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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Codesigning Alloy Compositions of CdSe y Te 1− y Absorbers and Mg x Zn 1− x O Contacts to Increase Solar Cell Efficiency

Thin‐film solar cells such as CdTe are a major commercial photovoltaic technology, with more than 25 GW installed worldwide and levelized costs of electricity competitive with fossil fuels. Further progress may result from integrating CdSe y Te 1− y absorbers with Mg x Zn 1− x O contacts, but the device efficiency is difficult to maximize due to coupled dependence on chemical composition of both alloys. Herein, a high‐throughput approach is demonstrated to codesign chemical compositions in alloyed Mg x Zn 1− x O/CdSe y Te 1− y thin‐film solar cells, using combinatorial libraries of PV devices with orthogonal composition gradients in CdSe y Te 1− y absorbers and Mg x Zn 1− x O contacts. It is found that the solar cell performance is a strong and coupled function of both elemental compositions, with efficiency up to 17.7% ( V OC = 836 mV, fill factor = 69%, J SC = 30.6 mA cm −2 ) at atomic compositions of Mg/(Mg + Zn) ≈18% and average Se/(Se + Te) ≈4%. These performance trends among >100 devices are explained by >100 ns lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers at the Mg x Zn 1− x O/CdSe y Te 1− y interface where strong Se accumulation is also observed. This study reports the optimal compositions of the commercially relevant Mg x Zn 1− x O/CdSe y Te 1− y solar cells and demonstrates a general approach to codesigning performance of alloyed thin‐film solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Imaging Zn and Ni distributions in leaves of different ages of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence

Mapping of leaves of hyperaccumulators can provide insights into the mechanisms these species utilize to accumulate high metal concentrations. We used synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) to perform Zn and Ni imaging in leaves of different ages of Noccaea caerulescens. A mature leaf of the related non-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi arvense was also imaged. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, Co, and Cr in N. caerulescens grown on an ultramafic soil were 9-, 10-, 12-, and 3-fold higher than T. arvense. N. caerulescens showed an exceptional ability to accumulate Zn from the soil, posing a bioconcentration factor of 6.7. T. arvense had Zn and Ni distributed uniformly in the leaf blade with doubling fluorescence counts in the tip and margins, suggesting a strategy to excrete metals and avoid toxicity. On the other hand, N. caerulescens displayed distinctly different Zn and Ni accumulation patterns, regardless of the age or metal concentration in the leaves. Zinc was mainly distributed in the cells surrounding the central and secondary veins. Nickel accumulated in the margins and tips of the leaf blade. Finally, given the time required to image large leaves in synchrotron facilities, small leaves can be used to represent the leaf distribution of Zn and Ni in N. caerulescens.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Influence of metal organic framework glasses on thermoelectric properties of AgSb 0.96 Zn 0.04 Te 2 alloy

In recent years, a significant number of chalcogenides-based thermoelectric (TE) materials have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. However, the efficiency of TE materials is often limited by physical and chemical stability issues. Therefore, it is crucial to identify additive materials that can reduce thermal conductivity and improve the efficiency of crystalline TE materials. One well-known approach to lower thermal conductivity is introducing porosity into the material structure, which helps scatter phonon energy. Metal-organic framework (MOF) crystalline materials, known for their porosity and physical and chemical stability, offer unique advantages in TE applications. In this study, we investigate the influence of 20 weight% amorphous Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF)-62 to p-type AgSb 0.96 Zn 0.04 Te 2 (ASTZ), a well-known TE material. We synthesized composites, ASTZ, ASTZ-Zn, and ASTZ-Co, by sintering ASTZ with amorphous ZIF-62(Zn) and ZIF-62(Co) respectively. The addition of amorphous ZIF-62(Zn) leads to a significant enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient of ASTZ increasing from 151 µV/K to 229 µV/K at 586K. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the ASTZ TE materials drops drastically from 0.491 Wm -1 K -1 to around 0.22 Wm -1 K -1 at 623K with the addition of either amorphous ZIF-62(Zn) or ZIF-62(Co). Remarkably, ASTZ containing amorphous ZIF-62(Zn) achieves a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (zT max ) of approximately 0.078 at 573K, surpassing any MOF-based thermoelectric material reported to date. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of amorphous ZIF-62 as an effective additive for enhancing the properties of thermoelectric materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

A first principles study on the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on the CdTe(111) surface with Cd, Te, Zn, and Se adatoms

The study of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions is essential to understanding early crystal growth dynamics. Here, we employ planewave density functional theory to study the binary adatom pair interactions between Cd-Cd, Te-Te, Zn-Zn, Se-Se, Cd-Te, Cd-Se, Cd-Zn, Te-Se, Te-Zn, and Se-Zn adatom pairs on two CdTe(111) surfaces. An analysis of the interaction energies between binary adatom pairs suggests repulsive interactions are common regardless of the relative distance between adatoms. For the CdTe(111)A surface, attractive interactions occur between neighboring chalcogen (i.e., Te and Se) and Group 12 (i.e., Cd and Zn) adatom pairs. For the CdTe(111)B surface, attractive interactions occur between neighboring Group 12 adatoms forming a surface dimer configuration. Furthermore, the formation energy of an adatom pair is decomposed in terms of the electronic, elastic, and adatom binding contributions. For smaller interatomic distances between the adatoms, the formation energy is primarily a function of the electronic interactions, with null contributions from the elastic and adatom binding interactions for Group 12-containing pairs. Because of the less favorable electronic interactions for larger interatomic distances between the adatoms, the formation energies are typically more positive. Lastly, neighboring adatoms significantly increase the barriers of migration on the CdTe(111)A surface relative to unary adatoms for the top-to-fcc and fcc-to-fcc sites, while the migration barriers on the CdTe(111)B surface only increases for the fcc-to-fcc migration of chalcogen species. From this analysis, we illustrate the role of adatom interactions during the early stages of the surface nucleation processes on CdTe(111) thin films.

CdTe↗
DOE OSTI2020

NASICON Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 Enables Quasi-Two-Stage Na + and Zn 2+ Intercalation for Multivalent Zinc Batteries

Identifying positive electrode materials capable of reversible multivalent electrochemistry in electrolytes containing divalent ions such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Zn 2+ at high operating potentials remains an ongoing challenge in “beyond lithium-ion” research. In this paper, we explore the Zn 2+ charge-storage mechanism of a vanadium-based Na + superionic conductor (NASICON), Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . By using X-ray synchrotron techniques to unravel potential-dependent structure–property relationships, we ascribe the reversible electrochemical behavior of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 to a quasi-two-stage intercalation process that involves both Na+ and Zn 2+ . Initial charging of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 leads to a Na + -extracted phase corresponding to Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , whereas subsequent discharge results predominantly in Na + intercalation followed by Zn 2+ intercalation. Operando X-ray diffraction of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 was used to study the phase changes associated with the first charge/discharge process, and ex situ measurements were used to precisely link the changes in the crystal structure to a quasi-two-stage intercalation of Na + and Zn 2+ . The corresponding changes in the V-oxidation state, V-O coordination, and the presence of Zn 2+ were confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results of this work present a comprehensive understanding of the charge-storage properties for a well-established NASICON structure that confers both the high capacity (~100 mA h g -1 ) and high potential (1.35 and 1.1 V vs Zn/Zn 2+ ).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Affinity for OH – Produces Four-Coordinated Zn 2+ Impurities in Hydrated Amorphous Calcium Carbonate

Using ab initio based molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations, we show that Zn impurities in hydrated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) have a much lower coordination number than other divalent impurities due to covalent interactions between the 3d Zn shell and the oxygen atoms of the carbonate and water groups. Further, the local structure around Zn in ACC, including the predicted low coordination number, is confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of synthetic Zn-bearing ACC. The strong Zn–O chemical interaction leads to substantial water dissociation and slightly disrupts the hydrogen bonding network. Implications of Zn 2+ incorporation for ACC stability are discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Area-Scalable Zn 2 SnO 4 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

The development of a scalable chemical bath deposition (CBD) process facilitates the realization of electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). In this work, a method to prepare a uniform and scalable thick Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL by CBD, which yielded high-performance PSMs, is reported. This Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL exhibits excellent electrical properties and enhanced optical transmittance in the visible region. Moreover, the Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL influences the perovskite layer formation, yielding enhanced crystallinity, increased grain size, and a smoother surface, thus facilitating electron extraction and collection from the perovskite to the ETL. Zn 2 SnO 4 thereby yields PSMs with a remarkable photovoltaic performance, low hysteresis index, and high device reproducibility. The champion PSM exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.59%, being among the highest values published so far. In addition, the CBD Zn 2 SnO 4 -based PSMs exhibit high stability, retaining more than 88% of initial efficiency over 1000 h under continuous illumination. This demonstrates that CBD Zn 2 SnO 4 is an appropriate ETL for high-efficiency PSMs and a viable new process for their industrialization.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Isolated Metal Sites in Cu–Zn–Y/Beta for Direct and Selective Butene-Rich C 3+ Olefin Formation from Ethanol

Direct and selective production of C 3+ olefins from bioethanol remains a critical challenge and important for the production of renewable transportation fuels such as aviation biofuels. In this study, we report a Cu–Zn–Y/Beta catalyst for selective ethanol conversion to butene-rich C 3+ olefins (88% selectivity at 100% ethanol conversion, 623 K), where the Cu, Zn, and Y sites are all highly dispersed. The ethanol-to-butene reaction network includes ethanol dehydrogenation, aldol condensation to crotonaldehyde, and hydrogenation to butyraldehyde, followed by further hydrogenation and dehydration reactions to form butenes. Cu sites play a critical role in promoting hydrogenation of the crotonaldehyde C═C bond to form butyraldehyde in the presence of hydrogen, making this a distinctive pathway from crotyl alcohol-based ethanol-to-butadiene reaction. Reaction rate measurements in the presence of ethanol and acetaldehyde (543 K, 12 kPa ethanol, 1.2 kPa acetaldehyde, 101.9 kPa H 2 ) over monometallic Zn/Beta and Y/Beta catalysts indicate that Y sites have higher C–C coupling rates than over Zn sites (initial C–C coupling rate, 6.1 × 10 –3 mol mol Y –1 s –1 vs 1.2 × 10 –3 mol mol Zn –1 s –1 ). Further, Lewis-acidic Y-site densities over Cu–Zn–Y/Beta with varied Y loadings are linearly correlated with the initial C–C coupling rates, suggesting that Lewis-acidic Y sites are the predominant sites that catalyze C–C coupling in Cu–Zn–Y/Beta catalysts. Control experiments show that the dealuminated Beta support is important to form higher density of Lewis-acidic Y sites in comparison with other supports such as silica, or deboronated MWW despite similar atomic dispersion of Y sites and Y–O coordination numbers over these supports, leading to more than 9 times higher C–C coupling rate per mole Y over dealuminated Beta relative to other supports. This study highlights the significance of unique combination of metal sites in contributing to the selective valorization of ethanol to C 3+ olefins, motivating for exploring multifunctional zeolite catalysts, where the presence of multiple sites with varying reactivities and functions allows for controlling the predominant molecular fluxes toward the desired products in complex reactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Atomically synergistic Zn-Cr catalyst for iso-stoichiometric co-conversion of ethane and CO2 to ethylene and CO

Abstract Developing atomically synergistic bifunctional catalysts relies on the creation of colocalized active atoms to facilitate distinct elementary steps in catalytic cycles. Herein, we show that the atomically-synergistic binuclear-site catalyst (ABC) consisting of $${{{{{\rm{Zn}}}}}}^{\delta+}$$ Zn δ + -O-Cr 6+ on zeolite SSZ-13 displays unique catalytic properties for iso-stoichiometric co-conversion of ethane and CO 2 . Ethylene selectivity and utilization of converted CO 2 can reach 100 % and 99.0% under 500 °C at ethane conversion of 9.6%, respectively. In-situ/ex-situ spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations reveal atomic synergies between acidic Zn and redox Cr sites. $${{{{{\rm{Zn}}}}}}^{\delta+}$$ Zn δ + ( $$0 \, < \, \delta \, < \, 2$$ 0 < δ < 2 ) sites facilitate β-C-H bond cleavage in ethane and the formation of Zn-H δ - hydride, thereby the enhanced basicity promotes CO 2 adsorption/activation and prevents ethane C-C bond scission. The redox Cr site accelerates CO 2 dissociation by replenishing lattice oxygen and facilitates H 2 O formation/desorption. This study presents the advantages of the ABC concept, paving the way for the rational design of novel advanced catalysts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reactivity of Zn + aq in high-temperature water radiolysis

For this work, reactivity of transients involving Zn + in high-temperature water radiolysis has been studied in the temperature range of 25–300 °C. The reduced monovalent zinc species were generated from an electron transfer process between the hydrated electron and Zn 2+ ions using pulse radiolysis. The Zn + species can subsequently be oxidized by the radiolytically-produced oxidizing species: ˙OH, H 2 O 2 and ˙H. We find that the absorption of monovalent zinc is very sensitive to the pH of the medium. An absorption maximum at 306–311 nm is most pronounced at pH 7 and the signal then decreases in acidic media where the reducing electrons are competitively captured by protons. At pH values higher than 7, hydroxo-forms of Zn 2+ are created and the maximum of the absorption signal begins to shift to the red spectral region. We find that the optical spectrum of Zn + aq cannot be fully explained in terms of a charge-transfer to solvent (CTTS) process, which was previously proposed. Reaction rates of most of the recombination reactions investigated follow the empirical Arrhenius relationship at temperatures up to 200 °C and have been determined at higher temperatures for the first time. A bimolecular disproportionation reaction of Zn + aq is not observed under the conditions investigated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electronic and optical properties of Zn-doped β-Ga 2 O 3 Czochralski single crystals

β-Ga 2 O 3 has several soluble deep acceptors that impart insulating behavior. In this study, we investigate Zn doping (0.25at.%) in bulk Czochralski and vertical gradient freeze β-Ga 2 O 3 . Representative crystals were assessed for orientation (electron backscatter diffraction and Raman spectroscopy), purity (glow discharge mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry), optical properties (ultraviolet to near infrared absorption), and electrical properties (resistivity and current–voltage). Purity measurements indicate that Zn evaporation is insufficient to inhibit doping of Zn into β-Ga 2 O 3 . Hybrid functional calculations show Zn substitutes nearly equally on tetrahedral and octahedral sites, with less than ~0.1eV preference for the octahedral (Ga II ) site. Furthermore, calculations show that Zn Ga acts as a deep acceptor with trapping levels ~1.3 and ~0.9eV above the valence band for one and two holes, respectively. The solubility and electronic behavior of Zn dopants are consistent with measured concentrations >1×10 18 atoms/cm 3 and electrical measurements that show resistivity 10 11 –10 13 Ωcm, with no p-type conduction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Zn deficiency disrupts Cu and S homeostasis in Chlamydomonas resulting in over accumulation of Cu and Cysteine

Growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in zinc (Zn) limited medium leads to disruption of copper (Cu) homeostasis, resulting in up to 40-fold Cu over-accumulation relative to its typical Cu quota. Here, we show that Chlamydomonas controls its Cu quota by balancing Cu import and export, which is disrupted in a Zn deficient cell, thus establishing a mechanistic connection between Cu and Zn homeostasis. Transcriptomics, proteomics and elemental profiling revealed that Zn-limited Chlamydomonas cells up-regulate a subset of genes encoding “first responder” proteins involved in sulfur (S) assimilation and consequently accumulate more intracellular S, which is incorporated into L-cysteine, γ-glutamylcysteine, and homocysteine. Most prominently, in the absence of Zn, free L-cysteine is increased ~80-fold, corresponding to ~2.8 × 10 9 molecules/cell. Interestingly, classic S-containing metal binding ligands like glutathione and phytochelatins do not increase. X-ray fluorescence microscopy showed foci of S accumulation in Zn-limited cells that co-localize with Cu, phosphorus and calcium, consistent with Cu-thiol complexes in the acidocalcisome, the site of Cu(I) accumulation. Notably, cells that have been previously starved for Cu do not accumulate S or Cys, causally connecting cysteine synthesis with Cu accumulation. We suggest that cysteine is an in vivo Cu(I) ligand, perhaps ancestral, that buffers cytosolic Cu.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Controlling magnetic order, magnetic anisotropy, and band topology in the semimetals Sr(Mn 0.9 Cu 0.1 )Sb 2 and Sr(Mn 0.9 Zn 0.1 )Sb 2

Neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility studies show that orthorhombic single-crystals of topological semimetals Sr(Mn 0.9 Cu 0.1 ) Sb 2 and Sr(Mn 0.9 Zn 0.1 )Sb 2 undergo three-dimensional C-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering of the Mn 2+ moments at T N = 200 ± 10 and 210 ± 12 K, respectively, significantly lower than that of the parent SrMnSb 2 with T N = 297 ± 3 K. Magnetization versus applied magnetic field (perpendicular to MnSb planes) below T N exhibits slightly modified de Haas van Alphen oscillations for the Zn-doped crystal as compared to that of the parent compound. By contrast, the Cu-doped system does not show de Haas van Alphen magnetic oscillations, suggesting that either Cu substitution for Mn changes the electronic structure of the parent compound substantially, or that the Cu sites are strong scatterers of carriers that significantly shorten their mean free path thus diminishing the oscillations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations including spin-orbit coupling predict the C-type AFM state for the parent, Cu-, and Zn-doped systems and identify the a -axis (i.e., perpendicular to the Mn layer) as the easy magnetization direction in the parent and 12.5% of Cu or Zn substitutions. In contrast, 25% of Cu content changes the easy magnetization to the b-axis (i.e., within the Mn layer). Here, we find that the incorporation of Cu and Zn in SrMnSb 2 tunes electronic bands near the Fermi level resulting in different band topology and semimetallicity. The parent and Zn-doped systems have coexistence of electron and hole pockets with opened Dirac cone around the Y-point whereas the Cu-doped system has dominant hole pockets around the Fermi level with a distorted Dirac cone. The tunable electronic structure may point out possibilities of rationalizing the experimentally observed de Haas van Alphen magnetic oscillations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Determination of the 60 Zn level density from neutron evaporation spectra

Nuclear reactions of interest for astrophysics and applications often rely on statistical model calculations for nuclear reaction rates, particularly for nuclei far from β stability. However, statistical model parameters are often poorly constrained, where experimental constraints are particularly sparse for exotic nuclides. For example, our understanding of the breakout from the NiCu cycle in the astrophysical rp-process is currently limited by uncertainties in the statistical properties of the proton-rich nucleus 60 Zn. We have determined the nuclear level density of 60 Zn using neutron evaporation spectra from 58 Ni( 3 He,n) measured at the Edwards Accelerator Laboratory. We compare our results to a number of theoretical predictions, including phenomenological, microscopic, and shell-model-based approaches. Notably, we find the 60 Zn level density is somewhat lower than expected for excitation energies populated in the 59 Cu(p,γ) 60 Zn reaction under rp-process conditions. This includes a level density plateau from roughly 5 to 6 MeV excitation energy, which is counter to the usual expectation of exponential growth and all theoretical predictions that we explore. Here, a determination of the spin distribution at the relevant excitation energies in 60 Zn is needed to confirm that the Hauser-Feshbach formalism is appropriate for the 59 Cu(p,γ) 60 Zn reaction rate at x-ray burst temperatures

59 ≤ A ≤ 89↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy coupling and stoichiometry of Zn 2+ /H + antiport by the prokaryotic cation diffusion facilitator YiiP

YiiP from Shewanella oneidensis is a prokaryotic Zn 2+ /H + antiporter that serves as a model for the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) superfamily, members of which are generally responsible for homeostasis of transition metal ions. Previous studies of YiiP as well as related CDF transporters have established a homodimeric architecture and the presence of three distinct Zn 2+ binding sites named A, B, and C. In this study, we use cryo-EM, microscale thermophoresis and molecular dynamics simulations to address the structural and functional roles of individual sites as well as the interplay between Zn 2+ binding and protonation. Structural studies indicate that site C in the cytoplasmic domain is primarily responsible for stabilizing the dimer and that site B at the cytoplasmic membrane surface controls the structural transition from an inward facing conformation to an occluded conformation. Binding data show that intramembrane site A, which is directly responsible for transport, has a dramatic pH dependence consistent with coupling to the proton motive force. A comprehensive thermodynamic model encompassing Zn 2+ binding and protonation states of individual residues indicates a transport stoichiometry of 1 Zn 2+ to 2–3 H + depending on the external pH. This stoichiometry would be favorable in a physiological context, allowing the cell to use the proton gradient as well as the membrane potential to drive the export of Zn 2+ .

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

The relationship between structure and performance in alkaline Zn batteries is undeniable, where anode utilization, dendrite formation, shape change, and passivation issues are all addressable through anode morphology. While tailoring 3D hosts can improve the electrode performance, these practices are inherently limited by scaffolds that increase the mass or volume. Herein, a direct write strategy for producing template‐free metallic 3D Zn electrode architectures is discussed. Concentrated inks are customized to build designs with low electrical resistivity (5 × 10 −4 Ω cm), submillimeter sizes (200 μm filaments), and high mechanical stability (Young's modulus of 0.1–0.5 GPa at relative densities of 0.28–0.46). A printed Zn lattice anode versus NiOOH cathode with an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte is then demonstrated. This Zn||NiOOH cell operates for over 650 cycles at high rates of 25 mA cm −2 with an average areal capacity of 11.89 mAh cm −2 , a cumulative capacity of 7.8 Ah cm −2 , and a volumetric capacity of 23.78 mAh cm −3 . A thicker Zn anode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 85.45 mAh cm −2 and a volumetric capacity of 81.45 mAh cm −3 without significant microstructural changes after 50 cycles.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Zn(NiO2)2 by Materials Project

Zn(NiO2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Ni3+ sites. In the first Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.09 Å. In the second Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.07 Å. In the third Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.08 Å. In the fourth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one ZnO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.08 Å. In the fifth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with four ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, and edges with two ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.02 Å. In the sixth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with four ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, and edges with two ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.03 Å. There are four inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–19°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.16 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with six NiO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–19°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.15 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with twelve NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–53°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.18 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with twelve NiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnO6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–53°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.18 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Ni3+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ni3+ and two Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OZn2Ni3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ni3+ and two Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OZn2Ni3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ni3+ and two Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OZn2Ni3 trigonal bipyramids. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ni3+ and two Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OZn2Ni3 trigonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Zn(CuO2)2 by Materials Project

Zn(CuO2)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Cu3+ sites. In the first Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–62°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.06 Å. In the second Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.09 Å. In the third Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–62°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.07 Å. In the fourth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.07 Å. In the fifth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–62°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.13 Å. In the sixth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.11 Å. In the seventh Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–62°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.09 Å. In the eighth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.12 Å. There are four inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.47 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.49 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.54 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.48 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms.

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