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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

AMIA KDDM Working Group Collaborative Workshop: Enriching Electronic Health Records with Social Determinants of Health to Improve Outcomes and Health Equity

Prior research has demonstrated that social determinants of health (SDoH) are major drivers of health outcomes and contributors to widespread health inequities. It was estimated that, in the United States, SDoH could be responsible for up to 40% of all preventable deaths, significantly higher than the 10-15% for which better medical care is responsible. Public health interventions that target SDoH are instrumental for improving health outcomes and reducing long-standing health inequities. Currently, most mainstream EHR vendors have implemented SDoH screeners in their EHR systems. However, the utility of the screeners is low, rendering patient-level SDoH still widely unavailable in the structured fields. SDoH are sometimes mentioned in free-text clinical notes (e.g., social context section) where natural language processing (NLP) can be applied to extract relevant information. Contextual-level SDoH can be identified from multiple data sources, many of which are publicly available and spatiotemporally linked to EHR data. As such, there is an opportunity for the KDDM research community to create innovative solutions to draw meaningful insights by creating and using rich data with SDoH to improve health outcomes while reducing disparities. In this workshop organized by AMIA Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Working Group (AMIA KDDM WG), we will invite world-leading experts from academia, national laboratories, and life science industry with varied backgrounds in biomedical informatics, epidemiology, data science, machine learning, natural language processing, and pediatric cardiology to discuss the best practice of capturing, standardizing, and using SDoH information in various applications aiming at improving outcomes and health equity.

He, Zhe↗
DOE OSTI2017

Workbench Analysis Sequence Processor

The Workbench Analysis Sequence Processor (WASP) was developed to streamline lexing, parsing, access, validation, and analysis of ascii text files. The foundation of WASP resides on the parse tree data structure, where each node in the tree represents the syntax of the input document. Nodes can parent nodes with children. Nodes that have no children are known as terminal or leaf nodes , and they represent tokens (string, number, delimiter, etc.) in the text file. The fast lexical analyzer generator (flex - https://www.gnu.org/software/flex/) and GNU Bison parser generator (https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/) are extensively used for lexing and parsing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS2011

Experiences with Text Mining Large Collections of Unstructured Systems Development Artifacts at JPL

Often repositories of systems engineering artifacts at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are so large and poorly structured that they have outgrown our capability to effectively manually process their contents to extract useful information. Sophisticated text mining methods and tools seem a quick, low-effort approach to automating our limited manual efforts. Our experiences of exploring such methods mainly in three areas including historical risk analysis, defect identification based on requirements analysis, and over-time analysis of system anomalies at JPL, have shown that obtaining useful results requires substantial unanticipated efforts - from preprocessing the data to transforming the output for practical applications. We have not observed any quick 'wins' or realized benefit from short-term effort avoidance through automation in this area. Surprisingly we have realized a number of unexpected long-term benefits from the process of applying text mining to our repositories. This paper elaborates some of these benefits and our important lessons learned from the process of preparing and applying text mining to large unstructured system artifacts at JPL aiming to benefit future TM applications in similar problem domains and also in hope for being extended to broader areas of applications.

text mining↗
NASA NTRS1982

Historical perspectives on thermostructural research at the NACA Langley Aeronautical Laboratory from 1948 to 1958

Research on structural problems associated with aerodynamic heating, conducted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) during its last decade are described. The text of a special presentation given at the NASA Symposium on Computational Aspects of Heat Transfer in Structure is presented. Some early thermostructural research activities using charts is also discussed. The prinicipal message of the paper is that although vehicle oriented research programs speed development of new technology for specific missions, too much effort may be expended on developing technology which is never used because a vehicle is never built. A healthy research program must provide freedom to explore new ideas that have no obvious applications at the time to generate the technology that makes important, unanticipated flight or vehicle opportunities possible.

Heldenfels, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Linear elastic fracture mechanics primer

This primer is intended to remove the blackbox perception of fracture mechanics computer software by structural engineers. The fundamental concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics are presented with emphasis on the practical application of fracture mechanics to real problems. Numerous rules of thumb are provided. Recommended texts for additional reading, and a discussion of the significance of fracture mechanics in structural design are given. Griffith's criterion for crack extension, Irwin's elastic stress field near the crack tip, and the influence of small-scale plasticity are discussed. Common stress intensities factor solutions and methods for determining them are included. Fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth are discussed. The application of fracture mechanics to damage tolerance and fracture control is discussed. Several example problems and a practice set of problems are given.

Wilson, Christopher D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

An evaluation of the Interactive Software Invocation System (ISIS) for software development applications

The Interactive Software Invocation System (ISIS), which allows a user to build, modify, control, and process a total flight software system without direct communications with the host computer, is described. This interactive data management system provides the user with a file manager, text editor, a tool invoker, and an Interactive Programming Language (IPL). The basic file design of ISIS is a five level hierarchical structure. The file manager controls this hierarchical file structure and permits the user to create, to save, to access, and to purge pages of information. The text editor is used to manipulate pages of text to be modified and the tool invoker allows the user to communicate with the host computer through a RUN file created by the user. The IPL is based on PASCAL and contains most of the statements found in a high-level programming language. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the system as applied to a flight project, the collection of software components required to support the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) flight project were integrated using ISIS. The ASPS software system and its integration into ISIS is described.

Noland, M. S.↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-J-93: Development of Pre-Contoured Human Model Library in DICOM-RT Format for the Epidemiological Study of the Radiotherapy Patients

Purpose: Prior to 3D conformal radiation therapy planning, patient anatomy information was mostly limited to 2D beams-eye-view from the conventional simulator. To analyze the outcomes of such treatments for radiation late effects, 3D computational human models are often used in commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs). However, several underlying difficulties such as time-consuming manual delineation procedures of a large number of structures in the model have always limited its applications. Primary objective of this work was to develop a human model library for the epidemiological study by converting 3D-surface model organs to DICOM-RT format (DICOM-RT structure) using an in-house built software. We converted the ICRP reference human models to DICOM-RT models, which can be readily adopted for various dose calculations. Methods: MATLAB based code were utilized to convert the contour drawings extracted in text-format from the 3D graphic-tool, Rhinoceros into DICOM-RT structure format for 50 different organs of each model using a 16GB dual-core processor. The conversion periods were measured for each DICOM-RT models, and the reconstructed structure volumes were validated against the original 3D-surface models in the TPS. Ten reference hybrid whole-body models (8-pediatric and 2-adults) were automatically processed to create DICOM-RT computational human model library. Results: Mean contour conversion period was found to be 580 (N=2) and 394.5 (N=8) seconds for 50 organs in the adult and pediatric models respectively. A good agreement for large organs (NRMSD <1.0%) and small organs (NRMSD <7.7%) was also observed between the original volumes and corresponding DICOM-RT structure volumes of the organs. Conclusion: The ICRP reference human models were converted into DICOM-RT format to support the epidemiological study using a large cohort of conventional radiotherapy patients. Due to its DICOM-compatibility, the library may be implemented to many other different applications. We also expect to develop the library by including additional models in future.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1991

A general graphical user interface for automatic reliability modeling

Reported here is a general Graphical User Interface (GUI) for automatic reliability modeling of Processor Memory Switch (PMS) structures using a Markov model. This GUI is based on a hierarchy of windows. One window has graphical editing capabilities for specifying the system's communication structure, hierarchy, reconfiguration capabilities, and requirements. Other windows have field texts, popup menus, and buttons for specifying parameters and selecting actions. An example application of the GUI is given.

Liceaga, Carlos A.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

ACME: Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments

From Nov. 2017 to Feb. 2022, the ACME project’s six independent investigations of laminar, non-premixed flames of gaseous fuels were conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in the Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR). An exploration of flames at the extremes of high sooting and high dilution was conducted with a coaxial coflow burner, where the fuel and oxidizer velocities were typically matched. An investigation of electric-field effects also used the same coflow burner as well as a simple gas-jet burner, with a circular electrode mesh downstream of the burner, at voltages of either polarity up to 10 kV. A study focused on material flammability in a quiescent atmosphere emulated the burning of condensed-phased fuels using cylindrical burners with a flat perforated outlet instrumented to measure the heat flux to the burner, i.e., emulated fuel. Three studies of soot processes, flame dynamics, and low-temperature combustion used porous spherical burners yielding a nominally one-dimensional flame structure. The ACME research will be represented through images and text.

flames↗
DOE OSTI2025

WorkJournalMaker (WJMaker) v0.5

The software generates and maintains daily work journal entries in text format, via a web browser. The journal entries are saved in a structured directory file tree on the system running the software. The software also incorporates a database so that it can track the location of files in the file system and various other metadata. The software allows the users to access their journal entries either through the browser or as discrete text files, facilitating sharing and open science. Additionally, to assist with the yearly PMP process, this tool connects to LLM APIs to provide summarization of the journal entries on a month-by-month or weekly basis. The advantage over similar technologies such as Apple Notes (extremely popular for notetaking) is that the instant software does not force the user to stay inside the Apple ecosystem, since it allows for export of the user's text files. This facilitates open science, so that researchers who use the tool can easily transfer their research notes to any other system. The WebJournalMaker repository is here: https://github.com/lbnl-science-it/WorkJournalMaker The WebJournalMaker repository is forked from the JournalSummarizer: https://github.com/tyfong-lbl/JournalSummarizer and builds on its code. I wrote the code for both of these software repos, using generative AI.

Fong, Timothy [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data Format and Descriptions for the Alabama Carbon Storage: Data Sharing and Engagement Project

The Alabama Carbon Storage: Data Sharing and Engagement (ACS-DSE) project seeks to develop publicly accessible geologic carbon storage models and data across the southern Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama. The public online platform developed for this project will include geologic, geophysical, infrastructure, and other relevant datasets and geologic models of the study area. Datasets, model surfaces (e.g. structural contour maps, isolith maps, porosity maps), and infrastructure data (e.g. offshore pipelines, field boundaries) will be downloadable in commonly used file formats. The anticipated primary geologic datasets are well headers, formation tops, average reservoir properties, and core analyses; these will be available as commaseparated values (CSV) text files and MS Excel workbooks. Geophysical logs will be available in Log ASCII Standard (LAS) file format. Modeled surfaces, such as structure contour maps, will be available in ArcGIS formats and text files. Infrastructure data will be available as ArcGIS shapefiles. This document provides information on the data sources and attributes of the datasets.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2026

Agentic framework for programmatic crystal structure generation using a fine-tuned worker–supervisor large language model

Platinum group metals (PGMs) underpin many catalytic technologies but face severe supply constraints, motivating the search for alternative materials and computational methods to accelerate discovery. While atomistic simulation tools such as Pymatgen and ASE have streamlined structure manipulation, they require detailed inputs, limiting accessibility for experimentalists and slowing early-stage exploration. Here, in this study, we present an AI-driven agentic framework that orchestrates worker–supervisor large language models (LLMs). The worker translates natural-language prompts of varying abstraction into valid crystallographic structures using a compact LLM fine-tuned with low-rank adaptation on a curated text–code–CIF dataset, emphasizing energy-efficient training. Benchmarking against the baseline CodeGen-350M-mono model shows that fine-tuning reduces hallucination rates from 100% to as low as 5% and improves structural match accuracy to up to 82% for fully specified inputs. Accuracy declines with decreasing prompt detail but remains nontrivial even when only stoichiometry and space group are provided, underscoring the LLM’s capacity for crystallographic inference. The supervisor Claude LLM evaluates the outputs and triggers iterative refinement through the worker’s built-in structure manipulation capabilities (e.g., supercell scaling, strain, vacancy, and substitution operations). We further demonstrate use cases for technologically relevant catalysts, including IrO 2 , pyrochlore Pb 2 Ir 2 O 7 , Ni 2 FeO 4 , and Ni 3 Mo, where the framework generates physically consistent structures that can be refined via geometry optimization. This work introduces a low-energy, language-driven pathway for integrating human and machine intelligence in materials design, paving the way for AI-assisted synthesis planning and high-throughput screening of complex oxides.

AI agent↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nomenclature, Chemical Abstracts Service Numbers, Isomer Enumeration, Ring Strain and Stereochemistry: What Does Any of This Have to do with an International Chemical Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Treaty?

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international disarmament and non-proliferation treaty that mandates a comprehensive ban on chemical weapons. This treaty entered-into-force in 1997 and has a nearly universal membership of world states. The CWC provides definitions for what constitutes a chemical weapon and describes chemicals for which verification measures and regulatory oversight are required. These chemicals, which must be declared to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for verification purposes, appear in three Schedules within the CWC. The schedules list specific chemical substances and families of chemicals defined by molecular structure descriptions that allow a range of specified variable groups. The text of an international treaty provides a basis for laws and regulatory requirements at international and national levels that must be enacted to comply with treaty obligations. These laws and regulations must account for the “chemistry” that is described in the treaty text, which has been negotiated and agreed upon by world governments. In this paper, we look at some of the chemicals described within the CWC and discuss how atoms and molecules, nomenclature and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers, isomer enumeration, ring strain and stereochemistry influence the obligations of States to an international treaty. The material draws upon the authors’ experiences from an interactive “Science for Diplomats” initiative that has provided a forum for engaging with chemical disarmament decision makers to aid in their understanding of fundamental concepts in chemistry that have impact on treaty implementation. We hope this article will spark interest from chemistry students and educators in the provision of science advice for policymakers and provide policymakers with an appreciation of the complexity and importance of understanding the language of chemistry in support of a world free of chemical weapons.

Organic Chemistry, Alkanes/Cycloalkanes, Applicati↗
DOE OSTI2018

Skluma: An extensible metadata extraction pipeline for disorganized data

To mitigate the effects of high-velocity data expansion and to automate the organization of filesystems and data repositories, we have developed Skluma-a system that automatically processes a target filesystem or repository, extracts content-and context-based metadata, and organizes extracted metadata for subsequent use. Skluma is able to extract diverse metadata, including aggregate values derived from embedded structured data; named entities and latent topics buried within free-text documents; and content encoded in images. Skluma implements an overarching probabilistic pipeline to extract increasingly specific metadata from files. It applies machine learning methods to determine file types, dynamically prioritizes and then executes a suite of metadata extractors, and explores contextual metadata based on relationships among files. The derived metadata, represented in JSON, describes probabilistic knowledge of each file that may be subsequently used for discovery or organization. Skluma's architecture enables it to be deployed both locally and used as an on-demand, cloud-hosted service to create and execute dynamic extraction workflows on massive numbers of files. It is modular and extensible-allowing users to contribute their own specialized metadata extractors. Thus far we have tested Skluma on local filesystems, remote FTP-accessible servers, and publicly-accessible Globus endpoints. We have demonstrated its efficacy by applying it to a scientific environmental data repository of more than 500,000 files. We show that we can extract metadata from those files with modest cloud costs in a few hours.

data swamp↗
DOE OSTI2020

Normal modes in thermal AdS via the Selberg zeta function

The heat kernel and quasinormal mode methods of computing 1-loop partition functions of spin s s fields on hyperbolic quotient spacetimes \mathbb{H}^{3}/\mathbb{Z} ℍ 3 / ℤ are related via the Selberg zeta function. We extend that analysis to thermal \text{AdS}_{2n+1} AdS 2 n + 1 backgrounds, with quotient structure \mathbb{H}^{2n+1}/\mathbb{Z} ℍ 2 n + 1 / ℤ . Specifically, we demonstrate the zeros of the Selberg function encode the normal mode frequencies of spin fields upon removal of non-square-integrable modes. With this information we construct the 1-loop partition functions for symmetric transverse traceless tensors in terms of the Selberg zeta function and find exact agreement with the heat kernel method.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1992

Coping With Vibrations In A Multiple-Payload Platform

Paper discusses methods of coping with vibrations in large platform supporting multiple scientific instruments. Solution requires coordination of three engineering approaches: suppressing vibrations, isolating vibrations, and compensating for vibrations. Has considerable value as introductory text on aiming instruments and minimizing effects of vibrations in large structures.

Sirlin, Samuel W.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Automatic Labeling for Entity Extraction in Cyber Security

Timely analysis of cyber-security information necessitates automated information extraction from unstructured text. While state-of-the-art extraction methods produce extremely accurate results, they require ample training data, which is generally unavailable for specialized applications, such as detecting security related entities; moreover, manual annotation of corpora is very costly and often not a viable solution. In response, we develop a very precise method to automatically label text from several data sources by leveraging related, domain-specific, structured data and provide public access to a corpus annotated with cyber-security entities. Next, we implement a Maximum Entropy Model trained with the average perceptron on a portion of our corpus (~750,000 words) and achieve near perfect precision, recall, and accuracy, with training times under 17 seconds.

Automatic Labeling↗
NASA NTRS2010

Enhanced Modeling of First-Order Plant Equations of Motion for Aeroelastic and Aeroservoelastic Applications

A methodology is described for generating first-order plant equations of motion for aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic applications. The description begins with the process of generating data files representing specialized mode-shapes, such as rigid-body and control surface modes, using both PATRAN and NASTRAN analysis. NASTRAN executes the 146 solution sequence using numerous Direct Matrix Abstraction Program (DMAP) calls to import the mode-shape files and to perform the aeroelastic response analysis. The aeroelastic response analysis calculates and extracts structural frequencies, generalized masses, frequency-dependent generalized aerodynamic force (GAF) coefficients, sensor deflections and load coefficients data as text-formatted data files. The data files are then re-sequenced and re-formatted using a custom written FORTRAN program. The text-formatted data files are stored and coefficients for s-plane equations are fitted to the frequency-dependent GAF coefficients using two Interactions of Structures, Aerodynamics and Controls (ISAC) programs. With tabular files from stored data created by ISAC, MATLAB generates the first-order aeroservoelastic plant equations of motion. These equations include control-surface actuator, turbulence, sensor and load modeling. Altitude varying root-locus plot and PSD plot results for a model of the F-18 aircraft are presented to demonstrate the capability.

Pototzky, Anthony S.↗