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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2003

SPADE: A Rock Crushing and Sample Handling System Developed for Mars Missions

Access to the interior of rocks on Mars is an important goal for understanding Mars petrology and geologic history. The spectral signature of the potentially diverse mineralogy of rocks on Mars is veiled by the ubiquitous dust and may be further hidden by weathered rind. We have developed a rock crusher and sample distribution system under the auspices of NASA s PIDDP program. We call it the SPADE : the Sample Processing and Distribution Experiment. Its purpose is to access the interiors of rocks on Mars and prepare samples for analysis by a suite of in situ instruments.

Hansen, Candice J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Spinning black hole scattering at $ \mathcal{O} $(G 3 S 2 )(G 3 S 2 ): Casimir terms, radial action and hidden symmetry

We resolve subtleties in calculating the post-Minksowskian dynamics of binary systems, as a spin expansion, from massive scattering amplitudes of fixed finite spin. In particular, the apparently ambiguous spin Casimir terms can be fully determined from the gradient of the spin-diagonal part of the amplitudes with respect to S 2 = −s(s+1)ħ 2 , using an interpolation between massive amplitudes with different spin representations. From two-loop amplitudes of spin-0 and spin-1 particles minimally coupled to gravity, we extract the spin Casimir terms in the conservative scattering angle between a spinless and a spinning black hole at $ \mathcal{O} $(G 3 S 2 ), finding agreement with known results in the literature. This completes an earlier study [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 (2023), 021601] that calculated the non-Casimir terms from amplitudes. We also illustrate our methods using a model of spinning bodies in electrodynamics, finding agreement between scattering amplitude predictions and classical predictions in a root-Kerr electromagnetic background up to $ \mathcal{O} $(α 3 S 2 ). For both gravity and electrodynamics, the finite part of the amplitude coincides with the two-body radial action in the aligned spin limit, generalizing the amplitude-action relation beyond the spinless case. Surprisingly, the two-loop amplitude displays a hidden spin-shift symmetry in the probe limit, which was previously observed at one loop. We conjecture that the symmetry holds to all orders in the coupling constant and is a consequence of integrability of Kerr orbits in the probe limit at the first few orders in spin.

Classical Theories of Gravity↗
NASA NTRS1991

Watch what you say, your computer might be listening: A review of automated speech recognition

Spoken language is the most convenient and natural means by which people interact with each other and is, therefore, a promising candidate for human-machine interactions. Speech also offers an additional channel for hands-busy applications, complementing the use of motor output channels for control. Current speech recognition systems vary considerably across a number of important characteristics, including vocabulary size, speaking mode, training requirements for new speakers, robustness to acoustic environments, and accuracy. Algorithmically, these systems range from rule-based techniques through more probabilistic or self-learning approaches such as hidden Markov modeling and neural networks. This tutorial begins with a brief summary of the relevant features of current speech recognition systems and the strengths and weaknesses of the various algorithmic approaches.

Degennaro, Stephen V.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach to Inference in Transient Surface Kinetics

Here, in this work, we develop a novel Bayesian approach to study the adsorption and desorption of CO onto a Pd(111) surface, a process of great importance in natural sciences. The motivation for this work comes from the recent availability of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy data and the need for model interpretability and uncertainty quantification in chemical processes. The objective is to learn the relevant parameters that characterize the process: coverage with time, rate constants, activation energies, and pre-exponential factors. Our approach consists of three main schemes: (i) a problem design and probabilistic model for the whole system, (ii) a particle Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to learn the hidden coverages and rate constant parameters, and (iii) two Bayesian formulations to infer the activation energies and pre-exponential factors. The flexibility of the Bayesian framework allows for uncertainty quantification where possible and integration of mathematical constraints in the model to reflect the system physically. We found that our results for the activation energies and pre-exponential factor are in agreement with those reported in the experimental literature, independently, and we provide discussions on the advantages and disadvantages as well as applicability to other systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2005

Discovering System Health Anomalies Using Data Mining Techniques

We present a data mining framework for the analysis and discovery of anomalies in high-dimensional time series of sensor measurements that would be found in an Integrated System Health Monitoring system. We specifically treat the problem of discovering anomalous features in the time series that may be indicative of a system anomaly, or in the case of a manned system, an anomaly due to the human. Identification of these anomalies is crucial to building stable, reusable, and cost-efficient systems. The framework consists of an analysis platform and new algorithms that can scale to thousands of sensor streams to discovers temporal anomalies. We discuss the mathematical framework that underlies the system and also describe in detail how this framework is general enough to encompass both discrete and continuous sensor measurements. We also describe a new set of data mining algorithms based on kernel methods and hidden Markov models that allow for the rapid assimilation, analysis, and discovery of system anomalies. We then describe the performance of the system on a real-world problem in the aircraft domain where we analyze the cockpit data from aircraft as well as data from the aircraft propulsion, control, and guidance systems. These data are discrete and continuous sensor measurements and are dealt with seamlessly in order to discover anomalous flights. We conclude with recommendations that describe the tradeoffs in building an integrated scalable platform for robust anomaly detection in ISHM applications.

Sriastava, Ashok, N.↗
NASA NTRS1990

IC5063: A merger with a hidden luminous active nucleus

IC5063 is a nearby galaxy classified as an SO and containing a system of dust lanes parallel to its major optical axis (Danziger, Goss and Wellington, 1981; Bergeron, Durret and Boksenberg, 1983). Extended emission line regions with high excitation properties have been detected over distances of up to 19 kpc from the nucleus. This galaxy has been classified as Seyfert 2 on the basis of its emission line spectrum. These characteristics make IC5063 one of the best candidates for a merger remnant and an excellent candidate for a hidden luminous active nucleus. Based on new broad and narrow band images and long-slit spectroscopy obtained at the ESO 3.6 m telescope, the authors present some preliminary results supporting this hypothesis.

Colina, L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing to Characterize a Geothermal System in the Imperial Valley, Southern California

The Imperial Valley, CA, is a tectonically active transtensional basin located south of the Salton Sea; the area hosts numerous geothermal fields, including significant hidden hydrothermal resources without surface manifestations. Development of inexpensive, rugged, and highly sensitive exploration techniques for undiscovered geothermal systems is critical for accelerating geothermal power deployment as well as unlocking a low-carbon energy future. We present a case study utilizing distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and ambient noise interferometry for geothermal reservoir imaging, utilizing unlit fiber-optic telecommunication infrastructure (dark fiber). The study exploits two days of passive DAS data acquired in early November 2020 over a ~28-km section of fiber from Calipatria, CA to Imperial, CA. We apply ambient noise interferometry to retrieve coherent signals from DAS records and develop a bin stacking technique to attenuate the effects from persistent localized noise sources and to enhance retrieval of coherent surface waves. As a result, we are able to obtain high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) S wave velocity ($V_s$) structure to 3 km depth, based on joint inversion of both the fundamental and higher overtones. We observe a previously unmapped high $V_s$ and low $V_p$/$V_s$ ratio feature beneath the Brawley geothermal system, which we interpret to be a zone of hydrothermal mineralization and lower porosity. This interpretation is consistent with a host of other measurements including surface heat flow, gravity anomalies, and available borehole wireline data. These results demonstrate the potential utility of DAS deployed on dark fiber for geothermal system exploration and characterization in the appropriate geological settings.

Vp/Vs imaging↗
NASA NTRS2003

Low Temperature SQUID for NDE Applications

We have developed a low temperature SuperConducting Quantum Interference Device - SQUID measurement system for detection of defects deep under the surface of aluminum structures using eddy current techniques. The system uses a two dimensional planar inducer with two different excitation frequencies to induce a current in the sample. We have developed a data analysis software program that enabled us to distinguish between round defects (holes), straight defects (slots) and slots close to holes simulating cracks starting from rivets in aluminum structures. We were able to detect defects that are 8mm below the surface. We have also measured the change in phase of the detected signal as a function of depth of the defect. This relationship can be used to determine the depth of hidden flaws. Using this analysis software with the high temperature SQUID system at NASA Langley we were able to detect slots close to holes in layered aluminum sample.

Wincheski, Buzz↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hidden transport phenomena in an ultraclean correlated metal

Advancements in materials synthesis have been key to unveil the quantum nature of electronic properties in solids by providing experimental reference points for a correct theoretical description. Here, we report hidden transport phenomena emerging in the ultraclean limit of the archetypical correlated electron system SrVO 3 . The low temperature, low magnetic field transport was found to be dominated by anisotropic scattering, whereas, at high temperature, we find a yet undiscovered phase that exhibits clear deviations from the expected Landau Fermi liquid, which is reminiscent of strange-metal physics in materials on the verge of a Mott transition. Further, the high sample purity enabled accessing the high magnetic field transport regime at low temperature, which revealed an anomalously high Hall coefficient. Taken with the strong anisotropic scattering, this presents a more complex picture of SrVO 3 that deviates from a simple Landau Fermi liquid. These hidden transport anomalies observed in the ultraclean limit prompt a theoretical reexamination of this canonical correlated electron system beyond the Landau Fermi liquid paradigm, and more generally serves as an experimental basis to refine theoretical methods to capture such nontrivial experimental consequences emerging in correlated electron systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Antiferromagnetic Order and Linear Magnetoresistance in Fe-Substituted Shandite Co 3 In 2 S 2

Co 3 In 2 S 2 is a shandite phase closely related to the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 and contains Co atoms on an ideal kagome net. Elemental substitutions in Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 have been shown to invariably suppress its magnetism, and it remains a rare example of a shandite phase with magnetic order. Here, we report a new magnetic shandite compound discovered by substituting Fe into Co 3 In 2 S 2 . Single crystals of (Co 1–x Fe x ) 3 In 2 S 2 were grown, and neutron diffraction, ac and dc magnetization, and heat capacity measurements reveal long-range antiferromagnetic order with an interesting noncollinear structure and transition temperatures from 11 to 17 K. Partially substituting Fe for Co was inspired by calculated electronic structures, which suggest that Co 3 In 2 S 2 is near a magnetic instability and shows a peak in the density of states that can be approached by hole doping. While the focus of the present work is primarily on magnetism, there is a nodal ring below the Fermi energy in Co 3 In 2 S 2 that may also provide interest from a topological perspective. Potentially related to this, we find large, linear, nonsaturating magnetoresistance in this compound. Furthermore, this work expands the scope of magnetic topological materials among shandites and motivates similar chemical manipulation studies to reveal hidden magnetic instabilities in this important family and other topological systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evolving CO 2 rather than SST leads to a factor of ten decrease in GCM convergence time

The high computational cost of Global Climate Models (GCMs) is a problem that limits their use in many areas. Recently an inverse climate modeling (InvCM) method, which fixes the global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and evolves the CO 2 mixing ratio to equilibrate climate, has been implemented in a cloud resolving model. In this paper, we apply InvCM to ExoCAM GCM aquaplanet simulations, allowing the SST pattern to evolve while maintaining a fixed global-mean SST. We find that InvCM produces the same climate as normal slab-ocean simulations but converges an order of magnitude faster. We then use InvCM to calculate the equilibrium CO 2 for SSTs ranging from 290 K to 340 K at 1 K intervals and reproduce the large increase in climate sensitivity at an SST of about 315 K at much higher temperature resolution. The speedup provided by InvCM could be used to equilibrate GCMs at higher spatial resolution or to perform broader parameter space exploration in order to gain new insight into the climate system. Additionally, InvCM could be used to find unstable and hidden climate states, and to find climate states close to bifurcations such as the runaway greenhouse transition.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

From antiferromagnetic and hidden order to Pauli paramagnetism in U M 2 Si 2 compounds with 5 f electron duality

Using inelastic X-ray scattering beyond the dipole limit and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we establish the dual nature of the U 5 f electrons in U M 2 Si 2 ( M = Pd, Ni, Ru, Fe), regardless of their degree of delocalization. We have observed that the compounds have in common a local atomic-like state that is well described by the U 5 f 2 configuration with the $Γ^{(1)}_1$ and $Γ_2$ quasi-doublet symmetry. The amount of the U 5 f 3 configuration, however, varies considerably across the U M 2 Si 2 series, indicating an increase of U 5 f itineracy in going from M = Pd to Ni to Ru and to the Fe compound. The identified electronic states explain the formation of the very large ordered magnetic moments in UPd 2 Si 2 and UNi 2 Si 2 , the availability of orbital degrees of freedom needed for the hidden order in URu 2 Si 2 to occur, as well as the appearance of Pauli paramagnetism in UFe 2 Si 2 . A unified and systematic picture of the U M 2 Si 2 compounds may now be drawn, thereby providing suggestions for additional experiments to induce hidden order and/or superconductivity in U compounds with the tetragonal body-centered ThCr 2 Si 2 structure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

ENIGMA: Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies. Final Report

ENIGMA research is performed at a very large scale involving collaborations between multiple research groups to address two major driving concepts: For any microbe, it is possible to discover efficiently the genetic determinants of adaptation to life in dynamic environments in contact with other living members of its ecology and reveal hidden functional phenomena that are only possible by using a systems biology approach; and for any environment, it is possible to predict the temporal changes in geochemistry and accompanying system behavior, for some length of time, given biogeochemical and physical inputs. These driving concepts also map directly to grand challenges the ENIGMA team has outlined: “Define the levels of biological organization most relevant to scaling from single cells to ecosystems and global cycles; capture how that organization varies in time and space; and identify critical interactions that dictate rates of carbon, nutrient, and energy transformation in different environments.”

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1985

The composition and structure of planetary rings

The properties of planetary ring systems are summarized herein; emphasis is given to the available evidence on their compositions and to their dynamical attributes. Somewhat contaminated water ice makes up the vast expanse of Saturn's rings. Modified methane ice may comprise Uranus' rings while silicates are the likely material of the Jovian ring. Saturn's rings form an elaborate system whose characteristics are still being documented and whose nature is being unravelled following the Voyager flybys. Uranus' nine narrow bands display an intriguing dynamical structure thought to be caused by unseen shephard satellites. Jupiter's ring system is a mere wisp, probably derived as ejecta off hidden parent bodies.

Burns, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Improved NASTRAN plotting

The new 1991 COSMIC/NASTRAN version, compatible with the older versions, tries to remove some old constraints and make it easier to extract information from the plot file. It also includes some useful improvements and new enhancements. New features available in the 1991 version are described. They include a new PLT1 tape with simplified ASCII plot commands and short records, combined hidden and shrunk plot, an x-y-z coordinate system on all structural plots, element offset plot, improved character size control, improved FIND and NOFIND logic, a new NASPLOT post-prosessor to perform screen plotting or generate PostScript files, and a BASIC/NASTPLOT program for PC.

Chan, Gordon C.↗
NASA NTRS2005

NASA Tech Briefs, August 2005

Topics include: Hidden Identification on Parts: Magnetic Machine-Readable Matrix Symbols; System for Processing Coded OFDM Under Doppler and Fading; Multipurpose Hyperspectral Imaging System; Magnetic-Flux-Compensated Voltage Divider; High-Performance Satellite/Terrestrial-Network Gateway; Internet-Based System for Voice Communication With the ISS; Stripline/Microstrip Transition in Multilayer Circuit Board; Dual-Band Feed for a Microwave Reflector Antenna; Quadratic Programming for Allocating Control Effort; Range Process Simulation Tool; Simulator of Space Communication Networks; Computing Q-D Relationships for Storage of Rocket Fuels; Contour Error Map Algorithm; Portfolio Analysis Tool; Glass Frit Filters for Collecting Metal Oxide Nanoparticles; Anhydrous Proton-Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells; Portable Electron-Beam Free-Form Fabrication System; Miniature Laboratory for Detecting Sparse Biomolecules; Multicompartment Liquid-Cooling/Warming Protective Garments; Laser Metrology for an Optical-Path-Length Modulator; PCM Passive Cooling System Containing Active Subsystems; Automated Electrostatics Environmental Chamber; Estimating Aeroheating of a 3D Body Using a 2D Flow Solver; Artificial Immune System for Recognizing Patterns; Computing the Thermodynamic State of a Cryogenic Fluid; Safety and Mission Assurance Performance Metric; Magnetic Control of Concentration Gradient in Microgravity; Avionics for a Small Robotic Inspection Spacecraft; and Simulation of Dynamics of a Flexible Miniature Airplane.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2024

GeoThermalCloud: Cloud Fusion of Big Data and Multi-Physics Models using Machine Learning for Discovery, Exploration, and Development of Hidden Geothermal Resources

The primary goals of this project are identifying hidden geothermal resources in the USA and designing profitable enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Many non-obvious processes and parameters could characterize geothermal resources and could control the ultimate energy potential of geothermal fields. Diverse datasets (e.g., geology, geochemistry, geophysics, satellite, airborne geophysics) are available to help characterize geothermal resources, but this data is sparse and multi-scale that has hindered attempts to leverage the datasets for geothermal exploration and profitable EGS design. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) give promise to overcome these issues. Modern ML methods and tools can (1) analyze large datasets, (2) assimilate model ensembles that include a multitude of inputs and outputs, (3) process sparse datasets, (4) perform transfer learning between sites with different data quality, (5) extract hidden geothermal signatures from field and simulation data, (6) label geothermal resources and processes, (7) identify highvalue data acquisition targets, and (8) guide geothermal exploration and production by selecting optimal exploration, production, and drilling strategies.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2010

Hidden Statistics Approach to Quantum Simulations

Recent advances in quantum information theory have inspired an explosion of interest in new quantum algorithms for solving hard computational (quantum and non-quantum) problems. The basic principle of quantum computation is that the quantum properties can be used to represent structure data, and that quantum mechanisms can be devised and built to perform operations with this data. Three basic non-classical properties of quantum mechanics superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability were main reasons for optimism about capabilities of quantum computers that promised simultaneous processing of large massifs of highly correlated data. Unfortunately, these advantages of quantum mechanics came with a high price. One major problem is keeping the components of the computer in a coherent state, as the slightest interaction with the external world would cause the system to decohere. That is why the hardware implementation of a quantum computer is still unsolved. The basic idea of this work is to create a new kind of dynamical system that would preserve the main three properties of quantum physics superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods. In other words, such a system would reinforce the advantages and minimize limitations of both quantum and classical aspects. Based upon a concept of hidden statistics, a new kind of dynamical system for simulation of Schroedinger equation is proposed. The system represents a modified Madelung version of Schroedinger equation. It preserves superposition, entanglement, and direct-product decomposability while allowing one to measure its state variables using classical methods. Such an optimal combination of characteristics is a perfect match for simulating quantum systems. The model includes a transitional component of quantum potential (that has been overlooked in previous treatment of the Madelung equation). The role of the transitional potential is to provide a jump from a deterministic state to a random state with prescribed probability density. This jump is triggered by blowup instability due to violation of Lipschitz condition generated by the quantum potential. As a result, the dynamics attains quantum properties on a classical scale. The model can be implemented physically as an analog VLSI-based (very-large-scale integration-based) computer, or numerically on a digital computer. This work opens a way of developing fundamentally new algorithms for quantum simulations of exponentially complex problems that expand NASA capabilities in conducting space activities. It has been illustrated that the complexity of simulations of particle interaction can be reduced from an exponential one to a polynomial one.

Zak, Michail↗