Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “KAONS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7

Distinguishing Quarks and Gluons in Pion and Kaon PDFs

The leading-twist parton distribution functions of the pion and kwon are calculated for the first time using a rainbow-ladder truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) that self-consistently sums all planar diagrams. The nonperturbative gluon dressing of the quarks is thereby correctly accounted for, which in practice means solving the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for the quark operator that defines the spin-independent quark distribution functions. An immediate consequence of using this dressed vertex is that gluons carry 35% of the pion's and 30% of the kaon's light-cone momentum, with the remaining momentum carried by the quarks. The scale associated with these DSE results is μ 0 = 0.78 GeV. The gluon effects generated by the inhomogeneous BSE are inherently nonperturbative and cannot be mimicked by the perturbative QCD evolution equations. A key consequence of this gluon dressing is that the valence quarks have reduced support at low-to-intermediate x, where the gluons dominate, and increased support at large x. As a result, our DSE calculation of the pion's valence quark distribution is in excellent agreement with the Conway et al. pion-induced Drell-Yan data, but nevertheless exhibits the q π (x) similar or equal to (1 - x) 2 behavior as x -> 1 predicted by perturbative QCD.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for a Hidden Sector Scalar from Kaon Decay in the Dimuon Final State at ICARUS

We present a search for long-lived particles (LLPs), produced in kaon decays, that decay to two muons inside the ICARUS neutrino detector. This channel would be a signal of hidden sector models that can address outstanding issues in particle physics such as the strong CP problem and the microphysical origin of dark matter. The search is performed with data collected in the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at Fermilab corresponding to 2.41 × 10 20 protons-on-target. No new physics signal is observed, and we set world leading limits on heavy QCD axions, as well as for the Higgs portal scalar among dedicated searches. Limits are also presented in a model-independent way applicable to any new physics model predicting the process 𝐾 → 𝜋 + 𝑆⁡(→ 𝜇⁢𝜇), for a LLP 𝑆. This result is the first search for new physics performed with the ICARUS detector at Fermilab. It paves the way for the future program of LLP searches at ICARUS.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Pion and kaon PDFs from lattice QCD via large momentum effective theory and short-distance factorization

In this paper, we present a first-principles lattice-QCD calculation of the unpolarized quark PDF for the pion and the kaon. The lattice data rely on matrix elements calculated for boosted mesons coupled to non-local operators containing a Wilson line. The calculations on this lattice ensemble correspond to two degenerate light, a strange, and a charm quark (𝑁 𝑓 = 2 + 1 + 1), using maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term. The lattice volume is 32 3 × 64, with a lattice spacing of 0.0934 fm, and a pion mass of 260 MeV. Matrix elements are calculated for hadron boosts of |𝑃 3 | = 0, 0.41, 0.83, 1.25, 1.66, and 2.07 GeV. To match lattice QCD results to their light-cone counterparts, we employ two complementary frameworks: the large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) and the short-distance factorization (SDF). Using these approaches in parallel, we also test the lattice data to identify methodology-driven systematics. Results are presented for the standard quark PDFs, as well as the valence sector. Beyond obtaining the PDFs, we also explore the possibility of extracting information on SU(3) flavor-symmetry-breaking effects. For LaMET, we also parametrize the momentum dependence to obtain the infinite-momentum PDFs. Since the present calculation is performed on a single ensemble at a pion mass of 260 MeV and fixed lattice spacing, the uncertainties reported are statistical only, and systematic uncertainties remain to be addressed in future multi-ensemble studies.

Miller, Joshua [Temple University, Philadelphia, P↗

Study of the inclusive production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9, 2.76,\mbox{ and }7~\mbox{TeV}$

Spectra of identified charged hadrons are measured in pp collisions at the LHC for sqrt(s) = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV. Charged pions, kaons, and protons in the transverse-momentum range pt approximately 0.1-1.7 GeV and for rapidities abs(y) < 1 are identified via their energy loss in the CMS silicon tracker. The average pt increases rapidly with the mass of the hadron and the event charged-particle multiplicity, independently of the center-of-mass energy. The fully corrected pt spectra and integrated yields are compared to various tunes of the PYTHIA6 and PYTHIA8 event generators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Study of the production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pPb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}} =\; $$ s N N = 5.02 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV

Spectra of identified charged hadrons are measured in pPb collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV. Charged pions, kaons, and protons in the transverse-momentum range pt approximately 0.1-1.7 GeV and laboratory rapidity abs(y) < 1 are identified via their energy loss in the silicon tracker. The average pt increases with particle mass and the charged multiplicity of the event. The increase of the average pt with charged multiplicity is greater for heavier hadrons. Comparisons to Monte Carlo event generators reveal that EPOS LHC, which incorporates additional hydrodynamic evolution of the created system, is able to reproduce most of the data features, unlike HIJING and AMPT. The pt spectra and integrated yields are also compared to those measured in pp and PbPb collisions at various energies. The average transverse momentum and particle ratio measurements indicate that particle production at LHC energies is strongly correlated with event particle multiplicity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and &straightphi; mesons in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV

The first measurement of the production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and &straightphi; mesons at midrapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV is presented. Transverse momentum (p T ) spectra and p T -integrated yields are extracted in several centrality intervals bridging from p–Pb to mid-central Pb–Pb collisions in terms of final-state multiplicity. The study of Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions allows systems at similar charged-particle multiplicities but with different initial geometrical eccentricities to be investigated. A detailed comparison of the spectral shapes in the two systems reveals an opposite behaviour for radial and elliptic flow. In particular, this study shows that the radial flow does not depend on the colliding system when compared at similar charged-particle multiplicity. In terms of hadron chemistry, the previously observed smooth evolution of particle ratios with multiplicity from small to large collision systems is also found to hold in Xe–Xe. In addition, our results confirm that two remarkable features of particle production at LHC energies are also valid in the collision of medium-sized nuclei: the lower proton-to-pion ratio with respect to the thermal model expectations and the increase of the &straightphi;-to-pion ratio with increasing final-state multiplicity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Kaon physics without new physics in $$ \varepsilon _K$$

Abstract Despite the observation of significant suppressions of $$b\rightarrow s\mu ^+\mu ^-$$ b → s μ + μ - branching ratios no clear sign of New Physics (NP) has been identified in $$\Delta F=2$$ Δ F = 2 observables $$\Delta M_{d,s}$$ Δ M d , s , $$\varepsilon _K$$ ε K and the mixing induced CP asymmetries $$S_{\psi K_S}$$ S ψ K S and $$S_{\psi \phi }$$ S ψ ϕ . Assuming negligible NP contributions to these observables allows to determine CKM parameters without being involved in the tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of $$|V_{cb}|$$ | V cb | and $$|V_{ub}|$$ | V ub | . Furthermore this method avoids the impact of NP on the determination of these parameters present likely in global fits. Simultaneously it provides SM predictions for numerous rare K and B branching ratios that are most accurate to date. Analyzing this scenario within $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ models we point out, following the 2009 observations of Monika Blanke and ours of 2020, that despite the absence of NP contributions to $$\varepsilon _K$$ ε K , significant NP contributions to $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ , $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ , $$K_S\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ K S → μ + μ - , $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0\ell ^+\ell ^-$$ K L → π 0 ℓ + ℓ - , $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ ε ′ / ε and $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K can be present. In the simplest scenario, this is guaranteed, as far as flavour changes are concerned, by a single non-vanishing imaginary left-handed $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ coupling $$g^L_{sd}$$ g sd L . This scenario implies very stringent correlations between the Kaon observables considered by us. In particular, the identification of NP in any of these observables implies automatically NP contributions to the remaining ones under the assumption of non-vanishing flavour conserving $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ couplings to $$q{\bar{q}}$$ q q ¯ , $$\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ ν ν ¯ , and $$\mu ^+\mu ^-$$ μ + μ - . A characteristic feature of this scenario is a strict correlation between $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ and $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ branching ratios on a branch parallel to the Grossman-Nir bound. Moreover, $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K is automatically suppressed as seems to be required by the results of the RBC-UKQCD lattice QCD collaboration. Furthermore, there is no NP contribution to $$K_L\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ K L → μ + μ - which otherwise would bound NP effects in $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ . Of particular interest are the correlations of $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ and $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ branching ratios and of $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K with the ratio $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ ε ′ / ε . We investigate the impact of renormalization group effects in the context of the SMEFT on this simple scenario.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of charged kaon production by neutrinos at MINERvA

Charged kaon production by atmospheric neutrinos is a background in searches for the proton decay $p \rightarrow K^{+} \bar{\nu}$. This channel is well motivated theoretically, and is favored by Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories. Measurements of neutrino-induced $K^{+}$ production are important inputs for current and future proton decay searches at Super-K, Hyper-K and DUNE. The MINERvA neutrino-nucleus cross section experiment at Fermilab uses timing information to reconstruct $K^{+}$ decay-at-rest events. Differential cross section measurements are presented for both charged- and neutral-current neutrino interactions on plastic scintillator (CH). The cross section in $K^{+}$ kinetic energy, $d\sigma/dT_K$, is observed to be relatively flat between 0 and 500 MeV for both charged- and neutral-current scattering. Its shape is in good agreement with the prediction by the GENIE neutrino event generator when final-state interactions are included. A measurement of the hadronic visible energy in neutral-current $K^{+}$ events is also presented, as proton decay backgrounds come from events with very low visible energy. The spectrum is observed to be slightly softer in data than in \genie. A search for charged-current coherent $K^{+}$ production, $\nu_{\mu}A\rightarrow\mu^{-}K^{+}A$, is also presented. This rare process brings a $K^{+}$ on shell and leaves the target nucleus in its ground state. We find the first experimental evidence for the process at $3\sigma$ significance.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Psi(3095) Decays Involving Kaons

Some specific decay modes of the $(3095) involving kaons have been studied to provide information on the SU 3 character of the new meson. The data favor an SU 3 singlet assignment of the φ(3095) although quantitative tests do not agree with the hypothesis of a pure state and exact SU 3 conservation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Flavour Decomposition with Precision Pion and Kaon Cross Sections

Key properties of the nucleon are encoded in the correlation between their longitudinal momentum and their transverse position, such as the orbital angular momentum. This correlation is expressed through Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), which can be understood as spatial densities at different values of the longitudinal momentum of the quark. Validation of our understanding of hard exclusive reactions ($\pi^+$, $K^+$, $\pi^0$, $\gamma$) is an essential aspect towards such 3D hadron imaging and potential future flavor decomposition. The key to extracting GPDs from experiment is QCD factorization theorems. To validate the meson factorization theorems and potentially extract flavor separated GPDs from experiment, one has measure the separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections and their $t$ and $Q^2$ dependencies. Recent data and prospects for deep exclusive pion, both charged and neutral, and kaon electroproduction are presented, which conceptually would allow for flavor separations.

Horn, Tanja↗

Neutrino Physics Opportunities with Pion and Kaon Decay-at-Rest Neutrino Source

Low-energy neutrino sources, such as those from stopped-pion, stopped-kaon or core-collapse supernova, interact with target nuclei in detectors through either coherent elastic or inelastic scattering processes. These interactions provide valuable insights into various Standard Model and Beyond the Standard Model phenomena, with significant implications for nuclear physics, particle physics, and astrophysics. The precision of coherent elastic scattering, where the nucleus remains in its ground state, depends on the accuracy of the underlying weak form factor of the nucleus. In contrast, inelastic scattering, where neutrinos excite the target nucleus to low-lying nuclear states, involves complex nuclear structures and dynamics and are quite poorly constrained. In this talk, I will present the physics opportunities offered by these neutrino sources, produced as secondary beams in an electron beam dump configuration at Jefferson Lab, and discuss their synergy with global neutrino experiments.

Pandey, Vishvas [Fermilab]↗

First Measurement of Charged Current Muon Neutrino-Induced Kaon Production on Argon using the MicroBooNE Detector

MicroBooNE is an 85-tonne active mass liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector exposed to the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) at Fermilab. One of the key physics goals is the precise measurement of neutrino interactions on argon in the 1 GeV energy regime. The study of strange and heavier meson production in neutrino interactions, in particular final states containing $K^{+}$, will help to improve the background estimates for future nucleon decay searches in experiments such as DUNE, provide valuable input for improving neutrino generator models, and will allow the development of techniques to enhance the particle identification capabilities of LArTPCs. In this work, we present the first-ever cross-section measurements of charged current muon neutrino-induced kaon production on argon at MicroBooNE.

Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo H. [South Dakota Sch. Mine↗

Calculation of BSM Kaon B-parameters using improved staggered quarks in N_f = 2+1 QCD

We present updated results for kaon B-parameters for operators arising in models of new physics.We use HYP-smeared staggered quarks on the N f = 2 + 1 MILC asqtad lattices. During the last year we have added new ensembles, which has necessitated chiral-continuum fitting with more elaborate fitting functions. We have also corrected an error in a two-loop anomalous dimension used to evolve results between different scales. Our results for the beyond-the-Standard-Model B-parameters have total errors of 5–10%. We find that the discrepancy observed last year between our results and those of the RBC/UKQCD and ETM collaborations for some of the B-parameters has been reduced from 4–5σ to 2–3σ.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Hadron Mass Effects: Kaons at HERMES vs. COMPASS

Experimental data for integrated kaon multiplicities taken at HERMES and COMPASS measurements look incompatible with each other. In this talk, we investigate the effects of hadron masses calculated at leading-order and leading twist at the kinematics of these two experiments. We present evidence that Hadron Mass Corrections can fully reconcile the data for the K+/K- multiplicity ratio, and can also sizeably reduce the apparent large discrepancy in the case of K++K- data. Residual differences in the shape of the latter one remains to be understood.

Guerrero Teran, Juan V.↗

Extracting the strangeness freeze-out temperature from net-Kaon data at RHIC

Using the moments of the net-kaon distribution calculated within a state of-the-art hadron resonance gas model compared to experimental data from STAR's Beam Energy Scan, we find that the extracted strange freeze-out temperature is incompatible with the light one extracted from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations. Additionally predictions for net-Lambda fluctuations are made that also appear to be consistent with a higher freeze-out temperature for strange particles. This strangeness freeze-out temperature is roughly 10-15 MeV higher than the corresponding light freeze-out temperature. We also discuss cross-susceptibilities using different identified particles, which may be a further test of this two freeze-out temperature picture. Finally, we lay out the necessary updates needed in relativistic hydrodynamic models to take into account for this two freeze-out temperature scenario and present preliminary results of Λ spectra at RHIC for AuAu √sNN =200 GeV collisions that indicate a higher freeze-out temperature is preferred.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

30 GeV pgun collisions, Single particles type, PARTICLE GUN generator: pgun_kaon_eta4_pt30gev

Single particle gun for detector studies: A particle gun with single charged kaons (K+ and K-). One particle per event. Production at (x,y,z,t)=(0,0,0,0). Charges are alternated. Flat random transverse momenta with pT from 0 to 30 GeV. Uniform distribution in Phi. Uniform distribution in the Eta (pseudorapidity) range [-4, 4].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗