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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Machinable, high‐conductivity NaSICON through mitigation of humidity effects during solid‐state synthesis

The Na + super ion conductor (NaSICON, Na 1+x Zr 2 Si x P 3-x O 12 ) is a solid electrolyte well-known for fast, selective Na + transport at low temperatures, uniquely enabling sodium-based batteries. Producing high-quality NaSICON from solid-state methods, especially when cost-effective, potentially hygroscopic precursors are used, is not trivial. To understand and eliminate the influence of humidity during processing, a scheme was developed to reproducibly yield a high Na + conductivity (3.75 mS/cm at 25°C, 81.7 mS/cm at 150°C), high density (97%), and machinable NaSICON without the use of binders, sintering aids, or dopants. Controlled humidity studies over 20%–50% RH coupled with thermal, structural, and electrical analysis reveal that calcination temperatures < 1000°C leave NaSICON processing susceptible to water absorption at > 20% RH due to the presence of hygroscopic Na 3 PO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 during shaping, pressing, and sintering. Water absorption results in NaSICON with lower densities, machinability, and Na+ conductivity, due to impaired intergranular Na+ transport. At the other extreme, fully converting precursor to the NaSICON phase at 1230°C before pressing and sintering leads to poor conductivity and density. By calcining at 1000°C, excellent quality NaSICON may be produced under a range of laboratory environments, enabling low-cost production of high-conductivity, machinable NaSICON necessary the ever-growing energy storage market.

NaSICON↗
NASA NTRS1974

Preliminary tests of vulnerability of typical aircraft electronics to lightning-induced voltages

Tests made on two pieces of typical aircraft electronics equipment to ascertain their vulnerability to simulated lightning-induced transient voltages representative of those which might occur in flight when the aircraft is struck by lightning were conducted. The test results demonstrated that such equipment can be interfered with or damaged by transient voltages as low as 21 volts peak. Greater voltages can cause failure of semiconductor components within the equipment. The results emphasize a need for establishment of coordinated system susceptibility and component vulnerability criteria to achieve lightning protection of aerospace electrical and electronic systems.

Plumer, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

EMC and power quality standards for 20-kHz power distribution

The Space Station Power Distribution System has been baselined as a sinusoidal single phase, 440 VRMS system. This system has certain unique characteristics directly affecting its application. In particular, existing systematic description and control documents were modified to reflect the high operating frequency. This paper will discuss amendments made on Mil STD 704 (Electrical Power Characteristics), and Mil STD 461-B (Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference). In some cases these amendments reflect changes of several orders of magnitude. Implications and impacts of these changes are discussed.

Hansen, Irving G.↗
NASA NTRS1987

EMC and power quality standards for 20-kHz power distribution

The Space Station Power Distribution System has been baselined as a sinusoidal single phase, 440 VRMS system. This system has certain unique characteristics directly affecting its application. In particular, existing systematic description and control documents were modified to reflect the high operating frequency. This paper will discuss amendments made on Mil STD 704 (Electrical Power Characteristics), and Mil STD 461-B (Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference). In some cases these amendments reflect changes of several orders of magnitude. Implications and impacts of these changes are discussed.

Hansen, Irving G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Safe Handling Practices

In 1977 Compugraphic Corporation was experiencing an unacceptable failure rate on microelectronic chips. Company engineers suspected that static electricity was causing the trouble because some electronic components are highly susceptible to damage by electrostatic charge. From a NASA Tech Brief, they learned that Rockwell International had prepared a report on safe handling practices for electronic components. NASA provided a Technical Support Package detailing 50 safe handling procedures affecting workers, work areas, equipment and packaging materials. Where poor practices were discovered, re-education of employees and other corrective measures were undertaken.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2025

Full complex amplitude control of second-harmonic generation via electrically tunable intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

Nonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces based on coupling of the intersubband nonlinear optical response of quantum-engineered semiconductor heterostructures and electromagnetic modes of nanoresonators provide efficient frequency mixing with moderate pump intensities. The resonant nonlinear optical response, represented as a complex function, can be modulated via Stark tuning of intersubband transition energies under applied voltages. However, achieving full complex amplitude control (both phase and magnitude) remains challenging. In this work, we present and experimentally validate electrically tunable nonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces that achieve complete complex amplitude control for second-harmonic generation (SHG). Through a design featuring two in-plane flipped meta-atoms per unit cell, we achieve complete electrical control of both the amplitude and phase of the metasurface second-order nonlinear susceptibility, with a tuning range of 0 to 30 nm V −1 for the magnitude and 0-2π for the phase of the nonlinear optical response. Using these properties, we achieve complete on-off SHG modulation and beam diffraction tuning through electrically controlled amplitude and phase gratings.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions

Electric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V −1 and ~664% V −1 , respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>10 10 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.

Nonlinear optics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Elucidating Design Rules toward Enhanced Solid-State Charge Transport in Oligoether-Functionalized Dioxythiophene-Based Alternating Copolymers

This study investigates the solid-state charge transport properties of the oxidized forms of dioxythiophene-based alternating copolymers consisting of an oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) copolymerized with different aryl groups, dimethyl ProDOT (DMP), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT), respectively, to yield copolymers P(OE3)-D, P(OE3)-E, and P(OE3)-Ph. At a dopant concentration of 5 mM FeTos 3 , the electrical conductivities of these copolymers vary significantly (ranging between 9 and 195 S cm –1 ) with the EDOT copolymer, P(OE3)-E, achieving the highest electrical conductivity. UV–vis–NIR and X-ray spectroscopies show differences in both susceptibility to oxidative doping and extent of oxidation for the P(OE3) series, with P(OE3)-E being the most doped. Wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate that P(OE3)-E generally demonstrates the lowest paracrystallinity values in the series, as well as relatively small π–π stacking distances. The significant (i.e., order of magnitude) increase in electrical conductivity of doped P(OE3)-E films versus doped P(OE3)-D or P(OE3)-Ph films can therefore be attributed to P(OE3)-E exhibiting both the highest carrier ratios in the P(OE3) series, along with good π–π overlap and local ordering (low paracrystallinity values). Furthermore, these trends in the extent of doping and paracrystallinity are consistent with the reduced Fermi energy level and transport function prefactor parameters calculated using the semilocalized transport (SLoT) model. Observed differences in carrier ratios at the transport edge (c t ) and reduced Fermi energies [η(c)] suggest a broader electronic band (better overlap and more delocalization) for the EDOT-incorporating P(OE3)-E polymer relative to P(OE3)-D and P(OE3)-Ph. Ultimately, we rationalize improvements in electrical conductivity due to microstructural and doping enhancements caused by EDOT incorporation, a structure–property relationship worth considering in the future design of highly electrically conductive systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2023

Lessons Learned From Evaluation and Mitigation of Space Charging Threat Due to Use of Isolated (Hybrid) Bearings on the Pace Ocean Color Instrument

A high precision, high resolution Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) was developed for the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission which required the use of electrically isolated Hybrid Bearings (silicon nitride balls). While desirable for technical performance of the instrument, this application caused portions of the instrument to become electrically isolated and come under threat of space charging effects from charged particles and the resultant differential charging. An evaluation of the environment, susceptibility of the components, such as bearings and electronics, and mitigation strategies were performed. As part of that process, simulations of the charging environment, analysis of internal mechanism charging and prediction of most likely discharge paths, testing of the bearings for susceptibility as well as resulting damage were performed and analyzed. Additionally, a novel method to deal with charging was developed. Considerations for dealing with electrically isolated mechanisms, results of the above-mentioned efforts as well as lessons learned are presented.

space charging↗
DOE OSTI2023

Giant magnetoresistance in the crystalline YCd 6 intermetallic compound

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in bulk nonmagnetic compounds has received considerable attention since this phenomenon challenged the classical understanding of electron transport under a magnetic field. Here, we report magnetotransport properties of the diamagnetic intermetallic compound YCd 6 for applied magnetic fields up to 35 T and temperatures down to 0.4 K that reveal GMR. We argue that the large MR value can be explained in terms of field-induced pseudogaps on a Fermi surface. These results are relevant to the understanding of the Fermi-surface topology of quasicrystal approximants.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Crystal-field states and defect levels in candidate quantum spin ice Ce 2 Hf 2 O 7

Here, we report the synthesis of powder and single-crystal samples of cerium pyrohafnate and their characterization using neutron diffraction, thermogravimetry and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We evaluate the amount of nonmagnetic Ce 4+ defects and use this result to interpret the spectrum of crystal-electric field transitions observed using inelastic neutron scattering. The analysis of these single-ion transitions indicates the dipole-octupole nature of the ground-state doublet and a significant degree of spin-lattice coupling. The single-ion properties calculated from the crystal-electric field parameters obtained spectroscopically are in good agreement with bulk magnetic susceptibility data down to about 1 K. Below this temperature, the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility indicates a correlated regime without showing any sign of magnetic long-range order or freezing down to 0.08 K. We conclude that Ce 2 Hf 2 O 7 is another candidate to investigate exotic correlated states of quantum matter, such as the octupolar quantum spin ice recently argued to exist in the isostructural compounds Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 and Ce 2 Zr 2 O 7 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Structural changes induced by electric currents in a single crystal of Pr 2 CuO 4

We demonstrate an approach to the structural and electronic property modification of perovskites, focusing on Pr 2 CuO 4 , an undoped parent compound of a class of electron-doped copper-oxide superconductors. Currents were passed parallel or perpendicular to the copper oxygen layers with the voltage ramped up until a rapid drop in the resistivity was achieved, a process referred to as “flash.” The current was then further increased tenfold in current-control mode. This state was quenched by immersion into liquid nitrogen. Flash can drive many compounds into different atomic structures with new properties, whereas the quench freezes them into a long-lived state. Single-crystal neutron diffraction of as-grown and modified Pr 2 CuO 4 revealed a √10 ×√10 superlattice due to oxygen-vacancy order. The diffraction peak intensities of the superlattice of the modified sample were significantly enhanced relative to the pristine sample. Raman-active phonons in the modified sample were considerably sharper. Measurements of electrical resistivity, magnetization, and two-magnon Raman scattering indicate that the modification affected only the Pr-O layers, but not the Cu-O planes. These results point to enhanced oxygen-vacancy order in the modified samples well beyond what can be achieved without passing electrical current. Our work opens a new avenue toward electric field/quench control of structure and properties of layered perovskite oxides.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterization of Harsh Environments, At-Risk Microgrid Components, and Hardening Technologies (Report Version 0.1)

Microgrid implementation can help improve electrical service, reliability, and resilience for localized communities. However, they may be susceptible to damage from natural disasters and extreme weather events, which often coincide with times of greater community dependence on microgrids due to likely increased vulnerability of equipment on the main grid. Microgrid equipment can be protected against these hazards through various hardening techniques. The selection of hardening mitigations may depend on the actual risk of the hazard in the specific location and for the specific type of system, as well as cost and feasibility factors. This report summarizes a framework that can be used to characterize risk to a microgrid system from a list of natural hazards enumerated by FEMA. We also describe hardening techniques and mitigations that can be used for specific energy generation, storage, loads, and power delivery elements within a microgrid.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1987

Superconductivity at 52.5 K in the lanthanum-barium-copper-oxide system

The electrical properties of the (La/0/9/Ba/0.1/)CuO/4-y/ system are examined under ambient and hydrostatic pressures. The resistance, ac magnetic susceptibility, and superconductivity onset, midpoint, and intercept temperatures are measured. It is observed that at ambient pressure the resistance decreases with temperature decreases, and the ac susceptibility shows diamagnetic shifts starting at about 32 K. Under hydrostatic pressure a superconducting transition with an onset temperature of 52.5 K is observed, and the resistance increases at lower temperatures. The data reveal that the electrical properties of the La-Ba-Cu-O system are dependent on samples and preparation conditions. Various causes for the high temperature superconductivity of the system are proposed.

Chu, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS2016

System and Method for Determining Fluence of a Substance

A system and method for measuring a fluence of gas are disclosed. The system has a first light detector capable of outputting an electrical signal based on an amount of light received. A barrier is positionable adjacent the first light detector and is susceptible to a change in dimension from the fluence of the gas. The barrier permits a portion of light from being received by the first light detector. The change in the dimension of the barrier changes the electrical signal output from the first light detector. A second light detector is positionable to receive light representative of the first light detector without the barrier. The system and method have broad application to detect fluence of gas that may cause erosion chemical reaction causing erosive deterioration. One application is in low orbit Earth for detecting the fluence of atomic oxygen.

Banks, Bruce A.↗
NASA NTRS2021

NASA Engineering and Safety Center Technical Bulletin No. 19-01-1: Mitigating Risks of Single-Event Effects in Space Applications

Since most Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts are intended for terrestrial applications, they are susceptible to a range of radiation threats in the space environment if the resulting effects are not properly characterized and mitigated. Even specially designed radiation-hardened parts may not be tolerant to all types of radiation effects. Radiation hardness is a multi-dimensional property of any part that describes intrinsic abilities to tolerate various radiation environments [1,2]. Effects to be concerned with include total ionizing dose, total non-ionizing dose, and single-event effects (SEE) – all of which depend on the mission, environment, application, and lifetime. Radiation effects concerns may be the same whether a EEE part is Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS), MIL-SPEC, or some other variant, all of which are susceptible to the same radiation threats [3]. SEE consequences range from recoverable faults to catastrophic failure. Like other random faults, SEE can be mitigated with informed circuit design practices at the device, card, and/or system level.

Single-event effects↗