Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “RYDBERG STATES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Stabilization of circular Rydberg atoms by circularly polarized infrared laser fields

The ionization dynamics of circular Rydberg states in strong circularly polarized infrared (800 nm) laser fields is studied by means of numerical simulations with the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. We find that at certain intensities, related to the radius of the Rydberg states, atomic stabilization sets in, and the ionization probability decreases as the intensity is further increased. Moreover, there is a strong dependence of the ionization probability on the rotational direction of the applied laser field, which can be understood from a simple classical analogy.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Photoelectron angular distributions from rotationally resolved autoionizing states of N 2

The single-photon, photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectrum of N 2 has been recorded at high (~1.5 cm -1 ) resolution in the region between the N 2 + X 2 Σ g + , v + = 0 and 1 ionization thresholds by using a double imaging spectrometer and intense vacuum-ultraviolet light from the Synchrotron SOLEIL. This approach provides the relative photoionization cross section, the photoelectron energy distribution, and the photoelectron angular distribution as a function of photon energy. The region of interest contains autoionizing valence states, vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states converging to vibrationally excited levels of the N 2 + X 2 Σ g + ground state, and electronically autoionizing states converging to the N 2 + A 2 Π and B 2 Σ u + states. The wavelength resolution is sufficient to resolve rotational structure in the autoionizing states, but the electron energy resolution is insufficient to resolve rotational structure in the photoion spectrum. Here, a simplified approach based on multichannel quantum defect theory is used to predict the photoelectron angular distribution parameters, β, and the results are in reasonably good agreement with experiment.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Communication: First observation of ground state I({sup 2}P{sub 3/2}) atoms from the CH{sub 3}I photodissociation in the B-band

The photodissociation of CH{sub 3}I in the second absorption band (the B-band) has been studied at the wavelength 199.11 nm, coincident with the 3{sub 0}{sup 1} {sup 3}R{sub 1}(E)(leftarrow)X(tilde sign)({sup 1}A{sub 1}) CH{sub 3}I vibronic transition, using a combination of slice imaging and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of the CH{sub 3} fragment. The kinetic energy and angular distributions of the recoiling CH{sub 3} fragment confirm a major predissociation dynamics channel as a result of the interaction between the bound {sup 3}R{sub 1} Rydberg state and the repulsive {sup 3}A{sub 1}(E) state - ascribed to the A-band - yielding CH{sub 3} fragments in correlation with spin-orbit excited I*({sup 2}P{sub 1/2}) atoms. In addition, first evidence of a non-negligible population of ground state I({sup 2}P{sub 3/2}) atoms in the CH{sub 3} fragment slice images, suggests a secondary predissociation mechanism via interaction between the {sup 3}R{sub 1} Rydberg state and the repulsive A-band {sup 1}Q{sub 1} state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Molecular ion-pair states in ungerade H{sub 2}

Molecular ion-pair states are analogs of electronic Rydberg states, but with the electron replaced by a much heavier ion. We calculate ab initio the long-range vibrational H{sup +}H{sup -} ion-pair states in H{sub 2} for ungerade {sup 1}{Sigma}{sub u}{sup +} symmetry, corresponding to recent observations by Ekey and McCormack [Phys. Rev. A 84, 020501 (2011)]. The overall trends in the experiment are reproduced and many peaks can be assigned. The calculations yield interloper resonances corresponding to vibrational states trapped inside the barriers on the potential-energy curves 5,6 {sup 1}{Sigma}{sub u}{sup +}.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Effect of photoions on the line shape of the Foerster resonance lines and microwave transitions in cold rubidium Rydberg atoms

Experiments are carried out on the spectroscopy of the Foerster resonance lines Rb(37P) + Rb(37P) {yields} Rb(37S) + Rb(38S) and microwave transitions nP {yields} n Prime S, n Prime D between Rydberg states of cold rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Under ordinary conditions, all spectra exhibit a linewidth of 2-3 MHz irrespective of the interaction time between atoms or between atoms and microwave radiation, although the limit resonance width should be determined by the inverse interaction time. The analysis of experimental conditions has shown that the main source of line broadening is the inhomogeneous electric field of cold photoions that are generated under the excitation of initial nP Rydberg states by broadband pulsed laser radiation. The application of an additional electric-field pulse that rapidly extracts photoions produced by a laser pulse leads to a considerable narrowing of lines of microwave resonances and the Foerster resonance. Various sources of line broadening in cold Rydberg atoms are analyzed.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Spectroscopic observation of bound ungerade ion-pair states in molecular hydrogen

Frequency-resolved observations of heavy Rydberg states in molecular hydrogen are reported in the ungerade manifold of states. Double-resonance spectroscopy via the E,F {sup 1}{Sigma}{sub g}{sup +}, v{sup '}=6 state has been used to probe the energy region above the H(1s) + H(3l) dissociation threshold. Resonances are observed by ionizing H(3l) to produce H{sup +}, which is then detected by using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The kinetic energy of the H{sup +} ion confirms that the observed signal is due to the photoionization of neutral H(3l) atoms, indicating that dissociation is a significant decay channel for the ion-pair states. The pattern of energies of the resonances agree well with the predictions of a mass-scaled Rydberg formula for bound quantum states of the H{sup +}H{sup -} ion pair. Energies and quantum defects have been determined for principal quantum numbers in the range of n=130 to 207.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Valence shell electronically excited states of norbornadiene and quadricyclane

The absolute photoabsorption cross sections of norbornadiene (NBD) and quadricyclane (QC), two isomers with chemical formula C 7 H 8 that are attracting much interest for solar energy storage applications, have been measured from threshold up to 10.8 eV using the Fourier transform spectrometer at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. The absorption spectrum of NBD exhibits some sharp structure associated with transitions into Rydberg states, superimposed on several broad bands attributable to valence excitations. Sharp structure, although less pronounced, also appears in the absorption spectrum of QC. Assignments have been proposed for some of the absorption bands using calculated vertical transition energies and oscillator strengths for the electronically excited states of NBD and QC. Natural transition orbitals indicate that some of the electronically excited states in NBD have a mixed Rydberg/valence character, whereas the first ten excited singlet states in QC are all predominantly Rydberg in the vertical region. In NBD, a comparison between the vibrational structure observed in the experimental 1 1 B 1 –1 1 A 1 (3sa 1 ← 5b 1 ) band and that predicted by Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller modeling has necessitated a revision of the band origin and of the vibrational assignments proposed previously. Similar comparisons have encouraged a revision of the adiabatic first ionization energy of NBD. Simulations of the vibrational structure due to excitation from the 5b 2 orbital in QC into 3p and 3d Rydberg states have allowed tentative assignments to be proposed for the complex structure observed in the absorption bands between ~5.4 and 7.0 eV.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1984

Fluorescence from photofragments as an aid in identifying new molecular states - The N2 case

Synchrotron radiation has been used to measure the excitation function for producing fluorescence in the 1050-1800 A region through photodissociative excitation of N2 in the 400-620 A region and the photoabsorption cross section of N2 in the 600-670 A region. From the fluorescence excitation function there is found (1) a molecular state(s) in the 21-22.5 eV region which has not been observed in absorption and photoionization spectra, (2) structures which correlate with known two-electron excited Rydberg states, and (3) a decrease in fluorescence cross section at photon energies greater than 23.8 eV, which indicates the existence of new competing processes. The observed molecular state(s) as well as the weak absorption structure in the 19-21 eV region are tentatively assigned as a Rydberg series leading to the D2Pi(g) of N2(+). The newly observed Rydberg states in the 21-22.5 eV region may account for the unusual behavior recently reported in photoelectron spectroscopy results.

Wu, C. Y. R.↗
DOE OSTI2015

The geometrical change and intramolecular energy transfer upon S{sub 1}←S{sub 0} excitation in cyclopentanone

The ultrafast dynamics in vibrationally hot S{sub 1} electronic excited state in cyclopentanone molecule was discovered with time resolved spectroscopy. Investigation of the geometry change upon the S{sub 1}←S{sub 0} excitation and D{sub 0}←S{sub 1} ionization has shown that the dihedral angle between the C=O bond and the plane given by the carbonyl and the α-carbons is 180° either in S{sub 0} or D{sub 0} state and is reduced to 145.8° by out-out-plane deformation of the oxygen in S{sub 1} state according to the theoretical calculation. The time domain experiments with femtosecond resolution have given rich insights into the energy transfer of the cyclopentanone molecule. The molecules are excited to the vibrationally hot S{sub 1} (n, π{sup ∗}) state following absorption of one 267-nm photon. It is found that the population of the S{sub 1} (n, π{sup ∗}) state undergoes ultrafast internal conversion to the highly vibrationally hot S{sub 0} state within 80 fs and nonradiative deactivation by intersystem crossing to triplet T{sub 1} (n, π{sup *}) state occurring in 3.14 ps. Several Rydberg states have worked as stepping stones during the ionization. The available energy was distributed in the symmetric methylene group wagging and the symmetric skeletal ring breathing modes in D{sub 0} state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Multiply-ionized atoms isolated at low energy in a unitary Penning trap

Ions extracted from the EBIT at NIST are slowed and captured in a Penning trap that is made very compact (< 150 cm{sup 3}) by a unitary architecture [1]. Measurements after 1 ms of ion storage indicate that the isolated ions are distributed with 5.5(5) eV of energy spread, which is roughly 2 orders of magnitude lower than expected in the ion source, without implementing any active cooling [2]. Some experiments are discussed. One goal is to produce one-electron ions in high angular momentum states for studying optical transitions between Rydberg states that could potentially enable new tests of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and determinations of fundamental constants [3].

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A reinterpretation of the electronic spectrum of pyrrole: A quantum dynamics study

The first band in the electronic spectrum of pyrrole is calculated from wavepacket propagations performed using the MCTDH method. To do so, two model Hamiltonians are constructed to describe seven low-lying excited electronic states of pyrrole. These Hamiltonians are based on the vibronic coupling model, and are parameterised via fitting to extensive CASPT2 and EOM-CCSD calculations. A detailed analysis of the structure of pyrrole's electronic spectrum in the range 5.5 to 6.5 eV is made. The role of intensity borrowing from transitions to ππ{sup *} states by lower-lying 3s and 3p Rydberg states is assessed, and reassignments of much of the spectrum are subsequently made which indicate that most of the states in the spectrum are predominantly Rydberg in character. The resulting conclusions drawn serve to highlight the limitations of assignments based on the matching of calculated vertical excitation energies and the positions of peak maxima observed in electronic spectra.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1972

Partially autoionizing states of atomic oxygen

The Rydberg states 3d' (3Po)2,1,0 and 3s'' (3Po)2,1,0 and the inner shell transition 2s 2p5 (3Po)2,1,0, which are forbidden to autoionize on the basis of LS coupling, were observed in emission spectroscopy and in autoionization spectra produced in the photoelectron spectrum of atomic oxygen.

Samson, J. A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Partially autoionizing states of atomic oxygen

Certain Rydberg states and an intershell transition of atomic oxygen were shown to partially autoionize, and to produce emission spectra competitive with autoionization. These states are forbidden to autoionize on the basis of LS coupling; but they were observed both in emission spectroscopy and in photoelectron spectroscopy. The results explain an unidentified structure in the 584 Angstrom He I atomic O spectrum observed by previous investigators.

Samson, J. A. R.↗
DOE OSTI2015

General features of the dissociative recombination of polyatomic molecules

We discuss some aspects of a simple expression for the low-energy dissociative recombination cross section that applies when the recombination process is dominated by the indirect mechanism. In most previous applications, this expression has been applied to capture into vibrationally excited Rydberg states with the assumption that capture is always followed by prompt dissociation. Here we consider the dissociative recombination of larger polyatomic ions and electrons. More specifically, we consider capture into electronically core-excited Rydberg states, and begin to assess its potential importance for larger systems.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Photoabsorption, photoionization, and Auger processes at the carbon K edge in C H 3 I

The dynamics of photoabsorption, photoionization, and the associated Auger decay have been investigated at the carbon K edge in methyl iodide (CH 3 I) using linearly polarized synchrotron radiation. Ion yield measurements were used to investigate transitions in the pre-edge region due to excitations into either unoccupied valence or Rydberg states. The assignment of these transitions was achieved through comparison with theoretical x-ray absorption spectra calculated using time-dependent density functional theory, within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Several of the Rydberg states belonging to series converging onto the C1s ionization limit exhibit significant vibrational structure that is also interpreted using theoretical calculations. The C1s in CH 3 I photoelectron spectrum was measured, and the observed vibrational structure was assigned with the aid of theoretical predictions. Polarization dependent, resonantly excited, valence shell photoelectron spectra were recorded at photon energies coinciding with the C1s → σ*, C1s → 6sa1 and C1s → 6pe transitions in CH 3 I , thereby allowing photoelectron angular distributions to be determined. The nonresonantly excited C(KVV) Auger electron spectrum was measured and some of the features observed at high kinetic energies were attributed to transitions into valence orbitals possessing significant iodine character. The contributions of participator and spectator Auger decay to the resonantly excited photoelectron spectra have been assessed. The influence of participator decay appears minor whereas spectator decay results in the enhanced population of satellite states.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2007

Polarizabilities of the Ps Negative Ion

We have calculated polarizabilities (alpha(sub l), beta(sub 1), gamma(sub l), alpha(sub 2), beta(sub 2), and gamma(sub 2)) of Ps(sup -) by the pseudostate method. These parameters can be used to calculate Rydberg states of Ps(sup -) in the presence of an external electron with high quantum numbers N and L. They are also of importance in a system containing Ps(sup -) bound to a proton [PsH], and also Rydberg states of Ps(sub 2).

Bhatia, A. K.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene

New photoelectron (PE) and ultra violet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) spectra have been obtained for chlorobenzene by synchrotron study with higher sensitivity and resolution than previous work and are subjected to detailed analysis. In addition, we report on the mass-resolved (2 + 1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of a jet-cooled sample. Both the VUV and REMPI spectra have enabled identification of a considerable number of Rydberg states for the first time. The use of ab initio calculations, which include both multi-reference multi-root doubles and singles configuration interaction (MRD-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical (TDDFT) methods, has led to major advances in interpretation of the vibrational structure of the ionic and electronically excited states. Franck-Condon (FC) analyses of the PE spectra, including both hot and cold bands, indicate much more complex envelopes than previously thought. The sequence of ionic states can be best interpreted by our multi-configuration self-consistent field computations and also by comparison of the calculated vibrational structure of the B and C ionic states with experiment; these conclusions suggest that the leading sequence is the same as that of iodobenzene and bromobenzene, namely: X{sup 2}B{sub 1}(3b{sub 1}{sup −1}) < A{sup 2}A{sub 2}(1a{sub 2}{sup −1}) < B{sup 2}B{sub 2}(6b{sub 2}{sup −1}) < C{sup 2}B{sub 1}(2b{sub 1}{sup −1}). The absorption onset near 4.6 eV has been investigated using MRD-CI and TDDFT calculations; the principal component of this band is {sup 1}B{sub 2} and an interpretation based on the superposition of FC and Herzberg-Teller contributions has been performed. The other low-lying absorption band near 5.8 eV is dominated by a {sup 1}A{sub 1} state, but an underlying weak {sup 1}B{sub 1} state (πσ{sup ∗}) is also found. The strongest band in the VUV spectrum near 6.7 eV is poorly resolved and is analyzed in terms of two ππ{sup ∗} states of {sup 1}A{sub 1} (higher oscillator strength) and {sup 1}B{sub 2} (lower oscillator strength) symmetries, respectively. The calculated vertical excitation energies of these two states are critically dependent upon the presence of Rydberg functions in the basis set, since both manifolds are strongly perturbed by the Rydberg states in this energy range. A number of equilibrium structures of the ionic and singlet excited states show that the molecular structure is less subject to variation than corresponding studies for iodobenzene and bromobenzene.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗