Proposed acousto-optic filter
Narrow band optical filter is electronically tunable over a large wavelength region. The filter utilizes collinear acousto-optic diffraction in an optically anisotropic media.
Harris, S. E.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “diffractive optics”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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NASA Tech Briefs, September 2008
Topics covered include: Nanotip Carpets as Antireflection Surfaces; Nano-Engineered Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells; Capillography of Mats of Nanofibers; Directed Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Across Gaps; High-Voltage, Asymmetric-Waveform Generator; Magic-T Junction Using Microstrip/Slotline Transitions; On-Wafer Measurement of a Silicon-Based CMOS VCO at 324 GHz; Group-III Nitride Field Emitters; HEMT Amplifiers and Equipment for their On-Wafer Testing; Thermal Spray Formation of Polymer Coatings; Improved Gas Filling and Sealing of an HC-PCF; Making More-Complex Molecules Using Superthermal Atom/Molecule Collisions; Nematic Cells for Digital Light Deflection; Improved Silica Aerogel Composite Materials; Microgravity, Mesh-Crawling Legged Robots; Advanced Active-Magnetic-Bearing Thrust- Measurement System; Thermally Actuated Hydraulic Pumps; A New, Highly Improved Two-Cycle Engine; Flexible Structural-Health-Monitoring Sheets; Alignment Pins for Assembling and Disassembling Structures; Purifying Nucleic Acids from Samples of Extremely Low Biomass; Adjustable-Viewing-Angle Endoscopic Tool for Skull Base and Brain Surgery; UV-Resistant Non-Spore-Forming Bacteria From Spacecraft-Assembly Facilities; Hard-X-Ray/Soft-Gamma-Ray Imaging Sensor Assembly for Astronomy; Simplified Modeling of Oxidation of Hydrocarbons; Near-Field Spectroscopy with Nanoparticles Deposited by AFM; Light Collimator and Monitor for a Spectroradiometer; Hyperspectral Fluorescence and Reflectance Imaging Instrument; Improving the Optical Quality Factor of the WGM Resonator; Ultra-Stable Beacon Source for Laboratory Testing of Optical Tracking; Transmissive Diffractive Optical Element Solar Concentrators; Delaying Trains of Short Light Pulses in WGM Resonators; Toward Better Modeling of Supercritical Turbulent Mixing; JPEG 2000 Encoding with Perceptual Distortion Control; Intelligent Integrated Health Management for a System of Systems; Delay Banking for Managing Air Traffic; and Spline-Based Smoothing of Airfoil Curvatures.
Source record↗
Universal linear intensity transformations using spatially incoherent diffractive processors
Abstract Under spatially coherent light, a diffractive optical network composed of structured surfaces can be designed to perform any arbitrary complex-valued linear transformation between its input and output fields-of-view (FOVs) if the total number ( N ) of optimizable phase-only diffractive features is ≥~2 N i N o , where N i and N o refer to the number of useful pixels at the input and the output FOVs, respectively. Here we report the design of a spatially incoherent diffractive optical processor that can approximate any arbitrary linear transformation in time-averaged intensity between its input and output FOVs. Under spatially incoherent monochromatic light, the spatially varying intensity point spread function ( H ) of a diffractive network, corresponding to a given, arbitrarily-selected linear intensity transformation, can be written as H ( m , n ; m ′, n ′) = | h ( m , n ; m ′, n ′)| 2 , where h is the spatially coherent point spread function of the same diffractive network, and ( m , n ) and ( m ′, n ′) define the coordinates of the output and input FOVs, respectively. Using numerical simulations and deep learning, supervised through examples of input-output profiles, we demonstrate that a spatially incoherent diffractive network can be trained to all-optically perform any arbitrary linear intensity transformation between its input and output if N ≥ ~2 N i N o . We also report the design of spatially incoherent diffractive networks for linear processing of intensity information at multiple illumination wavelengths, operating simultaneously. Finally, we numerically demonstrate a diffractive network design that performs all-optical classification of handwritten digits under spatially incoherent illumination, achieving a test accuracy of >95%. Spatially incoherent diffractive networks will be broadly useful for designing all-optical visual processors that can work under natural light.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Diffraction-Based Optical Switch
Method and system for controllably redirecting a light beam, having a central wavelength lambda, from a first light-receiving site to a second light-receiving site. A diffraction grating is attached to or part of a piezoelectric substrate, which is connected to one or two controllable voltage difference sources. When a substrate voltage difference is changed and the diffraction grating length in each of one or two directions is thereby changed, at least one of the diffraction angle, the diffraction order and the central wavelength is controllably changed. A diffracted light beam component, having a given wavelength, diffraction angle and diffraction order, that is initially received at a first light receiving site (e.g., a detector or optical fiber) is thereby controllably shifted or altered and can be received at a second light receiving site. A polynomially stepped, chirped grating is used in one embodiment. In another embodiment, an incident light beam, having at least one of first and second wavelengths, lambda1 and lambda2, is received and diffracted at a first diffraction grating to provide a first diffracted beam. The first diffracted beam is received and diffracted at a second diffraction grating to produce a second diffracted beam. The second diffracted beam is received at a light-sensitive transducer, having at least first and second spaced apart light detector elements that are positioned so that, when the incident light beam has wavelength lambda1 or lambda2 (lambda1 not equal to lambda2), the second diffracted beam is received at the first element or at the second element, respectively; change in a selected physical parameter at the second grating can also be sensed or measured. A sequence of spaced apart light detector elements can be positioned along a linear or curvilinear segment with equal or unequal spacing.
Stevan M Sperno↗
Bragg diffraction from sub-micron particles isolated by optical tweezers
We describe an apparatus using dynamic holographic optical tweezers which is capable of trapping and aligning a single micron scale anisotropic ZnO particle for x-ray Bragg diffraction experiments. The optical tweezers demonstrate enough stability to perform coherent x-ray diffraction imaging.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Ionization-Based Optical Structures for the Control of Short-Pulse Lasers (Abbreviated LDRD Report)
The intensity of light from the highest-power lasers is limited by the size of the optics required to amplify, compress, transport, and focus a laser beam. Indeed, optics damage puts strict constraints on the laser energy density that solid optics can sustain; this leads to enormous optics sizes and limits the maximum intensity that these lasers can achieve. In this project we investigated new types of diffractive optics based on mixtures of neutral gas and plasmas. The basic idea is to interfere laser beams in a gas near the ionization threshold, so that plasma is created in the constructive interference regions (i.e., the “bright” fringes of the interference pattern) while the destructive interference regions remain a neutral gas. The resulting refractive index modulation, due to the different indices in gas vs. plasma, effectively turns such structures into diffractive optics elements. We proposed several new types of optics based on this general concept: i) reflection gratings, which can act as mirrors of “pulse cleaners” to eliminate laser pre-pulse; ii) transmission gratings, as part of a new type of pulse compression scheme with the potential to achieve laser intensities orders of magnitude above what is currently feasible using solid-state optics; and iii) holographic lenses, to focus high-power lasers. We conducted laboratory experiments which demonstrated high efficiency reflection gratings, paving the way for practical applications of our new concepts.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Fabrication of optical reflecting diffraction gratings by light-interference phenomenon
Features of technique: major reduction in cost of fabrication; gratings exhibit low stray or scattered radiation, improve signal noise ratio, and eliminate false spectral-lines; gratings can be fabricated free of optical aberrations, with high groove frequencies, and on practically any surface geometry; and fabrication time has been reduced.
Caruso, A. J.↗
Diffraction-based optical correlator
Method and system for wavelength-based processing of a light beam. A light beam, produced at a chemical or physical reaction site and having at least first and second wavelengths, ?1 and ?2, is received and diffracted at a first diffraction grating to provide first and second diffracted beams, which are received and analyzed in terms of wavelength and/or time at two spaced apart light detectors. In a second embodiment, light from first and second sources is diffracted and compared in terms of wavelength and/or time to determine if the two beams arise from the same source. In a third embodiment, a light beam is split and diffracted and passed through first and second environments to study differential effects. In a fourth embodiment, diffracted light beam components, having first and second wavelengths, are received sequentially at a reaction site to determine whether a specified reaction is promoted, based on order of receipt of the beams. In a fifth embodiment, a cylindrically shaped diffraction grating (uniform or chirped) is rotated and translated to provide a sequence of diffracted beams with different wavelengths. In a sixth embodiment, incident light, representing one or more symbols, is successively diffracted from first and second diffraction gratings and is received at different light detectors, depending upon the wavelengths present in the incident light.
Spremo, Stevan M.↗
Examining the shock response of metals using X-ray diffraction and optical pyrometry diagnostics
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Dynamic compression, Multiphase properties, pyrome↗
Regularities of femtosecond filamentation in the case of superposition of Gaussian and annular laser beams
The self-action of high-power femtosecond laser beams with a radiation wavelength of 800 nm (formed by superposition of Gaussian and annular beams) in air is theoretically modelled. A detailed analysis of self-focusing and filamentation of this radiation is performed based on the numerical solution of the spectral equation of the unidirectional propagation of a wave packet with allowance for the nonlinearity of the medium, and by tracing averaged diffraction-optical rays. It is shown that, in terms of the diffraction-beam optics, the outer annulus forms a waveguide, which facilitates self-trapping of the central part of the combined beam, supplying the light energy to the filament. The spatial stability of this waveguide depends on the energy stored in the annulus and on the distance from the latter to the beam axis.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Four-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometer for magnetoencephalography
We have developed a four-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometer for magnetoencephalography (MEG) that incorporates a passive diffractive optical element (DOE). The DOE allows us to achieve a long, 18-mm gradiometer baseline in a compact footprint on the head. Using gradiometry, the sensitivities of the channels are < 5 fT/Hz 1/2 , and the 3-dB bandwidths are approximately 90 Hz, which are both sufficient to perform MEG. Additionally, the channels are highly uniform, which offers the possibility of employing standard MEG post-processing techniques. As a result, this module will serve as a building block of an array for magnetic source localization.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Resonant diffraction gratings for spatial differentiation of optical beams
Diffraction of a two-dimensional optical beam from a resonant diffraction grating is considered. It is shown that at certain resonance parameters the diffraction grating allows for spatial differentiation and integration of the incident beam. The parameters of the diffraction grating for spatial differentiation of optical beams in the transmission geometry are calculated. It is shown that the differentiating diffraction grating allows the conversion of the two-dimensional beam into the two-dimensional Hermite – Gaussian mode. The presented results of numerical modelling are in good agreement with the proposed theoretical description. The use of the considered resonant diffraction gratings is promising for solving the problems of all-optical data processing. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Apparatus and method for creating a photonic densely-accumulated ray-point
An optical apparatus includes an optical diffraction device configured for diffracting a predetermined wavelength of incident light onto adjacent optical focal points, and a photon detector for detecting a spectral characteristic of the predetermined wavelength. One of the optical focal points is a constructive interference point and the other optical focal point is a destructive interference point. The diffraction device, which may be a micro-zone plate (MZP) of micro-ring gratings or an optical lens, generates a constructive ray point using phase-contrasting of the destructive interference point. The ray point is located between adjacent optical focal points. A method of generating a densely-accumulated ray point includes directing incident light onto the optical diffraction device, diffracting the selected wavelength onto the constructive interference focal point and the destructive interference focal point, and generating the densely-accumulated ray point in a narrow region.
Park, Yeonjoon↗
X-ray laser diffraction and optical image data from freezing supercooled water drops
Please check the README file for more information about the dataset.
CXI↗
Demonstration of a tandem lens for producing shaped laser-ionized plasmas for plasma wakefield acceleration
We demonstrate a tandem lens optical setup, comprising two diffractive optics, that focuses a high-power ultrafast laser with a shaped on-axis intensity profile, producing a meter-long Bessel focus. The intended use of the optical setup is to produce a laser-ionized plasma source for plasma wakefield acceleration. By controlling the on-axis intensity, the density profile of the plasma ramps at the entrance and exit of the plasma can be tailored to optimize the matching of the electron beam into the plasma. In addition to demonstrating the optical system, we describe the algorithm used to calculate the lens phases and present detailed calculations of the lenses’ expected performance.
Ariniello, Robert [SLAC National Accelerator Labor↗
A Monte Carlo approach to tolerance analysis of a near-diffraction limited optical imaging system
A computer program was developed to generate random numbers on the Sigma V computer. A subroutine gave a random real number from a uniform distribution on the interval (0,1). A normal distribution with mean zero and variance 1 was also obtained.
Davenport, W. H.↗
Large Aperture Multiplexed Diffractive Lidar Optics
We have delivered only 2 or 3 UV Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) thus far and have fallen short of the intended goal in size and in dual wavelength function. Looking back, it has been fortuitous that we even made anything work in the UV region. It was our good fortune to discover that the material we work with daily was adequate for use at 355 nm, if well rinsed during processing. If we had stuck to our original plan of etching in small pieces of fused silica, we would still be trying to make the first small section in our ion mill, which is not yet operational. The original plan was far too ambitious and would take another 2 years to complete beginning where we left off this time. In order to make a HOE for the IR as well as the UV we will likely have to learn to sensitize some film to the 1064 line and we have obtained sensitizer that is reported to work in that region already. That work would also take an additional year to complete.
Rallison, Richard D.↗
Achromatic Focal Plane Mask for Exoplanet Imaging Coronagraphy
Recent advances in coronagraph technologies for exoplanet imaging have achieved contrasts close to 1e10 at 4 lambda/D and 1e-9 at 2 lambda/D in monochromatic light. A remaining technological challenge is to achieve high contrast in broadband light; a challenge that is largely limited by chromaticity of the focal plane mask. The size of a star image scales linearly with wavelength. Focal plane masks are typically the same size at all wavelengths, and must be sized for the longest wavelength in the observational band to avoid starlight leakage. However, this oversized mask blocks useful discovery space from the shorter wavelengths. We present here the design, development, and testing of an achromatic focal plane mask based on the concept of optical filtering by a diffractive optical element (DOE). The mask consists of an array of DOE cells, the combination of which functions as a wavelength filter with any desired amplitude and phase transmission. The effective size of the mask scales nearly linearly with wavelength, and allows significant improvement in the inner working angle of the coronagraph at shorter wavelengths. The design is applicable to almost any coronagraph configuration, and enables operation in a wider band of wavelengths than would otherwise be possible. We include initial results from a laboratory demonstration of the mask with the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization coronagraph.
Achromatic↗