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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Characterization of two different orientations of epitaxial niobium thin films grown on MgO(001) surfaces

Epitaxial Nb thin films deposited onto the same crystalline insulating surface can evolve in very different fashions depending on specific deposition conditions, thereby affecting their microstructure, surface morphology and superconducting properties. Here, we examine and compare the microstructure and ensuing surface morphology from two distinct Nb/MgO series each with its own epitaxial registry—namely Nb(001)/MgO(001) and Nb(110)/MgO(001)—leading to distinct surface anisotropy and we closely examine the dynamical scaling of the surface features during growth. We compare our findings with those in other metal/MgO epitaxial systems and for the first time, general scaling formalism is applied to analyze anisotropic surfaces exhibiting biaxial symmetry. Further, Power Spectral Density is applied to the specific problem of thin film growth and surface evolution to qualify the set of deposition conditions leading to smoother surfaces. We find good correlation between the surface morphology and microstructure of the various Nb films with superconducting properties such as their residual resistance ratio and lower critical field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Stabilization of prescribed values and periodic orbits with regular and pulse target oriented control

Investigating a method of chaos control for one-dimensional maps, where the intervention is proportional to the difference between a fixed value and a current state, we demonstrate that stabilization is possible in one of the two following cases: (1) for small values, the map is increasing and the slope of the line connecting the points on the line with the origin is decreasing; (2) the chaotic map is locally Lipschitz. Moreover, in the latter case we prove that any point of the map can be stabilized. In addition, we study pulse stabilization when the intervention occurs each m-th step and illustrate that stabilization is possible for the first type of maps. In the context of population dynamics, we notice that control with a positive target, even if stabilization is not achieved, leads to persistent solutions and prevents extinction in models which experience the Allee effect.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tailoring the electronic transitions of NdNiO{sub 3} films through (111){sub pc} oriented interfaces

Bulk NdNiO{sub 3} and thin films grown along the pseudocubic (001){sub pc} axis display a 1st order metal to insulator transition (MIT) together with a Néel transition at T = 200 K. Here, we show that for NdNiO{sub 3} films deposited on (111){sub pc} NdGaO{sub 3}, the MIT occurs at T = 335 K and the Néel transition at T = 230 K. By comparing transport and magnetic properties of layers grown on substrates with different symmetries and lattice parameters, we demonstrate a particularly large tuning when the epitaxy is realized on (111){sub pc} surfaces. We attribute this effect to the specific lattice matching conditions imposed along this direction when using orthorhombic substrates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Atomic scale study of surface orientations and energies of Ti 2 O 3 crystals

For nanostructured particles, the faceting planes and their terminating chemical species are two critical factors that govern their chemical behavior. In this paper, the surface atomistic structure and termination of Ti 2 O 3 crystals were analyzed using atomic-scale aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. STEM imaging reveals that the Ti 2 O 3 crystals are most often faceted along (001), (012), (-114), and (1–20) planes. The DFT calculation indicates that the (012) surface with TiO-termination has the lowest cleavage energy and correspondingly the lowest surface energy, indicating that (012) will be the most stable and prevalent surfaces in Ti 2 O 3 nanocrystals. Finally, these observations provide insights for exploring the interfacial process involving Ti 2 O 3 nanoparticles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Learning electric vehicle driver range anxiety with an initial state of charge-oriented gradient boosting approach

This manuscript focuses on the modeling of electric vehicle (EV) driver’s range anxiety, a fear that a vehicle does not have sufficient range, or state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack, to reach its destination and would strand its occupants. Despite numerous research studies on the modeling of charging behaviors, modeling efforts to understand at what battery percentages do EV drivers charge their vehicles, and what are the associated contributing factors, are rather limited. To this end, an ensemble learning model based on gradient boosting is developed. The model sequentially fits new predictors to new residuals of the previous prediction and, then, minimizes the loss when adding the latest prediction. A total of 18 features are defined and extracted from the multisource data, which cover information on driver, vehicles, stations, traffic conditions, as well as spatial-temporal context information of the charging events. The analyzed dataset includes 4.5-year’s charging event log data from 3,096 users and 468 public charging stations in Kansas City Missouri, and the macroscopic travel demand model maintained by the metropolitan planning organization. Here, the result shows the proposed model achieved a satisfactory result with a R square value of 0.54 and root mean square error of 0.14, both better than multiple linear regression model and random forest model. To reduce range anxiety, it is suggested that the priorities of deploying new charging facilities should be given to the areas with higher daily traffic prediction, with more conservative EV users or that are further from residential areas.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Grain Boundary Plane Measurement Using Transmission Electron Microscopy Automated Crystallographic Orientation Mapping for Atom Probe Tomography Specimens

Abstract Grain boundaries are critical in determining the properties of materials, including mechanical stability, conductivity, and corrosion resistance. The specific properties of materials depend not only on the misorientation of the crystals, the three most commonly characterized parameters, but also on the angle of the grain boundary plane between the two crystals, the final two parameters in the five-parameter macroscopic description of the grain boundary. The method presented here allows for the direct measurement of all five parameters of the grain boundary in a transmission electron microscopy specimen of various morphologies. This is especially applicable to atom probe specimens, where only a single-tilt axis is generally available, allowing the crystallographic description to be matched to the detailed chemical data available in the atom probe tomography. This method provides a platform for efficient grain boundary analysis in unique samples, saving operator time and allowing for ease of acquisition and interpretation in comparison with traditional electron diffraction methods.

Materials Science↗