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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Fractonic gauge theory of smectics

Motivated by striped correlated quantum matter, and the recently developed duality between elasticity of a two-dimensional (2D) crystal and a gauge theory, we derive a dual coupled U(1) vector gauge theory for a two-dimensional (2D) quantum smectic, where the disclination is mapped onto the fractonic charge, that we demonstrate can only move transversely to smectic layers. This smectic gauge theory dual also emerges from a gauge dual of a quantum crystal through a Higgs transition corresponding to a single flavor of its dipole condensation, an anisotropic quantum melting via dislocation proliferation. A condensation of the second flavor of dislocations a corresponds to another Higgs transition describing the smectic-to-nematic melting. We also utilize the electrostatic limit of this duality to formulate a melting of a 2D classical smectic in terms of a higher derivative sine–Gordon model, demonstrating its instability to a nematic at any nonzero temperature. Generalizing this classical duality to a 3D smectic, gives formulation of a 3D nematic-to-smectic transition in terms of an anisotropic Abelian-Higgs model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Helicity, spin, and infra-zilch of light: A Lorentz covariant formulation

Highlights: • Spin and orbital parts of angular momentum. • The helicity tensor contains the helicity, spin and infra-zilch currents. • The helicity tensor is a Noether current for a duality-symmetric action. • Symmetry generator for the helicity tensor. • The helicity tensor is conserved in Lorenz gauge. In this paper, a novel conserved Lorentz covariant tensor, termed the helicity tensor, is introduced in Maxwell theory. The conservation of the helicity tensor expresses the conservation laws contained in the helicity array, introduced by Cameron et al. (2012), including helicity, spin, as well as the spin-flux or infra-zilch. The Lorentz covariance of the helicity tensor is in contrast to previous formulations of the helicity hierarchy of conservation laws, which required the non-Lorentz covariant transverse gauge. The helicity tensor is shown to arise as a Noether current for a variational symmetry of a duality-symmetric Lagrangian for Maxwell theory. This symmetry transformation generalizes the duality symmetry and includes the symmetry underlying the conservation of the spin part of the angular momentum.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena in QCD and Related Theories

Here, this book introduces a variety of aspects in nonperturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), focusing on the topological objects present in gauge theories. These objects, like magnetic monopoles, instantons, instanton-dyons, sphalerons, QCD flux tubes, etc, are first introduced individually and, later, treated collectively. As ensembles, they produce various phenomena that can be modeled numerically in lattice gauge theories and such collective effects, produced on the lattice, are extensively discussed in some chapters. In turn, the notion of duality, which is crucial in modern field/string theories, is elucidated by taking into consideration the electric-magnetic duality, the Poisson duality, and the AdS/CFT duality.This monograph is based on various lectures given by Edward Shuryak at Stony Brook during the last three decades and it is meant for advanced graduate students and young researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics who are willing to consolidate their knowledge in the topological phenomena encountered in fundamental QCD research.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tensionless strings on AdS 3 orbifolds

The bound state of one NS5 brane (wrapped on a T 4 ) and N NS1-branes has two dual descriptions: its low-energy dynamics is described by the symmetric orbifold of T 4 , while the near horizon geometry is captured by string theory on AdS 3 × S 3 × T 4 with one unit of NS flux. The latter theory is exactly solvable in the hybrid formalism, and this allows one to prove the equivalence of the two descriptions. In this paper we extend this duality to Z k orbifolds of this AdS 3 × S 3 background. In particular, we show that the corresponding worldsheet spectrum reproduces exactly the perturbative excitations on top of a certain non-perturbative state in the dual symmetric orbifold theory. Since the AdS/CFT duality map is exact for these models, we obtain an interesting picture of how the duality relates boundary and bulk descriptions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

BCJ amplitude relations for Anti-de Sitter boundary correlators in embedding space

We generalize the color/kinematics duality of flat-space scattering amplitudes to the embedding space formulation of AdS boundary correlators. Kinematic numerators and propagators are replaced with differential operators acting on a scalar contact diagram that is the AdS generalization of the momentum conserving delta function of flat space scattering amplitudes. We show that color/kinematics duality implies differential relations among AdS boundary correlators that naturally generalize the flat space BCJ amplitude relations and verify them for the correlators of Yang-Mills theory and of the Nonlinear Sigma Model through four- and six-points, respectively. For the latter we also find representations of the four- and six-point correlator that manifest the duality. Possible double-copy procedures in AdS space are also discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Testing cosmology with double source lensing

Double source lensing provides a dimensionless ratio of distance ratios, a "remote viewing" of cosmology through distances relative to the gravitational lens, beyond the observer. We use this to test the cosmological framework, particularly with respect to spatial curvature and the distance duality relation. We derive a consistency equation for constant spatial curvature, allowing not only the investigation of flat vs curved but of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker framework itself. For distance duality, we demonstrate that the evolution of the lens mass profile slope must be controlled to ≳ 5 times tighter fractional precision than a claimed distance duality violation. Furthermore, using LensPop forecasts of double source lensing systems in Euclid and LSST surveys we also explore constraints on dark energy equation of state parameters and any evolution of the lens mass profile slope.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Obstructions to gapped phases from noninvertible symmetries

Quantum systems in 3+1 dimensions that are invariant under gauging a one-form symmetry enjoy novel noninvertible duality symmetries encoded by topological defects. These symmetries are renormalization group invariants which constrain dynamics. We show that such noninvertible symmetries often forbid a symmetry-preserving vacuum state with a gapped spectrum. In particular, we prove that a self-dual theory with $\mathbb{Z}^{(1)}_N$ one-form symmetry is gapless or spontaneously breaks the self-duality symmetry unless N = k 2 ⁢ℓ where –1 is a quadratic residue modulo . We also extend these results to noninvertible symmetries arising from invariance under more general gauging operations including, e.g., triality symmetries. Along the way, we discover how duality defects in symmetry-protected topological phases have a hidden time-reversal symmetry that organizes their basic properties. These noninvertible symmetries are realized in lattice gauge theories, which serve to illustrate our results.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Virasoro minimal string

We introduce a critical string theory in two dimensions and demonstrate that this theory, viewed as two-dimensional quantum gravity on the worldsheet, is equivalent to a double-scaled matrix integral. The worldsheet theory consists of Liouville CFT with central charge c ≥ ≥ 25 coupled to timelike Liouville CFT with central charge 26-c. The double-scaled matrix integral has as its leading density of states the universal Cardy density of primaries in a two-dimensional CFT, thus motivating the name Virasoro minimal string. The duality holds for any value of the continuous parameter c c and reduces to the JT gravity/matrix integral duality in the large central charge limit. It thus provides a precise stringy realization of JT gravity. The main observables of the Virasoro minimal string are quantum analogues of the Weil-Petersson volumes, which are computed as absolutely convergent integrals of worldsheet CFT correlators over the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. By exploiting a relation of the Virasoro minimal string to three-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces, we are able to give a direct derivation of the duality. We provide many checks, such as explicit numerical - and in special cases, analytic - integration of string diagrams, the identification of the CFT boundary conditions with asymptotic boundaries of the two-dimensional spacetime, and the matching between the leading non-perturbative corrections of the worldsheet theory and the matrix integral. As a byproduct, we discover natural conformal boundary conditions for timelike Liouville CFT.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

A microscopic realization of dS$_3$

We propose a precise duality between pure de Sitter quantum gravity in 2+1 2 + 1 dimensions and a double-scaled matrix integral. This duality unfolds in two distinct aspects. First, by carefully quantizing the gravitational phase space, we arrive at a novel proposal for the quantum state of the universe at future infinity. We compute cosmological correlators of massive particles in the universe specified by this wavefunction. Integrating these correlators over the metric at future infinity yields gauge-invariant observables, which are identified with the string amplitudes of the complex Liouville string [S. Collier et al., arXiv: 2409.17246]. This establishes a direct connection between integrated cosmological correlators and the resolvents of the matrix integral dual to the complex Liouville string, thereby demonstrating one aspect of the dS _3 3 /matrix integral duality. The second aspect concerns the cosmological horizon of the dS static patch and the Gibbons-Hawking entropy it is conjectured to encode. We show that this entropy can be reproduced exactly by counting the entries of the matrix.

Collier, Scott (ORCID:0000000286476653)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effect of plasticity on the experimental characterization of the creep property of a cement paste: Spherical vs. conical microindentation

Microindentation is today a powerful tool for rapidly characterizing the elastic modulus and the logarithmic basic creep of a cement paste. However, a theoretical work proved that a microindentation test with a sharp indenter shape involves stress concentration and delayed plasticity which can cause an overestimation of the estimated creep property. This work aims at experimentally investigating the effect of the shape indenter on the identification of the visco-elastic property of a cement paste by microindentation. First, several microindentation grids were carried out on a cement paste with both a Berkovich indenter and a spherical indenter at different penetration depths or load levels for load control (creep) tests or displacement control (relaxation) tests, respectively. As for a visco-elastic material the duality principle between creep and relaxation holds, a numerical method was developed for predicting the relaxation response from the assumed logarithmic creep compliance. The present results show that only spherical microindentation satisfy the duality principle for which creep and relaxation response can be predicted by a unique logarithmic creep compliance function. Finally, spherical microindentation creep tests at low load as well as spherical microindentation relaxation tests provide a greater indentation modulus M and contact creep modulus C{sub v} as likely less affected by possible plasticity effects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

(2+1)-dimensional compact Lifshitz theory, tensor gauge theory, and fractons

The (2+1)-dimensional continuum Lifshitz theory of a free compact scalar field plays a prominent role in a variety of quantum systems in condensed matter physics and high energy physics. It is known that in compact space, it has an infinite ground-state degeneracy. In order to understand this theory better, we consider two candidate lattice regularizations of it using the modified Villain formalism. We show that these two lattice theories have significantly different global symmetries (including a dipole global symmetry), anomalies, ground-state degeneracies, and dualities. In particular, one of them is self-dual. Given these theories and their global symmetries, we can couple them to corresponding gauge theories. Here, these are two different U(1) tensor gauge theories. The resulting models have excitations with restricted mobility, i.e., fractons. Finally, we give an exact lattice realization of the fracton and lineon-elasticity dualities for the Lifshitz theory, and scalar and vector charge gauge theories.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2023

On the BPS Sector in AdS 3 /CFT 2 Holography

Abstract The BPS sector in duality has been fertile ground for the exploration of gauge/gravity duality, from the match between black hole entropy and the CFT elliptic genus to the construction of large families of geometrical microstates and the identification of the corresponding states in the CFT. Worldsheet methods provide a tool to further explore the relation between string theory in the bulk and corresponding CFT quantities. We show how to match individual BPS strings to their counterparts in the symmetric product orbifold CFT. In the process, we find an exact match between known constructions of microstate geometries and condensates of BPS supergraviton strings, and discuss their role in the broader collection of BPS states. In particular, we explore how microstate geometries develop singularities; and how string theory resolves these singularities through the appearance of “tensionless” string dynamics, which is the continuation of structures found in the weak‐coupling CFT into the strongly coupled regime described by string theory in the bulk. We argue that such “tensionless” strings are responsible for black hole microstructure in the bulk description.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Quantum Condition Space

Abstract The fundamental properties of quantum physics are exploited to evaluate event probabilities with projection measurements. Next, to study what events can be specified by quantum methods, the concept of the condition space is introduced, which is found to be the dual space of the classical outcome space of bit strings. Like the classical outcome space generates the quantum state space, the condition space generates the quantum condition space being the central idea of this work. The quantum condition space permits the existence of entangled conditions having no classical equivalent. In addition, the quantum condition space is related to the quantum state space by a Fourier transform guaranteed by the Pontryagin duality, and therefore an entropic uncertainty principle can be defined. The quantum condition space offers a novel perspective of understanding quantum states with the duality picture. Furthermore, the quantum conditions have physical meanings and realizations of their own and thus may be studied for purposes beyond the original motivation of characterizing events for probability evaluation. Finally, the relation between the condition space and quantum circuits provides insights into how quantum states are collectively modified by quantum gates, which may lead to deeper understanding of the complexity of quantum circuits.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Asymptotically Free AdS 3 /CFT 2

We propose a new AdS 3 /CFT 2 duality, in which the bulk string theory has a target spacetime AdS 3 times a squashed three-sphere $S$$^{3}_{b}$, and the dual CFT 2 is a symmetric product of sigma models on R Φ × $S$$^{3}_{b}$, deformed by a Φ-dependent Z 2 twist operator. The duality maps the asymptotic region of AdS 3 to the region Φ → ∞, where the twist interaction in the CFT 2 turns off. The AdS 3 backgrounds in question have R AdS < ℓ s , and so lie on the string side of the string/black hole correspondence transition. As a consequence, the high energy density of states consists of a string gas in AdS 3 rather than an ensemble of BTZ black holes. Furthermore, this property allows us to derive the dual CFT 2 by a systematic analysis of the worldsheet string theory on AdS 3 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A two-loop four-point form factor at function level

Recently, the maximally-helicity-violating four-point form factor for the chiral stress-energy tensor in planar $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 super Yang-Mills was computed to three loops at the level of the symbol associated with multiple polylogarithms. It exhibits antipodal self-duality, or invariance under the combined action of a kinematic map and reversing the ordering of letters in the symbol. Here we lift the two-loop form factor from symbol level to function level. We provide an iterated representation of the function’s derivatives (coproducts). In order to do so, we find a three-parameter limit of the five-parameter phase space where the symbol’s letters are all rational. We also use function-level information about dihedral symmetries and the soft, collinear, and factorization limits, as well as limits governed by the form-factor operator product expansion (FFOPE). We provide plots of the remainder function on several kinematic slices, and show that the result is compatible with the FFOPE data. We further verify that antipodal self-duality is valid at two loops beyond the level of the symbol.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Strings, extended objects, and the classical double copy

We extend Shen’s recent formulation (arXiv:1806.07388) of the classical double copy, based on explicit color-kinematic duality, to the case of finite-size sources with non-zero spin. For the case of spinning Yang-Mills sources, the most general consistent double copy consists of gravitating objects which carry pairs of spin degrees of freedom. We find that the couplings of such objects to background fields match those of a classical (i.e. heavy) closed bosonic string, suggesting a string theory interpretation of sources related by color-kinematics duality. As a special case, we identify a limit, corresponding to unoriented strings, in which the 2-form Kalb-Ramond axion field decouples from the gravitational side of the double copy. Finally, we apply the classical double copy to extended objects, described by the addition of finite-size operators to the worldline effective theory. We find that consistency of the color-to-kinematics map requires that the Wilson coefficients of tidal operators obey certain relations, indicating that the extended gravitating objects generated by the double copy of Yang-Mills are not completely generic.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Constraints on a massive double-copy and applications to massive gravity

We propose and study a BCJ double-copy of massive particles, showing that it is equivalent to a KLT formula with a kernel given by the inverse of a matrix of massive bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes. For models with a uniform non-zero mass spectrum we demonstrate that the resulting double-copy factors on physical poles and that up to at least 5-particle scattering, color-kinematics duality satisfying numerators always exist. For the scattering of 5 or more particles, the procedure generically introduces spurious singularities that must be cancelled by imposing additional constraints. When massive particles are present, color-kinematics duality is not enough to guarantee a physical double-copy. As an example, we apply the formalism to massive Yang-Mills and show that up to 4-particle scattering the double-copy construction generates physical amplitudes of a model of dRGT massive gravity coupled to a dilaton and a two-form with dilaton parity violating couplings. We show that the spurious singularities in the 5-particle double-copy do not cancel in this example, and the construction fails to generate physically sensible amplitudes. We conjecture sufficient constraints on the mass spectrum, which in addition to massive BCJ relations, guarantee the absence of spurious singularities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Perfecting one-loop BCJ numerators in SYM and supergravity

We take a major step towards computing D-dimensional one-loop amplitudes in general gauge theories, compatible with the principles of unitarity and the color-kinematics duality. For n-point amplitudes with either supersymmetry multiplets or generic non-supersymmetric matter in the loop, simple all-multiplicity expressions are obtained for the maximal cuts of kinematic numerators of n-gon diagrams. At n = 6, 7 points with maximal supersymmetry, we extend the cubic-diagram numerators to encode all contact terms, and thus solve the long-standing problem of simultaneously realizing the following properties: color-kinematics duality, manifest locality, optimal power counting of loop momenta, quadratic rather than linearized Feynman propagators, compatibility with double copy as well as all graph symmetries. Color-kinematics dual representations with similar properties are presented in the half-maximally supersymmetric case at n = 4, 5 points. The resulting gauge-theory integrands and their supergravity counterparts obtained from the double copy are checked to reproduce the expected ultraviolet divergences.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗