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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Digital data provenance for the power grid based on a Keyless Infrastructure Security Solution

In this work a data provenance system for grid-oriented applications is presented. The proposed Keyless Infrastructure Security Solution (KISS) provides mechanisms to store and maintain digital data fingerprints that can later be used to validate and assert data provenance using a time-based, hash tree mechanism. The developed solution has been designed to satisfy the stringent requirements of the modern power grid including execution time and storage necessities. Its applicability has been tested using a lab-scale, proof-of-concept deployment that secures an energy management system against the attack sequence observed on the 2016 Ukrainian power grid cyberattack. The results demonstrate a strong potential for enabling data provenance in a wide array of applications, including speed-sensitive applications such as those found in control room environments.

Sebastian Cardenas, David J.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Waste Compliance and Tracking System (WCATS) Version 3 Requirements Document

This document describes the end-user requirements for the Waste Compliance and Tracking System (WCATS) project in accordance with the WCATS Software Quality Management Plan, EPC-WMP-WCATSPLAN-001. The WCATS application shall support the generation, characterization, processing, and shipment of LANL radioactive, hazardous, and industrial waste. Regulatory drivers include RCRA hazardous waste, DOT shipping, NNSA nuclear material control and accountability, DOE nuclear safety, TSDF permit, and transuranic waste certification requirements. The system will utilize a task-based architecture that supports the spectrum of treatment, storage, disposal, administrative, and characterization based unit operations necessary to manage waste from cradle to grave. The application design shall readily accommodate new facilities, processes, workflow, signature requirements, and so forth, via end-user established metadata. WCATS will provide support for representing waste storage and disposal facilities, buildings, rooms, and grid layouts (x, y, z) to support waste and radioactive material inventory management. Nuclear material at risk (MAR), DOE hazard rating (e.g., Category II facility) compliance per DOE-STD-1027, and permit inventory requirements will be configurable for any storage or disposal facility, or waste operation, and the system will automatically evaluate and enforce those requirements. In addition, the application will support the characterization and management of the entire range of hazardous and radioactive wastes (TRU, MTRU, LLW, MLLW, hazardous waste, etc.) that might be colocated or processed at a permitted facility. Some capabilities not found in traditional systems include user-defined tank systems for liquid waste, user-defined work paths (i.e., sequence of operations), and an equipment subsystem for tracking the calibration, maintenance, and inspection of tools used to process waste, such as torque wrenches, scales, pH probes, etc. The application incorporates a desktop and mobile user interface as shown in Figure 1. The mobile interface supports field operations, such as waste item characterization, intra-facility transfers, internal and external audits, and shipment preparation and receipt.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Comparison of effectiveness and energy use of airborne pathogen mitigation measures to meet clean air targets in a prototypical office building

Organizations such as ASHRAE and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have proposed guidelines for controlling infectious aerosols in buildings, which can be met through measures such as modified operation of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system or incorporating air-cleaning technologies. However, more research is needed to understand the trade-offs between health, energy, and comfort aspects when designing measures for these guidelines. To address this gap, this paper presents an analysis using new models for air-cleaning technologies, including in-duct and in-room germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) systems and portable air cleaners (PACs). These models are incorporated into an existing prototypical office building model and six measures are designed to meet ASHRAE Standard 241 and CDC clean air targets: MERV 13 HVAC filtration, maximum outdoor air supplied to the building, PACs, and in-duct, upper-room, and whole-room GUV. The measures are simulated for an office building in a cool and humid climate compared against a baseline simulation using MERV 8 filtration. The results show that all measures, except for the maximum outdoor air case, can meet the ASHRAE 241 standard without significant impacts on energy or comfort. The HVAC system measures were not able to meet the CDC target with the default system sizing and lead to significant energy increases, while the in-room measures were able to meet the CDC target with small impacts on energy consumption. Finally, this paper consolidates the simulation findings and provides practical guidance for building operators to meet clean air targets while limiting energy and comfort impacts.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Demonstration of the Human and Technology Integration Guidance for the Design of Plant-Specific Advanced Automation and Data Visualization Techniques

Nuclear power continues to be a safe, reliable, and carbon-free electricity generating source for the United States, though the cost of operating and maintaining the current United States nuclear power plant fleet has become uncompetitive with other sources. This gap is attributed to the advent of new digital instrumentation and control technologies that other electricity generating industries are currently leveraging to streamline work and greatly reduce operating, maintenance, and support costs. Digital instrumentation and control systems and control room modernization offers significant opportunities to reduce operating and maintenance costs to ensure the continued operation of the existing United States light-water reactors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design and analysis of optimal pre-cooling in residential buildings

Existing pre-cooling strategies provide a means of shifting or reducing the peak demand and/or energy cost in residential buildings. However, majority of them are rule-based and therefore may not be optimal in terms of cost saving, leaving room for improvement. In this paper, an integer linear programming problem that accounts for the thermal properties of a specific home, HVAC system capacity, utility rate structure, and weather conditions and makes use of a home thermal model is formulated. This problem determines the HVAC on/off control signal that minimizes the 24-h energy cost while maintaining thermal comfort and calculates the corresponding optimal indoor air temperature. The model is constructed using home thermal properties identified via data training in real-time. Through simulation, the energy performance of the proposed optimal pre-cooling strategy is investigated and compared with three rule-based operation strategies from the literature. It is found that the optimal strategy requires the least energy consumption without sacrificing thermal comfort. The superb energy performance of the optimal strategy is attributed to a longer runtime of the HVAC system in cool outdoor air conditions and to the elimination of deadband in HVAC operation, which is required by the rule-based strategies, to allow the indoor air temperature to stay near the thermal comfort upper bound as much as possible. In terms of energy cost, the rule-based operation strategies require 3.52, 1.90, and 2.79, respectively, while the optimal strategy only requires 1.52. These figures represent a saving of 56.82%, 20.00%, and 45.52%, respectively. The results suggest that the optimal strategy is indeed significantly more effective than the existing rule-based operation strategies.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Supercooled liquid sulfur maintained in three-dimensional current collector for high-performance Li-S batteries

In lithium-sulfur (Li-S) chemistry, the electrically/ionically insulating nature of sulfur and Li 2 S leads to sluggish electron/ion transfer kinetics for sulfur species conversion. Sulfur and Li 2 S are recognized as solid at room temperature, and solid-liquid phase transitions are the limiting steps in Li-S batteries. Here, we visualize the distinct sulfur growth behaviors on Al, carbon, Ni current collectors and demonstrate that (i) liquid sulfur generated on Ni provides higher reversible capacity, faster kinetics, and better cycling life compared to solid sulfur; and (ii) Ni facilitates the phase transition (e.g., Li 2 S decomposition). Accordingly, light-weight, 3D Ni-based current collector is designed to control the deposition and catalytic conversion of sulfur species toward high-performance Li-S batteries. This work provides insights on the critical role of the current collector in determining the physical state of sulfur and elucidates the correlation between sulfur state and battery performance, which will advance electrode designs in high-energy Li-S batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mock-up Waveguide Loop Development toward a half-meter scale Traveling-Wave (TW) SRF cavity

Traveling-Wave (TW) technology can push the accelera-tor field gradient of niobium SRF cavity to 70MV/m or higher beyond the fundamental limit of 50~60MV/m in Standing-Wave regime. The success of TW resonance excitation in a proof-of-principle 3-cell SRF cavity in 2K liquid helium encouraged to advance TW technologies necessary more for future accelerator-scale one. Fermilab has proposed a preliminary RF design of a half-meter scale TW cavity by considering the physical dimensions of existing SRF facilities and the lessons learned from the 3-cell. It consists of a 7-cell structure and a power feed-back waveguide (WG) loop with new TW excitation and control schemes such as, double directional coupler and two WG tuners. Mock-up waveguide loop development was launched under Fermilab LDRD program to demon-strate those new RF schemes at a room temperature. Fab-rication drawings of a mock-up loop were completed. Here details and plans of the development are reported.

Furuta, F. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0009000072218576)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Proton switching molecular magnetoelectricity

Abstract The convergence of proton conduction and multiferroics is generating a compelling opportunity to achieve strong magnetoelectric coupling and magneto-ionics, offering a versatile platform to realize molecular magnetoelectrics. Here we describe machine learning coupled with additive manufacturing to accelerate the design strategy for hydrogen-bonded multiferroic macromolecules accompanied by strong proton dependence of magnetic properties. The proton switching magnetoelectricity occurs in three-dimensional molecular heterogeneous solids. It consists of a molecular magnet network as proton reservoir to modulate ferroelectric polarization, while molecular ferroelectrics charging proton transfer to reversibly manipulate magnetism. The magnetoelectric coupling induces a reversible 29% magnetization control at ferroelectric phase transition with a broad thermal hysteresis width of 160 K (192 K to 352 K), while a room-temperature reversible magnetic modulation is realized at a low electric field stimulus of 1 kV cm −1 . The findings of electrostatic proton transfer provide a pathway of proton mediated magnetization control in hierarchical molecular multiferroics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design of a double-sided laser heating compatible piezoelectrically driven dynamic diamond anvil cell

Piezoelectrically driven dynamic diamond anvil cells are generally limited to use at room temperature due to spatial conflicts with the optical components necessary for double-sided laser heating. Here, this work describes the design of a double-sided laser-heating-compatible, piezoelectrically driven dynamic diamond anvil cell (LH-dDAC) that expands the range of experimentally accessible compression rate/temperature space. By developing a spatially in-parallel design, in which the diamond anvils and the piezo actuators lie alongside each other, the total length of the apparatus is reduced to 66.5 mm. The new LH-dDAC is capable of probing both overpressure and compression-rate effects on the kinetics of phase transitions. We illustrate the capability of the new LH-dDAC using the following cases: (1) a simultaneous pressure and temperature jump from 19.5 GPa and room temperature to 40 GPa and ≈1550 K and (2) a controlled compression ramp at ≈1850 K and ≈100 GPa/s. By pairing rapid compression with laser heating, the new LH-dDAC opens the door to studies of diffusionally controlled transformations at high pressures and temperatures.

Copley, J. A. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Production, quality assurance and quality control of the SiPM Tiles for the DarkSide-20k Time Projection Chamber

The DarkSide-20k dark matter direct detection experiment will employ a 21 m 2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array, instrumenting a dual-phase 50 tonnes liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC). SiPMs are arranged into modular photosensors called Tiles, each integrating 24 SiPMs onto a printed circuit board (PCB) that provides signal amplification, power distribution, and a single-ended output for simplified readout. Tiles are further grouped into Photo-Detector Units (PDUs). This paper details the production of the Tiles and the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA-QC) protocol established to ensure their performance and uniformity. The production and QA-QC of the Tiles are carried out at Nuova Officina Assergi (NOA), an ISO-6 clean room facility at LNGS. This process includes wafer-level cryogenic characterisation, precision die attaching, wire bonding, and extensive electrical and optical validation of each Tile. The overall production yield exceeds 83.5%, matching the requirements of the DarkSide-20k production plan. These results validate the robustness of the Tile design and its suitability for operation in a cryogenic environment.

Acerbi, F. [Fondazione Bruno Kessler]↗
DOE OSTI2022

SCALE Modeling of the Fast Spectrum Heat Pipe Reactor

As part of the severe accident analysis collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), SCALE models were developed for a fast-spectrum heat pipe reactor. These models were based on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Design A concept, which is an alternative design to the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Special Purpose Reactor (SPR), also known as the Megapower reactor. The model contains 1,134 heat pipes, surrounded by hexagonal fuel elements, with a potassium working fluid; the fuel is UO 2 with 19.75 wt% 235 U enrichment. The model contains axial beryllium oxide (BeO) reflectors above and below the active fuel region along with a radial alumina reflector containing 12 B 4 C control drums. The center of the core is left unfueled to make room for two shutdown control rods, one annular and one solid. The active region of the core was discretized into twenty axial and five radial zones to analyze spatial variations in power and burnup. Infinite lattice unit cell sensitivity studies were used to perform verification between the SCALE and INL models. The eigenvalue results agreed well with the reported results to within roughly 50 percent mille (pcm). Full-core model verification was performed by analyzing system eigenvalues with differing configurations of control drum and shutdown rod positions. These full core results all had eigenvalue differences less than 310 pcm. Control drum and shutdown rod worths were also compared, with differences of 3.2% or less. Using the verified model, the isotopic inventory and decay heat, as well as temperature feedback coefficients, were calculated and provided to SNL as input to the MELCOR severe accident code to analyze potential releases from this class of reactor. The results of the MELCOR analysis are provided in a different report.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Safety-Related Instrumentation and Control Upgrade Pilot Project: NUREG- 0711 Process Development, Planning and Analysis Activities, and Lessons Learned

Constellation Energy and the United States Department of Energy (DOE) have established a public/private partnership to implement a pilot digital upgrade to replace legacy analog, safety-related reactor protection and emergency safety feature actuation systems (RPS/ESFAS) with modern digital systems. This effort is occurring at Constellation’s Limerick Generating Station. This project is being performed in accordance with industry processes that have been adapted to better support digital upgrades. These processes include IP-ENG-001, Standard Design Process, NISP-EN-04, Standard Digital Engineering Process and Electric Power Research Institute Report 3002011816, Digital Engineering Guide. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been supporting this effort. Latest INL HFE efforts in support of this project have focused on definition and implementation of the Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Program in support of Constellation design and related licensing efforts. This paper presents the development execution of the HFE Program through completion of the Planning and Analysis Phase as defined by NUREG-0711 as well as HFE lessons learned.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The effectiveness of TRIS and ammonium buffers in glass dissolution studies: a comparative analysis

Abstract Selecting appropriate buffers is crucial for evaluating the chemical durability of glass under controlled conditions such as in the EPA 1313 test designed to measure elemental release as a function of pH. The efficacy of two alkali-metal free buffers, TRIS (NH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3 ) and ammonium chloride—ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 Cl), was investigated during EPA 1313 testing of a simulated Hanford low-activity waste borosilicate glass in the alkaline regime (pH 8.5–10.5) at varying temperatures (RT, 40 °C, and 60 °C). While both buffers maintained the desired pH at room temperature, and up to 40 °C, the effectiveness of TRIS decreased at elevated temperatures, particularly at pH 10.5. Although 11 B NMR showed evidence of TRIS-B complexation, its effect on the rate of elemental release was found to be negligible under the test conditions. With ammonium buffer, the release of alkali cations was slightly elevated when compared to the same conditions with TRIS at early time points.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design of Graphene/Ionic Liquid Composites for Carbon Capture

Pore size is a crucial factor impacting gas separation in porous separation materials, but how to control the pore size to optimize the separation performance remains a challenge. Here, we propose a design of graphene/ionic liquid composites with tunable slit pore sizes, where cations and anions of ionic liquids are intercalated between graphene layers. By varying the sizes of the ions, we show from first-principles density functional theory calculations that the accessible pore size can be tuned from 3.4 to 6.0 Å. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of gas sorption find that the composite materials possess high CO 2 uptake at room temperature and 1 bar (up to ~8.5 mmol/g). Further simulations of the sorption of gas mixtures reveal that high CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 adsorption selectivities can be obtained when the accessible pore size is <5 Å. This work suggests a new strategy to achieve tunable pore sizes via the graphene/IL composites for highly selective CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 adsorption.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dynamic flow stress of pure polycrystalline aluminum: Pressure-shear plate impact experiments and extension of dislocation-based modeling to large strains

The dynamic thermo-mechanical behavior of pure aluminum has attracted renewed interest lately due to experimental observations of an anomalous increase in Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) at incipient plasticity and elevated temperatures in polycrystalline pure metals. In context of current dislocation-mediated plasticity models for metals, this increase in dynamic strength is indicative of a transition in the rate controlling mechanism for dislocation glide from being thermally assisted to phonon-drag restricted due to increase in phonon viscosity at elevated temperatures. Though these studies have helped to shed light on these important mechanisms operative in FCC metals at incipient plasticity, the extent to which they contribute to flow stress, particularly at larger strains, remains unclear. Here, we address these questions through a combined experimental and modeling effort focused on investigating the evolution of dynamic flow stress in polycrystalline aluminum using experimental data gathered from a series of combined pressure-and-shear plate impact (PSPI) experiments designed to reveal the flow stress of pure aluminum at strain rates ~ 10 5 /s, plastic strains of up to 40% and temperatures ranging from room to 866 K. In all cases, the flow stress of aluminum, as inferred from the measured transverse particle velocity histories at the free surface of an elastic tungsten carbide target plate, reveals saturation with increasing plastic strains at stress levels that decrease with increasing test temperatures. Numerical simulations are performed to correlate the experimentally observed temperature and strain rate dependence of flow stress at small and large plastic strains using the Austin-McDowell dislocation-mediated plasticity model parametrized to normal plate impact experiments conducted in an earlier study by Zaretsky and Kanel (2012). Extensions to the model are made to better represent dynamic behavior of pure aluminum at larger plastic strains as observed in elevated temperature split Hopkinson Pressure bar (SPHB) experiments of Samanta (1971) and Lindholm and Yeakly (1965), and the combined pressure-and-shear plate-impact experiments conducted in the present study. The main theoretical extension to the Austin-McDowell model made in this paper is the introduction of a new rate- and temperature- dependent dynamic recovery function, which can potentially allow for an effective reduction in the rate of accumulation of dislocations at large plastic strains. The numerical predictions of the revised and re-calibrated plasticity model are brought into agreement with the experimental observations, correlating sufficiently well with dynamic yield stress at incipient plasticity and the flow stress levels at larger plastic strains, plastic strain rates in the range 10 3 – 10 6 /s, and elevated temperatures up to near melt. The model, in concert with the experimental measurements, suggests that at incipient plasticity the rate governing mechanism for plastic flow is phonon-drag restricted dislocation glide, whereas, at higher magnitudes of plastic strain, it transitions to stress-assisted thermally activated glide. The transition between these two rate governing mechanisms is controlled by the evolution of dislocations throughout the deformation process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Light–matter coupling in large-area van der Waals superlattices

Two-dimensional (2D) crystals have renewed opportunities in design and assembly of artificial lattices without the constraints of epitaxy. However, the lack of thickness control in exfoliated van der Waals (vdW) layers prevents realization of repeat units with high fidelity. Recent availability of uniform, wafer-scale samples permits engineering of both electronic and optical dispersions in stacks of disparate 2D layers with multiple repeating units. In this study, we present optical dispersion engineering in a superlattice structure comprising alternating layers of 2D excitonic chalcogenides and dielectric insulators. By carefully designing the unit cell parameters, we demonstrate greater than 90% narrow band absorption in less than 4 nm of active layer excitonic absorber medium at room temperature, concurrently with enhanced photoluminescence in square-centimetre samples. These superlattices show evidence of strong light–matter coupling and exciton–polariton formation with geometry-tuneable coupling constants. Our results demonstrate proof of concept structures with engineered optical properties and pave the way for a broad class of scalable, designer optical metamaterials from atomically thin layers.

2D Crystals↗
DOE OSTI2023

Biologically Cooling the Planet: A BRISK Approach that Directly Connects the Ground to Deep Space

Climate change is a grave threat to our ability to thrive and prosper on Earth. Accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere stifle the Earth’s ability to cool itself, which leads to a rise of the average temperature – Global warming. The planetary cooling is exclusively radiative – thermal radiation escapes into cold outer space via a flux of photons at the low-infrared range. The penetration of these photons through Earth’s atmosphere is dictated by atmospheric transparency, which, serendipitously possesses a window centered around the peak of the Plank spectrum for a black body at about room temperature – the average temperature of Earth. This window spanning about 8 --13 μm wavelengths allows most of the photons in this range to escape into the Cosmos carrying our planet’s heat away. The efficiency of this outer heat flux – and thus planet’s cooling ability – can be controlled via emissivity – a function of wavelength which multiplies the fundamental Plank spectrum of a black body at a given temperature. In the presence of non-trivial atmospheric transparency it can be shown that radiative cooling can be enhanced with properly “designed” emissivity function. For the last 100 years, or so, people have been looking into ways to engineer materials to take advantage of such enhancement for various cooling applications, from making ice to cool clothes, and substantial progress has been achieved, including cooling in direct sunlight. The beauty if this approach is that it is entirely passive – no energy input is required. The objective of this project was to investigate whether biological systems possess such advanced cooling capacity, developed via millennia of evolution, to enhance plant’s adaptation to a hot environment, to increase cooling capability, and possibly modulate spectral emissivities on short or long time scales. We wanted to know if BRISK (Biological Radiative Sky Cooling) occurs and to what extent. It is unknown whether biological systems can perform this "spectral redistribution." It is reasonable to expect, however, that they might: in particular, desert plants under high heat stress and arid conditions might evolve this mechanism in order to maintain a tolerable internal temperature. Our intended approach was twofold: extensive literature search and supporting experimental investigations on select plants. We obtained the answers from the former, while the latter proved to be more complicated to perform with required accuracy in the timespan/budget of a small seedling project. After one year of research, we concluded that among the plant species studied there seem to be no evidence of BRISK, but it’s not the end of the story. Our planet’s biosphere is immense, and the evolution is continuing. With our preliminary results and a better understanding of what to look for further discoveries await, considering the accelerated pace of infrared imaging and spectroscopy technology development, from microscopic to satellite-based studies of plants and canopies. In the end, Earth’s energy balance is ultimately tied to radiative cooling so that further investigation into this problem is directly tied to solving the Climate Change challenge.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Findings on subtask 3.3 – applicability of automated brine chemistry determinations for treatment and recovery processes through facility automation/modularization: engineering design study

Under the Energy & Environmental Research Center’s (EERC’s) ~$\$$22 million Phase II Brine Extraction and Storage Test (BEST) Program, a multimillion-dollar brine treatment technology test bed facility was established in western North Dakota to provide a platform for evaluating developing technologies and approaches for brine treatment and volume reduction. The initial facility, and associated research effort, was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), with in-kind contributions provided by several industry participants and the state of North Dakota. Since its opening, the Brine Technology Test Facility (BTTF) has supported performance evaluations of desalination technologies capable of treating high-salinity produced water (PW) and enabled data collection for multiple approaches of PW management and critical material recovery. As part of the decommissioning process for the original project, facility ownership and liability were transferred to Select Water, which is providing the EERC with a continuing site access option for state or federal research and/or commercial technology development. This report documents the findings from a design study conducted by the EERC and the engineering firm that was originally contracted to design and construct the facility (Advanced Engineering and Environmental Services, LLC [AE2S]) that evaluated the current status of BTTF and its systems and developed a retrofit design to increase the facility’s capabilities through automation and modularization of its PW treatment infrastructure. The proposed retrofit will provide DOE and industry with an expanded range of conditioned PW that can be produced at the facility for evaluating fit-for-purpose water treatment technologies, online instrumentation for brine chemistry determination, and systems that recover critical materials like lithium and magnesium. The current facility consists of an 9600-square-foot facility that includes a 40-foot by 65-foot Class 1, Division 2-rated demonstration area and associated control rooms and lab-ready space capable of sourcing oil and gas PW and wastewater from industrial sources or tailoring brine compositions up to 300,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) and supplying them at rates up to 25 gpm for extended-duration technology demonstrations. The colocation of the facility with Select Water’s water management facilities allows for access and unloading of more than 10,000 bbl/day of trucked water delivered to site and associated access to on-site Class I and Class II brine disposal wells and nearby hazardous waste landfills operated and/or contracted by Select Water to dispose of concentrate and/or effluents associated with the testing.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗