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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Small-x structure of oxygen and neon isotopes as seen by the Large Hadron Collider

Results on collisions of O-16 nuclei performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been presented for the first time at Quark Matter 2023 by the STAR collaboration. O-16+O-16 collisions are also expected to take place in the near future at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at much higher beam energies. We explore the potential of beam-energy-dependent studies for this system to probe small-x dynamics and QCD evolution. We perform 3+1D IP-Glasma simulations to predict the rapidity dependence of the initial geometry of light-ion collisions, focusing on O-16+O-16 and Ne-20+Ne-20 collisions at root s(NN) = 70 GeV and 7 TeV. The choice of Ne-20 is motivated by its strongly elongated geometry, which may respond differently to the effect of the high-energy evolution compared to the more spherical O-16. We find that smearing induced by soft gluon production at high energy causes mild variations in the initial-state eccentricities as a function of the collision energy. These effects could be resolved in future experiments and deserve further investigation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Shape and flow fluctuations in ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

In ultracentral heavy-ion collisions, anisotropic hydrodynamic flow is generated by density fluctuations in the initial state rather than by geometric overlap effects. For a given centrality class, the initial fluctuation spectrum is sensitive to the method chosen for binning the events into centrality classes. We show that sorting events by total initial entropy or by total final multiplicity yields event classes with equivalent statistical fluctuation properties, in spite of viscous entropy production during the fireball evolution. With this initial entropy-based centrality definition we generate several classes of ultracentral Pb + Pb collisions at CERN Large Hadron Collider energies and evolve the events using viscous hydrodynamics with nonzero shear but vanishing bulk viscosity. Comparing the predicted anisotropic flow coefficients for charged hadrons with CMS data we find that both the Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glb) and Monte Carlo Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (MC-KLN) models produce initial fluctuation spectra that are incompatible with the measured final anisotropic flow power spectrum, for any choice of the specific shear viscosity. In spite of this failure, we show that the hydrodynamic model can qualitatively explain, in terms of event-by-event fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients and flow angles, the breaking of flow factorization for elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow measured by the CMS experiment. For elliptic flow, this factorization breaking is large in ultracentral collisions. Finally, we conclude that the bulk of the experimentally observed flow factorization breaking effects are qualitatively explained by hydrodynamic evolution of initial-state fluctuations, but that their quantitative description requires a better understanding of the initial fluctuation spectrum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

This Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle Ψ n and flow magnitude v n fluctuations determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations are observed in the presented centrality ranges and are strongest in the most central collisions and for a transverse momentum p T > 2 GeV / c. Comparison with theoretical models, including iEBE-VISHNU, MUSIC, and AMPT, show that the measurements exhibit unique sensitivities to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Future Circular Hadron Collider FCC-hh: Overview and Status

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. Its goal is to push the field to the next energy frontier beyond LHC, increasing by an order of magnitude the mass of particles that could be directly produced, and decreasing by an order of magnitude the subatomic distances to be studied. The FCC study covers two accelerators, namely, an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh) and a highest luminosity, high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee). Both rings are hosted in the same 100 km tunnel infrastructure, replicating the CERN strategy for LEP and LHC, i.e. developing a lepton and a hadron ring sharing the same tunnel. This paper is devoted to the FCC-hh and summarizes the key features of the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and underlying technologies. The material presented in this paper builds on the conceptual design report published in 2019, and extends it, including also the progress made and the results achieved since then.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Discovering neutrino tridents at the Large Hadron Collider

Neutrino trident production of dilepton pairs is well recognized as a sensitive probe of both electroweak physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. Although a rare process, it could be significantly boosted by such new physics, and it also allows the electroweak theory to be tested in a new regime. We demonstrate that the forward neutrino physics program at the Large Hadron Collider offers a promising opportunity to measure for the first time, dimuon neutrino tridents with a statistical significance exceeding 5 σ , improving on the previous claims at the ∼ 3 σ level by the CHARM-II and CCFR collaborations while accounting for additional backgrounds later identified by the NuTeV collaboration. We present predictions for various proposed experiments and outline a specific experimental strategy to identify the signal and mitigate backgrounds, based on “reverse tracking” dimuon pairs in the FASER ν 2 detector. We also discuss prospects for constraining beyond Standard Model contributions to neutrino trident rates at high energies. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Discovering neutrino tridents at the Large Hadron Collider

Neutrino trident production of di-lepton pairs is well recognized as a sensitive probe of both electroweak physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. Although a rare process, it could be significantly boosted by such new physics, and it also allows the electroweak theory to be tested in a new regime. We demonstrate that the forward neutrino physics program at the Large Hadron Collider offers a promising opportunity to measure for the first time, dimuon neutrino tridents with a statistical significance exceeding $5\sigma$. We present predictions for various proposed experiments and outline a specific experimental strategy to identify the signal and mitigate backgrounds, based on "reverse tracking" dimuon pairs in the FASER$\nu$2 detector. We also discuss prospects for constraining beyond Standard Model contributions to neutrino trident rates at high energies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Prospects for identification the direct and indirect effects of extra spatial dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider

The existence of massive graviton states, that may be produced as real and virtual particles in high-energy proton collisions, is predicted by the modern developments of Kaluza-Klein models with extra spatial dimensions. The direct and indirect signatures of large and warped extra spatial dimensions may be revealed by analyzing the specific characteristics of dilepton and diphoton final states formed in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Virtual effects in the Kaluza-Klein models with large extra spatial dimensions can be discovered by the specic behavior of the dilpton and diphoton invariant-mass distributions, and their identication (in case of discovery) can be performed by the analysis of their angular distributions with integrated center-edge asymmetry. Assuming the nominal values of the LHC collision energy (14 TeV) and luminosity (100 fb{sup –1}), for the models with large extra spatial dimensions we find that the sensitivity to the cutoff parameter M{sub S} will extend up to 8.5 and 7.6 TeV for their discovery and identification, respectively. For the Randall-Sundrum model with a warped extra dimension, the LHC experiments will be sensitive to the graviton resonance with mass up to 4.4 and 3.1 TeV for its discovery and identification, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Heavy quarkonia production at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and future electron-ion colliding facilities using basis light-front quantization wave functions

We study here exclusive charmonium and bottomonium production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions and electron-ion collisions within the dipole picture. We employ heavy quarkonium light-front wave functions obtained within the basis light-front quantization framework, which has some features of the light-front holographic QCD. We focus on comparison with measurements of exclusive charmonium and bottomonium production in ultraperipheral pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and find reasonable agreement with the cross sections. We also discuss the coherent production cross-section ratios of excited states to the ground state for charmonium and bottomonium, which exhibit insensitivity to the dipole model parameters. We demonstrate that electron-ion collisions provide an opportunity for a quantitative study of heavy quarkonium structure.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of crab cavity high order modes on the coupled-bunch stability of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

High frequency High Order Modes can significantly affect the coupled-bunch stability in a circular accelerator. With a large enough shunt impedance they may drive a coupled-bunch transverse instability. We have developed an analytical model and implemented it in the NHT Vlasov solver. The results show that the instability is characterized by the excitation of many azimuthal intra-bunch modes, which have similar growth rates, that make the traditional remedies such as a flat resistive feedback and chromaticity inefficient in suppressing it. For the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider this could result in a significant increase of the stabilizing Landau octupole current, up to $\sim 100$ A ($\sim 20\%$ of the maximum available current). In order to limit the increase below 10 A ($\sim 2\%$), the transverse shunt impedance has to be kept below 1 M$\Omega$/m.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tau (or no) leptons in top quark decays at hadron colliders

Measurements in the final states with taus or with no-leptons are among the most challenging as they are those with the smallest signal-to-background ratio. However, these final states are of particular interest as they can be important probes of new physics. Tau identification techniques and cross section measurements in top quark decays in these final states are discussed. The results, limited by systematical uncertainties, are consistent with standard model predictions, and are used to setstringent limits on new physics searches. The large data samples available at the Fermilab and at the Large Hadron Collider may help further improving the measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhancing the hunt for new phenomena in dijet final states using anomaly detection filters at the high-luminosity large Hadron Collider

In the realm of dijet searches in high-energy physics, a significant challenge has emerged: with experiments producing more and more data, the traditional methods of using analytic functions to describe dijet mass spectra start to fail. Here, to address this, we suggest the application of an anomaly detection approach to eliminate less interesting background events based on event final states. This method not only bypasses the limitations of conventional background models but also significantly enhances our ability to detect potential signals of new physics. Through simulations that mimic the conditions of the upcoming high-luminosity large Hadron collider, we demonstrate the strength and efficiency of this approach in dealing with large data volumes. The integration of unsupervised machine learning into our experimental framework paves the way for a promising avenue to unveil hidden physics discoveries within the overwhelming influx of data.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

General mass variable flavor number scheme for 𝑍 boson production in association with a heavy quark at hadron colliders

We present a methodology to streamline implementation of massive-quark radiative contributions in calculations with a variable number of active partons in proton-proton collisions. The methodology introduces subtraction and residual heavy-quark parton distribution functions (PDFs) to implement calculations in the Aivazis–Collins–Olness–Tung (ACOT) factorization scheme and its simplified realization in various processes up to the next-to-the-next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling strength. Interpolation tables for bottom-quark subtraction and residual distributions for CT18 NLO and NNLO PDF ensembles are provided in the common LHAPDF6 format. A numerical calculation of 𝑍-boson production with at least one 𝑏 jet at the Large Hadron Collider beyond the lowest order in QCD is considered for illustration purposes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hadron collider potential for excited bosons search

The e {sup +} e {sup −} and μ{sup +}μ{sup −} dilepton final states are the most clear channels for a new heavy neutral resonance search. Their advantage is that usually in the region of expected heavy-mass resonance peak the main irreducible background, from the Standard Model Drell-Yan process, contributes two orders of magnitude smaller than the signal. In this paper we consider the future prospects for search for the excited neutral Z*-bosons. The bosons can be observed as a Breit-Wigner resonance peak in the dilepton invariant mass distributions in the same way as the well-known extra gauge Z′ bosons. However, the Z* bosons have unique signatures in transverse momentum, angular and pseudorapidity distributions of the final leptons, which allow to distinguish them from the other heavy neutral resonances. At present only the ATLAS Collaboration has looked for such new excitations at the Large Hadron Collider and has published its results for 7 TeV collision energy. After successful comparison of our evaluation with these official results we present our estimations for the discovery potential and the exclusion limits on the Z*-boson search in pp collisions at higher centre-of-mass energies and different luminosities. In particular, LHC Run 2 can discover Z*-boson with its mass up to 5.3 TeV, while the High Luminosity LHC can extend that reach to 6.2 TeV. The High Energy LHC (with collision energy of 33 TeV) will be able to probe two times heavier resonance masses at the same integrated luminosities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-Field Magnets for Future Hadron Colliders

Recent strategy updates by the international particle physics community have confirmed strong interest in a next-generation energy frontier collider after completion of the High-Luminosity LHC program and construction of a e + e - Higgs factory. Both hadron and muon colliders provide a path toward the highest energies, and both require significant and sustained development to achieve technical readiness and optimize the design. For hadron colliders, the energy reach is determined by machine circumference and the strength of the guiding magnetic field. To achieve a collision energy of 100 TeV while limiting the circumference to 100 km, a dipole field of 16 T is required and is within the reach of niobium–tin magnets operating at 1.9 K. Magnets based on high-temperature superconductors may enable a range of alternatives, including a more compact footprint, a reduction of the cooling power, or a further increase of the collision energy to 150 TeV. The feasibility and cost of the magnet system will determine the possible options and optimal configurations. In this article, I review the historical milestones and recent progress in superconducting materials, design concepts, magnet fabrication, and test results and emphasize current developments that have the potential to address the most significant challenges and shape future directions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electron cloud thresholds at the arcs of the Electron-Ion Collider hadron storage ring

The Electron-Ion Collider is designed to provide high-luminosity collisions. For the highest lu minosity scenario, the hadron storage ring will host a 275 GeV beam consisting of 1160 bunches with 6.9e10 protons per bunch. Previous work has found that some sections of the hadron storage ring will experience electron cloud buildup if their vacuum chamber does not show a sufficiently low secondary electron emission value. This technical note reviews the electron cloud growth thresholds for the updated screen profile and lattice.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Conceptual design of hollow electron lenses for beam halo control in the Large Hadron Collider

Collimation with hollow electron beams is a technique for halo control in high-power hadron beams. It is based on an electron beam (possibly pulsed or modulated in intensity) guided by strong axial magnetic fields which overlaps with the circulating beam in a short section of the ring. The concept was tested experimentally at the Fermilab Tevatron collider using a hollow electron gun installed in one of the Tevatron electron lenses. We are proposing a conceptual design for applying this technique to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. A prototype hollow electron gun for the LHC was built and tested. The expected performance of the hollow electron beam collimator was based on Tevatron experiments and on numerical tracking simulations. Halo removal rates and enhancements of halo diffusivity were estimated as a function of beam and lattice parameters. Proton beam core lifetimes and emittance growth rates were checked to ensure that undesired effects were suppressed. Hardware specifications were based on the Tevatron devices and on preliminary engineering integration studies in the LHC machine. Required resources and a possible timeline were also outlined, together with a brief discussion of alternative halo-removal schemes and of other possible uses of electron lenses to improve the performance of the LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Eddy current studies for the beam screen of the Electron-Ion Collider hadron storage ring superconducting magnets

A copper-clad stainless steel beam screen will be installed in each of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) superconducting (SC) magnets used for making the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). Eddy currents are induced within conductors to oppose a changing magnetic flux. Eddy currents will appear on the EIC HSR beam screens during ramp up and ramp down, after a magnet quenches and when reversing the polarity of the γ transition jump quadrupoles during γ transition crossing. This study evaluates the magnitude of the eddy currents, the temperature increase due to Joule heating and the stress at the beam screens from the eddy-current induced force.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗