Low-speed Wind-tunnel Investigation of a Fixed and a Free-floating Wing-tip Aileron on a Wing with Leading Edge Swept Back 51.3 Degrees
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Macleod, R G↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “floating wind”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A Wafer-Bonded, Floating Element Shear-Stress Sensor Using a Geometric Moire Optical Transduction Technique
This paper presents a geometric Moir optical-based floating-element shear stress sensor for wind tunnel turbulence measurements. The sensor was fabricated using an aligned wafer-bond/thin-back process producing optical gratings on the backside of a floating element and on the top surface of the support wafer. Measured results indicate a static sensitivity of 0.26 microns/Pa, a resonant frequency of 1.7 kHz, and a noise floor of 6.2 mPa/(square root)Hz.
Horowitz, Stephen↗
Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) and Cost Outlook for Offshore Wind in the Philippines [Slides]
The Philippines is planning to deploy offshore wind in the coming decade, and this presentation serves to provide stakeholders (including the Energy Regulatory Commission) with accurate and up-to-date data on offshore wind cost projections both globally and for the country.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
On the accuracy of monthly mean wind speeds over the equatorial Pacific
In this paper, yearlong in situ wind measurements at a 3.8-m height, obtained at three sites along the Pacific equator (95, 110, and 152 deg W), were used to estimate the number of random observations required per month for monthly mean wind speeds accurate to 1.0 m/s and 0.5 m/s. Wind measurements were made with a vector-averaging wind recorder mounted on a surface-following toroid float, which measured speed continuously, and direction nearly continuously. For equatorial Pacific winds in the 95 to 152 deg W region, the typical numbers of random wind observations required per month were found to be about nine for a 1.0 m/s accuracy, and 35 for a 0.5 m/s accuracy. The corresponding number of ship winds would likely be greater. The number of random observations required increased westward and was highly correlated with monthly mean standard deviations.
Halpern, David↗
Wind-Tunnel Tests of a 1/4-Scale Model of the Naval Aircraft Factory Float-Wing Convoy Interceptor, TED No. NACA 2314
A 1/4 - scale model of the Naval Aircraft Factory float-wing convoy interceptor was tested in the Langley 7-by 10-foot tunnel to determine the longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics. The model was tested in the presence of a ground board to determine the effect of simulating the ground on the longitudinal characteristics.
Wells, Evalyn G.↗
The Aerodynamic Drag of Five Models of Side Floats N.A.C.A. Models 51-E, 51-F, 51-G, 51-H, 51-J
The drag of five models of side floats was measured in the N.A.C.A. 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel. The most promising method of reducing the drag of floats indicated by these tests is lowering the angle at which the floats are rigged. The addition of a step to a float does not always increase the drag in the flying range, floats with steps sometimes having lower drag than similar floats without steps. Making the bow chine no higher than necessary might result in a reduction in air drag because of the lower angle of pitch of the chines. Since side floats are used formally to obtain lateral stability when the seaplane is operating on the water at slow speeds or at rest, greater consideration can be given to factors affecting aerodynamic drag than is possible for other types of floats and hulls.
House, R O↗
Wind-tunnel research comparing lateral control devices, particularly at high angles of attack IV : floating tip ailerons on rectangular wings
This report is the fourth of a series on systematic tests conducted which compares lateral control devices with particular reference to their effectiveness at high angles of attack. The present report covers tests with floating tip ailerons on rectangular Clark y wings. Ailerons of two profiles were tested - symmetrical and Clark y, both with adjustable trailing-edge flaps. Each form was tested at three hinge-axis locations, both with and without vertical end plates between the ailerons and the wing proper. The results from these tests are compared with the results from tests on a wing of the same over-all size equipped with average-sized ordinary ailerons.
Weick, Fred E↗
Hydrodynamic and Aerodynamic Tests of Models of Floats for Single-float Seaplanes NACA Models 41-D, 41-E, 61-A, 73, and 73-A
Tests were made in the NACA tank and in the NACA 7 by 10 foot wind tunnel on two models of transverse step floats and three models of pointed step floats considered to be suitable for use with single float seaplanes. The object of the program was the reduction of water resistance and spray of single float seaplanes without reducing the angle of dead rise believed to be necessary for the satisfactory absorption of the shock loads. The results indicated that all the models have less resistance and spray than the model of the Mark V float and that the pointed step floats are somewhat superior to the transverse step floats in these respects. Models 41-D, 61-A, and 73 were tested by the general method over a wide range of loads and speeds. The results are presented in the form of curves and charts for use in design calculations.
Parkinson, J B↗
Offshore Wind Energy Fundamentals for Bangladesh [Slides]
Bangladesh is aiming to limit emissions, and gain access to cleaner, more efficient technologies to support economic growth as the nation strives to achieve high-income status by 2041. Bangladesh identified that it has a potential for offshore wind energy, especially at hub heights of 140 to 160 meters, which is pivotal in diversifying the country's energy mix and ensuring energy security. This one-day webinar is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through two projects: (1) Reinforcing Advanced Energy Systems (RAES) project, implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and (2) Bangladesh Advancing Development and Growth through Energy (BADGE) project, implemented by Tetra Tech.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Wind tunnel research comparing lateral control devices, particularly at high angles of attack XI : various floating tip ailerons on both rectangular and tapered wings
Discussed here are a series of systematic tests being conducted to compare different lateral control devices with particular reference to their effectiveness at high angles of attack. The present tests were made with six different forms of floating tip ailerons of symmetrical section. The tests showed the effect of the various ailerons on the general performance characteristics of the wing, and on the lateral controllability and stability characteristics. In addition, the hinge moments were measured for the most interesting cases. The results are compared with those for a rectangular wing with ordinary ailerons and also with those for a rectangular wing having full-chord floating tip ailerons. Practically all the floating tip ailerons gave satisfactory rolling moments at all angles of attack and at the same time gave no adverse yawing moments of appreciable magnitude. The general performance characteristics with the floating tip ailerons, however, were relatively poor, especially the rate of climb. None of the floating tip ailerons entirely eliminated the auto rotational moments at angles of attack above the stall, but all of them gave lower moments than a plain wing. Some of the floating ailerons fluttered if given sufficiently large deflection, but this could have been eliminated by moving the hinge axis of the ailerons forward. Considering all points including hinge moments, the floating tip ailerons on the wing with 5:1 taper are probably the best of those which were tested.
Weick, Fred E↗
Downwash measurements behind wings with detached float
This investigation, which was made in the small wind tunnel having a diameter of 1.2 m (3.94 feet), embraced three wing models, behind which, at various angles of attack between 0 and 60 degrees, the static pressure and the total pressure along vertical lines (perpendicular to the direction of the undisturbed wind and to the wing span) were measured. The location of these vertical lines are indicated in Figure 1. Moreover, the wing polars were determined by the customary three-component measurements. For testing the pressure field, a Pitot tube and a static probe, both of 2 mm (0.08 in.) in diameter, were mounted 40 mm (1.57 in.) apart on the end of a shaft 1 m (39.37 in.) long.
Petersohn, E↗
A proposed national wind power R and D program
An offshore wind power system is described that consists of wind driven electrical dc generators mounted on floating towers in offshore waters. The output from the generators supplies underwater electrolyzer stations in which water is converted into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is piped to shore for conversion to electricity in fuel cell stations. It is estimated that this system can produce 159 x 10 to the ninth power kilowatt-hours per year. It is concluded that solar energy - and that includes wind energy - is the only way out of the US energy dilemma in the not too distant future.
Heronemus, W.↗
Wind-tunnel measurements and comparison with flight of the boundary layer and heat transfer on a hollow cylinder at Mach 3
The wind tunnel tests were conducted both with and without boundary layer trips at Mach 3 and nominal free stream Reynolds numbers per meter ranging from 3.3 x 10 the 6th power. Instrumentation consisted of pressure orifices, thermocouples, a boundary layer pitot pressure rake, and a floating element skin friction balance. Measurements from both wind tunnel and flight were compared with existing engineering prediction methods.
Stallings, R. L., Jr.↗
Laser Subdivision of the Genesis Concentrator Target Sample 60000
The Genesis Allocation Committee received a request for ~ 1 square centimeter of the diamond-like-carbon (DLC) concentrator target for the analysis of solar wind nitrogen isotopes. The target consists of a single crystal float zone (FZ) silicon substrate having a thickness on the order of 550 micrometers with a 1.5-3.0 micrometer-thick coating of DLC on the exposed surface. The solar wind is implanted shallowly in the front side DLC. The original target was a circular quadrant with a radius of 3.1 cm; however, the piece did not survive intact when the spacecraft suffered an anomalous landing upon returning to Earth on September 8, 2004. An estimated 75% of the DLC target was recovered in at least 18 fragments. The largest fragment, Genesis sample 60000, has been designated for this allocation and is the first sample to be subdivided using our laser scribing system Laser subdivision has associated risks including thermal diffusion of the implant if heating occurs and unintended breakage during cleavage. A careful detailed study and considerable subdividing practice using non-flight FZ diamond on silicon, DOS, wafers has considerably reduced the risk of unplanned breakage during the cleaving process. In addition, backside scribing reduces the risk of possible thermal excursions affecting the implanted solar wind, implanted shallowly in the front side DLC.
Lauer, Howard V., Jr.↗
Aerodynamic characteristics of a canard-balanced free-floating, all-movable stabilizer as obtained from rocket-powered-model flight tests and low-speed wind-tunnel tests
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Gardner, William N↗
OC7 Project Phase II: Code Comparison and Experimental Validation of Hydroelastic Effects and Member-Level Loads in Floating Structures
This paper presents results from Phase II of the OC7 project, focusing on hydroelastic modeling and member-level load prediction for a flexible floating offshore structure. Numerical predictions from 11 academic and industrial partners are validated against experimental measurements obtained from a 1:70-scale test of the VolturnUS-S semisubmersible platform. A comprehensive set of verification and validation cases is examined. The results demonstrate that hydrodynamic added mass has a significant impact on predicted elastic natural frequencies. Under regular wave excitation, the numerical models reproduce platform motions and mooring line tensions with good accuracy. Member-level loads are also predicted with reasonable accuracy. Some discrepancies are observed for potential-flow models not accounting for higher-order effects associated with the instantaneous wetted surface.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Key Drivers for Offshore Wind Deployment in the Western United States
The western coast of the United States has abundant natural resources, including wind, sun, and water. Despite strong ocean winds, offshore wind energy (OSW) in the Western United States is in the early stages of technology development due largely to the deep water off the coast, which requires floating platforms rather than fixed‐bottom turbines. Floating OSW increases the technical difficulty of installation and thus the cost relative to both fixed‐bottom OSW and land‐based turbines. OSW is a potential generation option to help meet increasing demand on the west coast of the United States because it likely has fewer land‐use conflicts than other technologies and complements sources in the existing electricity supply by providing energy during times of high system stress. This paper examines the possible drivers and barriers to OSW deployment on the West Coast using the National Laboratory of the Rockies' state‐of‐the‐art capacity expansion model and the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model. We use ReEDS to explore a multitude of future scenarios looking at key drivers for OSW deployment, including variations on the cost of OSW, electricity demand growth, and the availability of competing technologies to examine the factors that may play a role in OSW growth. Assuming coastal state policies such as renewable portfolio and clean energy standards remain in place, we find that OSW can play a role in meeting electricity demand and provide energy during stressful grid conditions and find that deployment from the least‐cost investment model ranges from 7.6 to 38 GW by 2045.
17 WIND ENERGY↗