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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Predictive guidance flight

The various technologies presented herein relate to utilizing predictive guidance during one or more phases of a trajectory flown by an interceptor during interception with a target. The trajectory of the interceptor comprises an initial phase, a predictive phase, and a final phase. The initial phase includes the launching of the interceptor and can be unguided. The predictive phase directs the interceptor towards the target, wherein the predictive phase utilizes predictive guidance to control the trajectory of the interceptor based upon a predicted location of the target relative to the current locations of the target and the interceptor. During the predictive phase, a motor(s) can be cycled on and off, causing a period(s) where the interceptor is being propelled by the ignited motor, and a period(s) where the interceptor is propelled by its own momentum after cessation of power from the motor, e.g., unpowered flight.

Spooner, Jeffrey T.↗
DOE OSTI2019

IAEA Guidance on Managing the Interface between Safety and Security for Normal Commercial Shipments of Radioactive Material

Regulations governing the safe transport of radioactive material have been developed and maintained at the international and national levels for more than six decades. Following the events of 9/11, a similar effort was initiated for security during the transport of radioactive material; however, safety and security provisions have generally been developed independent of each other. The responsibility for nuclear security within a State rests entirely with the State but as part of an international effort to address the provisions that complement or conflict with each other in the interface between safety and security during transport, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) convened a series of consultancy meetings beginning in October 2016, to (a) identify the needs and develop a plan to address those needs for the transport of low-activity radioactive material (defined for the purposes of this effort as “Normal Commercial Shipments”) with respect to the interface between transport safety and transport security, (b) develop guidance on the interface between transport safety and transport security, and (c) development of a model workshop that will inform IAEA Member States of the interface between transport safety and security. Specifically, the materials addressed in the IAEA Technical Report Series, TRS No. 1001 (in preparation), are those that are limited to low activity radioactive material (including nuclear materials) with activities below 3000 A2 – as defined in the IAEA transport safety regulations – or activities below 10 D – as defined in the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources – depending on the radionuclide(s) involved. Emphasis was placed in the Technical Report on these materials since, worldwide, little effort has focused on security for their transport and such guidance could prove beneficial to regulators and operators in many developing countries. An IAEA Technical Report has been drafted and is currently undergoing final steps for publication. The Technical Report will address the issues identified during the consultancy meetings, with a focus on the needs and methods for clarifying safety–security interfaces. This paper will introduce the structure and contents of the Technical Report and provide an update on its progress toward publication. A separate PATRAM 2019 paper will outline the workshop materials developed to date.

Ladsous, David↗
DOE OSTI2020

Desktop Audits: Overview, Case Studies, Guidance

The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires that federal agencies audit 25% of their 3.1 billion square feet of covered facilities each year. Several newer, advanced options such as monitoring-based commissioning, fault detection and diagnostics, and energy management systems can help support data collection and analysis to be used for EISA compliance. The Federal Energy Management Program's (FEMP’s) Audit Decision Tree, Audit Definitions, and FEMP Guidance can be used by Agencies to determine the best approaches to evaluate their facilities. FEMP continues to develop additional resources to support agencies in meeting EISA compliance. This presentation gives an overview of desktop audits, including case studies and guidance.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of Risk Mitigation Guidance for Hydrogen Sensor Placement Indoors and Outdoors

Guidance on Sensor Placement remains one of the top priorities for the safe deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell equipment in the commercial marketplace. Building on the success of Phase 1 work reported at ICHS2019 and published in IJHE, this paper discusses the consecutive steps to further develop and validate such guidance for mechanically ventilated enclosures. The key step included a more in-depth analysis of sensitivity to variation of physical parameters in a small enclosure, and finally, expansion of the developed approach to confined spaces in an outdoor environment.

codes and standards↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electric Vehicle Charging Analytics and Reporting Tool (EV-ChART): Data Format and Preparation Guidance, Version 2.0

The Joint Office of Energy and Transportation maintains the Electric Vehicle Charging Analytics and Reporting Tool (EV-ChART), which provides a centralized hub for submitting electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure data directed by the Federal Highway Administration (23 CFR 680.112) EV-ChART will provide a streamlined data submission process and an integrated set of analytic tools, connect to other data sources, and empower data sharing and access across stakeholders, including the public. Any data shared publicly will be aggregated and anonymized to stay in accordance with 23 CFR 680. This EV-ChART Data Format and Preparation Guidance provides a comprehensive overview of the data reporting requirements as authorized under 23 CFR 680.112. The guidance is intended to be used alongside the EV-ChART Data Input Template, which defines the tabular data structure that these data submissions must follow.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,MATHEMATICS AND COMPUT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Licensing, Regulations and Developing Guidance for Nuclear Technology Deployment for Embarking countries in Africa

The African region is witnessing an increased number of countries at different stages of implementing or considering the introduction of peaceful nuclear power programs to meet the demand of their rapidly growing economies as well as clean energy needs. Grid size, cost, licensing, and regulations will be some of the challenges to deploying larger power reactors. A key element of the regulatory framework will be the inclusion of nuclear security information and assurance that security is integrated into the license review process.As each country continue to implement and consider different reactor designs from several vendors, the significance of customer knowledge of licensing, Regulations, and guidance document to facilitate the deployment and operational needs for nuclear technology cannot be over-emphasized. This special session will bring together a selected panel of key stakeholders and policymakers from embarking countries in Africa to participate in a panel discussion to share their experience in the licensing, regulations, and development of guidance for power plant deployment. The session will also consider and identify potential gaps that may affect the licensing and regulatory applications for the future nuclear infrastructure. As well, the panel will promote regional networking and communication to increase capacities in readiness for the potential deployment of additional technology, such as Small Modular Reactors.

Dahunsi, Stephen↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cyber-Informed Engineering Guidance—Implementing CIE in Early Systems Engineering Lifecycle Stages

Traditionally, cybersecurity is not considered in the design process. Design engineers typically focus on building safety and reliability into their products and applications. Security against malicious cyber incidents is often an afterthought, resulting in deployment of security solutions during installation or operation. Unfortunately, waiting to consider cybersecurity until later in the systems engineering lifecycle often results in less effective and more expense security. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) developed the concept of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) in 2015 to provide a framework that enables cybersecurity to be built into systems beginning at the conceptual design stage. In addition to ongoing research by INL, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response has recently developed a National CIE Strategy document for incorporating CIE into the design and operation of infrastructure systems reliant on digital monitoring or controls. This paper provides a brief review of this National CIE Strategy as well as a roadmap to historical, current, and future CIE research by INL through the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) Cybersecurity Crosscutting Technology Development Program. A near-term focus of the DOE-NE’s research and development is to extend the foundational CIE work into detailed guidance for implementation during initial systems engineering stages in nuclear digital instrumentation and control projects and to demonstrate use of the guidance in an integrated energy systems project.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Application of MARSSIM and MARSAME Guidance to Footprint Reduction Projects at a DOE Site (LA-UR-15-28730) - 16216

Department of Energy regulations require that potentially contaminated items and materials being released to the public are monitored and that any residual radioactive contamination does not contribute more than 10 μSv/y (1 mrem/y). In footprint reduction and demolition projects, buildings with potential residual contamination must be carefully and systematically surveyed prior to recycling materials or releasing debris for burial in commercial landfills. Multi-agency guidance is available to assure statistically representative sampling of the items and materials, appropriate measurement quality objectives, and valid statistical approaches for release decisions. Additionally, implementing a cost-effective evaluation program for releases requires working closely with regulators and waste generators and developing a technically sound process to account for naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in building materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory has successfully implemented the available guidance for footprint reduction projects to help divert clean, recyclable materials from landfills and limit the possibility of mistakenly disposing of NORM as low level waste. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

Application of New CERCLA Five-Year Review Guidance at Hanford - 16403

Under CERCLA, the implementation of remedial actions established in records of decision (ROD) are required to be reviewed every five years to evaluate their effectiveness in protecting human health and the environment. Past reviews have included evaluation of actions that were not implemented under existing RODs and, therefore, not subject to the requirement. While commendable for its transparency, discussing these out-of-scope actions created confusion and elicited comments that required time and effort to resolve. The fourth CERCLA Five Year Review (FYR) at the Hanford Site embraces the EPA guidance designed to streamline the process and focuses on the specific objectives of the review. This guidance and the training materials developed jointly by multiple federal agencies including EPA, DOE, DOD, and Department of the Interior (DOI), demonstrate a focused approach to the FYR process and offer real-world examples for streamlining this important document. This paper discusses the focused approach and process changes implemented at the Hanford Site that reduced the size and complexity of the document and provided the DOE, Richland Operations Office, with an efficient, effective template for preparing subsequent reviews. One key change was a thorough evaluation of what operable units were discussed and what operable units were not discussed in the five-year review. This process resulted in a reduction of 14 operable unit discussions. Additionally, extensive referencing of previously published CERCLA documents including closure reports and periodic groundwater monitoring reports minimized the amount of analytical data tables necessary to support the discussion. The Hanford five year review made good use of technology and provided internet links to existing documents where detailed information and voluminous analytical data reside. This eliminated the use of extensive data tables and summaries. The resulting five protectiveness determinations include: 1) 'Protective' which is used when there is sufficient data to conclude that the remedy is functioning as intended; 2) 'Protective in the short term' which is used when the data and/or documentation review raises issues that could affect future protectiveness; 3) 'Will be protective' which is used when the remedy under construction is anticipated to be protective on completion; 4) 'Protectiveness deferred' which is typically used when additional information is needed; and 5) 'Not protective' which is used when risks are not under control. Reviewing only on the appropriate operable units, and supporting the analysis of remedy performance with focused data, the resulting protectiveness determinations and overall effectiveness of the document were significantly improved. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quantitative Analysis Guidance in Safety Software Validation

Quantitative analysis in software development has been a challenging topic over the years in safety software. While qualitative processes for vigorous safety software verification and validation (V and V) have been provided through standard such as IEEE 1012, quantitative analysis for V and V tasks such as correctness, completeness or accuracy evaluation have not been formally defined. In practice, there are quantitative analyses in terms of using software metrics. Many of these software metrics are useful in analyzing the test results. Some of them are used for providing guidance in code evaluation activities e.g. numbers of line of codes not exceeding certain limits, recursive calls are not allowed, etc. However, few can be used for providing quantitative analysis guidance for the V and V tasks such as completeness evaluation. AREVA Federal Services (AFS) has provided services for many nuclear projects in US. Through compliance with IEEE 1012, AFS V and V processes have provided vigorous qualitative processes ensuring quality level of the software products used in the project meeting the required nuclear software level. In addition, quantitative analysis is developed to provide structured validation framework ensuring 'zero defect' in the software products. This paper describes some aspects of the quantitative approaches using a sample safety application. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

MHK Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Guidance and Techno-Economic Analysis Materials

Useful information and tools for calculating the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and MHK Cost Breakdown Structure. Includes a structure for calculating the capital expenditures and operating costs of a marine energy technology or device, reference resource data for both wave and tidal, and LCOE reporting guidance. These tools are meant to be used to help calculate the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for an MHK or MRE technology or device.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2026

RC-SFA Data Management Templates and Guidance for Standardized, Reusable AI-Ready Data Packages

This data package provides templates and supporting documentation developed by the River Corridor Science Focus Area (RC-SFA; https://www.pnnl.gov/projects/river-corridor) to communicate its approach to managing and publishing AI-ready data. The package is intended to help data users and data producers understand the structures, metadata practices, and quality-control approaches that support consistent, reusable, and machine-actionable data products across RC-SFA studies. Rather than focusing on a single experimental dataset, this package documents the data management framework used to make RC-SFA data easier to find, ingest, navigate, and interpret. The materials in this package reflect RC-SFA practices for standardized data package organization, including the use of a human- and machine-readable README, file-level metadata, data dictionaries, descriptive file naming, method identifiers, and automated and review-based quality assurance procedures. Together, these components illustrate how RC-SFA extends FAIR data principles toward AI-readiness by prioritizing deep metadata, consistency across data packages, and support for informed downstream reuse by both humans and computational tools. This dataset is comprised of (1) readme; (2) presentation slides with an overview of RC-SFA approach and guidance; (3) document of RC-SFA best practices; (4) data dictionary (dd); (5) file level metadata (flmd); and a subfolder containing templates for dd and flmd. All files are .csv and .pdf. For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About.

AI-readiness↗
DOE OSTI2017

Guidance for Federal Agencies on Executive Order 13693 - Federal Fleet Management

Document contains guidance on the federal fleet requirements of Executive Order 13693: Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade and helps federal agencies subject to the executive order develop an overall approach for reducing total fleet greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fleet-wide per-mile GHG emissions.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Examination of an Electrified Bar Rack Fish Guidance Device for Hydropower Turbines

The potential of hydropower turbines to cause injury or mortality to fish is a concern. To reduce this risk, engineers have begun to develop a conically arranged, cantilevered electrified bar rack (Center Sender). This device is proposed to be mounted within the intake of a turbine, guiding downstream-passing fish towards the center of the turbine where blade velocities are lower and blades are thicker, likely reducing the potential for fish to be injured. A simplified version was installed in a flume for testing with Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) while examining several parameters such as electrification, bar spacing, bar angle, and water velocity. The most effective settings were observed to be a water velocity of 1.0 m s -1 with all bars installed at an angle of 40° with electrification on. Other combinations were still effective but had varying results. A minimal proportion (2.3%) of fish passed at lower velocities with bars electrified and mounted at 20°, suggesting that while it functions well as a guidance device in high-velocity conditions, it performs better as a barrier at lower velocities. The study suggests that the Center Sender has promising potential for reducing the harmful effects of hydropower turbines on fish populations by guiding them away from stressors. Further research is needed, but current results encourage its potential use in hydropower operations.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Comprehensive Performance Calibration Guidance for Perovskites and Other Emerging Solar Cells

Emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies (e.g., organic, perovskite, and solution processed quantum dot) have attracted remarkable attention with the rapid growth of their efficiencies, and their transition toward commercialization. Accurate and reliable efficiency measurements of these PV technologies are crucial, yet much more complicated than for conventional PV technologies due to the former's pronounced dynamic responses to changes in measurement conditions (e.g., current–voltage (I–V) scan rate and preconditioning) and their susceptibility to degradation. Adjustments to the measurement procedures are therefore necessary so that a reproducible “steady state” is reached during measurement. Furthermore, given the small size of many emerging cells, inappropriate device area definition and solar simulator setup can lead to measurement errors. Here, comprehensive efficiency calibration guidance is offered for emerging solar cells, including area measurement; spectral irradiance translation to standard test conditions; and steady-state electrical performance. The necessity of reporting steady-state efficiency is justified with a statistical performance comparison between conventional and steady-state I–V scans over hundreds of cells the group has received globally for efficiency certifications. The procedures described here do not require specialized measurement instrumentation; what matters most are changes to the measurement protocols. These described changes aim to enable better comparisons between reported efficiencies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quantitative guidance for efficient vertical flow measurements at the sediment–water interface using temperature–depth profiles

Upward discharge to surface water bodies can be quantified using analytical models based on temperature–depth (T-z) profiles. The use of sediment T-z profiles is attractive as discharge estimates can be obtained using point-in-time data that are collected inexpensively and rapidly. Previous studies have identified that T-z methods can only be applied at times of the year when there is significant difference between the streambed–water interface and deeper sediment temperatures (e.g., winter and summer). However, surface water temperatures also vary diurnally, and the influence of these variations on discharge estimates from T-z methods is poorly understood. For this study, synthetic T-z profiles were generated numerically using measured streambed interface temperature data to assess the influence of diurnal temperature variations on discharge estimation and provide insight into the suitable application of T-z methods. Results show that the time of day of data collection can have a substantial influence on vertical flux estimates using T-z methods. For low groundwater discharge fluxes (e.g., 0.1 m d -1 ), daily transience in streambed temperatures led to relatively large errors in estimated flow magnitude and direction. For higher discharge fluxes (1.5 m d -1 ), the influence of transient streambed temperatures on discharge estimates was strongly reduced. Discharge estimates from point-in-time T-z profiles were most accurate when the uppermost point in the T-z profile was near the bed interface daily mean (two time periods daily). Where temperature time series data are available, daily averaged T-z profiles can produce accurate discharge estimates across a wide range of discharge rates. Seasonality in shallow groundwater temperature generally had a negligible influence on vertical flow estimates. Finally, these findings can be used to plan field campaigns and provide guidance on the optimal application of T-z methods to quantify vertical groundwater discharge to surface water bodies.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗