodine Loading of NO-Aged Ag 0 -Functionalized Silica Aerogel (Milestone Report)
In off-gas treatment systems within a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, capture materials will be exposed to a gas stream for extended periods during their lifetime. This gas stream may be at elevated temperature and could contain water, NO x gas, or a variety of other constituents. For this reason, it is important to understand the effects of long-term exposure, or aging, on proposed capture materials. One material under consideration for iodine sequestration is silver-functionalized silica aerogel (Ag 0 -aerogel). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extended exposure at 150°C to an air stream containing NO on the iodine capture capacity of Ag 0 -aerogel. Ag 0 -aerogel was provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which manufactures the material at a lab scale. Prior to aging, the material has an iodine loading capacity of approximately 290 mg I/g Ag 0 -aerogel. Previous studies have aged the material in a dry air stream or in a moist air stream for up to 6 months. Both tests resulted in a 22% loss in iodine capacity. Aging the material in a static 2% NO 2 environment for up to 2 months results in a 15% loss of iodine capacity.3 In this study, exposure of Ag 0 -aerogel to 1% NO at 150°C for 2 months produced a loss of 43% in iodine loading capacity. This is largest loss observed for aerogel aging studies to date. The performance of Ag 0 -aerogel in this study was compared to the performance of reduced silver mordenite (Ag 0 Z) in similar studies. Ag 0 Z is a zeolite mineral considered to be the current standard technology for iodine removal from off-gas streams of a potential US used fuel processing plant. In an aging study exposing Ag 0 Z to 1% NO for 2 months, an iodine capacity loss of over 80% was observed. This corresponds to a silver utilization of 13.5% for 2 month NO-aged Ag 0 Z, compared to 57% silver utilization for 2 month NO-aged aerogel. While iodine loading capacity and silver utilization are critical parameters in evaluating these materials, other properties must also be considered when selecting the appropriate material (e.g., relative material densities and potential waste form production technology). The resistance of Ag 0 -aerogel to NO is promising, and investigations of this material for use in iodine capture should continue to be pursued.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Complete Initial Scoping Tests on the Incorporation of Novel Loaded Iodine Getters into GCM
This study encompasses initial scoping tests on the incorporation of a novel iodine loaded getter material into the Sandia developed low temperature sintering glass ceramic material (GCM) waste form. In particular, we studied the PNNL Ag-I-Aerogel. Optical microscopy indicates inhomogenous samples based on particle sizes and variations in color (AgI vs Ag/AgO on silica). TGA/MS data when heated in air indicates loss of iodine and organics (CO2) between 250-450°C a total of ~15wt% loss, with additional / small iodine loss when during 550°C hold for 1 hr. TGA/MS data when heated in N2 indicates less organic and slightly less iodine loss below 550°C, with no loss of iodine in 550°C 1 hour hold. Furthermore, a substantial mass loss of sulfur containing compounds is observed (m/e of 34 and 36) between 150 – 550°C in both air and N2 sintering atmospheres. In an effort to capture iodine lost to volatilization during heating (at temps below glass sintering temperature of 550°C), we added 5 wt% Ag flake to the AgIaerogel. Resulting data indicates the iodine is retained with the addition of the Ag flake, resulting in only a small iodine loss (< 1wt%) at ~350°C. No method of curtailing loss of sulfur containing compounds due to heating was successful in this scoping study.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Hydrogen Fracture Toughness Tester Completion
The Hydrogen Fracture Toughness Tester (HFTT) is a mechanical testing machine designed for conducting fracture mechanics tests on materials in high-pressure hydrogen gas. The tester is needed for evaluating the effects of hydrogen on the cracking properties of tritium reservoir materials. It consists of an Instron Model 8862 Electromechanical Test Frame; an Autoclave Engineering Pressure Vessel, an Electric Potential Drop Crack Length Measurement System, associated computer control and data acquisition systems, and a high-pressure hydrogen gas manifold and handling system.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Completion of Population of and Quality Assurance on the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options Catalog.
An Evaluation and Screening team supporting the Fuel Cycle Technologies Program Office of the United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy is conducting an evaluation and screening of a comprehensive set of fuel cycle options. These options have been assigned to one of 40 evaluation groups, each of which has a representative fuel cycle option [Todosow 2013]. A Fuel Cycle Data Package System Datasheet has been prepared for each representative fuel cycle option to ensure that the technical information used in the evaluation is high-quality and traceable [Kim, et al., 2013]. The information contained in the Fuel Cycle Data Packages has been entered into the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options Catalog at Sandia National Laboratories so that it is accessible by the evaluation and screening team and other interested parties. In addition, an independent team at Savannah River National Laboratory has verified that the information has been entered into the catalog correctly. This report documents that the 40 representative fuel cycle options have been entered into the Catalog, and that the data entered into the catalog for the 40 representative options has been entered correctly.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗