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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

Maintaining Atmospheric Mass and Water Balance Within Reanalysis

This report describes the modifications implemented into the Goddard Earth Observing System Version-5 (GEOS-5) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS) to maintain global conservation of dry atmospheric mass as well as to preserve the model balance of globally integrated precipitation and surface evaporation during reanalysis. Section 1 begins with a review of these global quantities from four current reanalysis efforts. Section 2 introduces the modifications necessary to preserve these constraints within the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis procedure, and the Incremental Analysis Update (IAU) algorithm. Section 3 presents experiments quantifying the impact of the new procedure. Section 4 shows preliminary results from its use within the GMAO MERRA-2 Reanalysis project. Section 5 concludes with a summary.

IAU↗
DOE OSTI2014

Selected spectroscopic results on element 115 decay chains

We observed thirty correlated α-decay chains in an experiment studying the fusion-evaporation reaction 48 Ca + 243 Am at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung. The decay characteristics of the majority of these 30 chains are consistent with previous observations and interpretations of such chains to originate from isotopes of element Z = 115. High-resolution α-photon coincidence spectroscopy in conjunction with comprehensive Monte-Carlo simulations allow to propose excitation schemes of atomic nuclei of the heaviest elements, thereby probing nuclear structure models near the 'Island of Stability' with unprecedented experimental precision.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2013

The role of spin–rotation coupling in the non-exponential decay of hydrogen-like heavy ions

Recent experiments carried out at the storage ring of GSI in Darmstadt reveal an unexpected oscillation in the orbital electron capture and subsequent decay of hydrogen-like {sup 140}Pr{sup 58+}, {sup 142}Pm{sup 60+} and {sup 122}I{sup 52+}. The modulations have periods of 7.069(8) s, 7.10(22) s and 6.1 s respectively in the laboratory frame and are superimposed on the expected exponential decays. In this paper we propose a semiclassical model in which the observed modulations arise from the coupling of rotation to the spins of electron and nucleus. We show that the modulations are connected to quantum beats and to the effect of the Thomas precession on the spins of bound electron and nucleus, the magnetic moment precessions of electron and nucleus and their cyclotron frequencies. We also show that the spin–spin coupling of electron and nucleus, though dominant relative to the magnetic moment coupling of electron and nucleus with the storage ring magnetic field, does not contribute to the modulation because these terms average out during the time of flight of the ions, or cancel out. The model also predicts that the anomaly cannot be observed if the motion of the ions is rectilinear, or if the ions are stopped in a target (decay of neutral atoms in solid environments). It also supports the notion that no modulation occurs for the β{sup +}-decay branch. -- Highlights: ► Spin precession of the spin of nucleus and electron in storage ring. ► Coupling of rotation to the spin of electron and nucleus. ► Modulation in the decay probability of the heavy ions induced by quantum beats. ► Comparison with experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Temporal Lobe Reactions After Radiotherapy With Carbon Ions: Incidence and Estimation of the Relative Biological Effectiveness by the Local Effect Model

Purpose: To identify predictors for the development of temporal lobe reactions (TLR) after carbon ion radiation therapy (RT) for radiation-resistant tumors in the central nervous system and to evaluate the predictions of the local effect model (LEM) used for calculation of the biologically effective dose. Methods and Materials: This retrospective study reports the TLR rates in patients with skull base chordomas and chondrosarcomas irradiated with carbon ions at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, in the years 2002 and 2003. Calculation of the relative biological effectiveness and dose optimization of treatment plans were performed on the basis of the LEM. Clinical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after RT and annually thereafter. Local contrast medium enhancement in temporal lobes, as detected on MRI, was regarded as radiation-induced TLR. Dose-volume histograms of 118 temporal lobes in 59 patients were analyzed, and 16 therapy-associated and 2 patient-associated factors were statistically evaluated for their predictive value for the occurrence of TLR. Results: Median follow-up was 2.5 years (range, 0.3--6.6 years). Age and maximum dose applied to at least 1 cm{sup 3} of the temporal lobe (D{sub max,V-1cm}3, maximum dose in the remaining temporal lobe volume, excluding the volume 1 cm{sup 3} with the highest dose) were found to be the most important predictors for TLR. Dose response curves of D{sub max,V-1cm}3 were calculated. The biologically equivalent tolerance doses for the 5% and 50% probabilities to develop TLR were 68.8 {+-} 3.3 Gy equivalents (GyE) and 87.3 {+-} 2.8 GyE, respectively. Conclusions: D{sub max,V-1cm}3 is predictive for radiation-induced TLR. The tolerance doses obtained seem to be consistent with published data for highly conformal photon and proton irradiations. We could not detect any clinically relevant deviations between clinical findings and expectations based on predictions of the LEM.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Temporal Lobe Reactions After Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy: Comparison of Relative Biological Effectiveness–Weighted Tolerance Doses Predicted by Local Effect Models I and IV

Purpose: To compare the relative biological effectiveness (RBE)–weighted tolerance doses for temporal lobe reactions after carbon ion radiation therapy using 2 different versions of the local effect model (LEM I vs LEM IV) for the same patient collective under identical conditions. Methods and Materials: In a previous study, 59 patients were investigated, of whom 10 experienced temporal lobe reactions (TLR) after carbon ion radiation therapy for low-grade skull-base chordoma and chondrosarcoma at Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 2002 and 2003. TLR were detected as visible contrast enhancements on T1-weighted MRI images within a median follow-up time of 2.5 years. Although the derived RBE-weighted temporal lobe doses were based on the clinically applied LEM I, we have now recalculated the RBE-weighted dose distributions using LEM IV and derived dose-response curves with Dmax,V-1 cm³ (the RBE-weighted maximum dose in the remaining temporal lobe volume, excluding the volume of 1 cm³ with the highest dose) as an independent dosimetric variable. The resulting RBE-weighted tolerance doses were compared with those of the previous study to assess the clinical impact of LEM IV relative to LEM I. Results: The dose-response curve of LEM IV is shifted toward higher values compared to that of LEM I. The RBE-weighted tolerance dose for a 5% complication probability (TD{sub 5}) increases from 68.8 ± 3.3 to 78.3 ± 4.3 Gy (RBE) for LEM IV as compared to LEM I. Conclusions: LEM IV predicts a clinically significant increase of the RBE-weighted tolerance doses for the temporal lobe as compared to the currently applied LEM I. The limited available photon data do not allow a final conclusion as to whether RBE predictions of LEM I or LEM IV better fit better clinical experience in photon therapy. The decision about a future clinical application of LEM IV therefore requires additional analysis of temporal lobe reactions in a comparable photon-treated collective using the same dosimetric variable as in the present study.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=245

Available information pertaining to the nuclear structure of ground and excited states for all known nuclei with mass numbers A=245 have been compiled and evaluated. In this work, the adopted level and decay schemes, as well as the detailed nuclear properties and configuration assignments based on experimental data, are presented for these nuclides. When there are insufficient data, expected values from systematics of nuclear properties and/or theoretical calculations are utilized. Unexpected or discrepant experimental results are also noted. Since the last evaluation, new rotational bands in 245 Pu have been observed to high spin from transfer reaction 244 Pu( 209 Bi, 208 Biγ) by 2014Ho16. While in 245 Am, the 249 Bk α decay measurements by 2013Ah03 added a new rotational band based on π3/2[521] configuration. The 245 Pu β - decay scheme is basically what was proposed in the late 60's and 47 γ rays have still not been placed. In 245 Cm, precise alpha energies and intensities were measured by 2015Ah03 in 249Cf α decay. Their reported alpha energies of the main α group were about 2 keV lower than in the previous evaluation. The spin and parity of the g.s. of 245 Es is still ambiguous as more detailed information on the decay is needed. With the production of 249 No via fusion evaporation reaction by groups in Dubna and GSI, it's alpha decay was studied and some properties of the daughter 245 Fm were published and included in this evalaution. Information on the other nuclides is scarce and not much has been investigated since the last evaluation. A summary and compilation of the discovery of the various nuclides in this mass region is given in: 2013Fr02 ( 245 Pu, 245 Am, 245 Cm, 245 Bk, 245 Cf), 2011Me01 ( 245 Es), and 2013Th02 ( 245 Md, 245 Fm).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Performance of a gamma-ray tracking array: Characterizing the AGATA array using a 60 Co source

The AGATA (Advanced GAmma Tracking Array) tracking detector is being designed to far surpass the performance of the previous generation, Compton-suppressed arrays. In this paper, a characterization of AGATA is provided based on data from the second GSI campaign. Emphasis is placed on the proper corrections required to extract the absolute photopeak efficiency and peak-to-total ratio. The performance after tracking is extracted and GEANT4 simulations are used both to understand the results and to scale the measurements up to predicted values for the full 4 implementation of the device.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Rapid extraction of short-lived isotopes from a buffer gas cell for use in gas-phase chemistry experiments, Part II: On-line studies with short-lived accelerator-produced radionuclides

We report a novel combination of advanced gas-chromatography and detection systems coupled to a buffer-gas cell was characterized on-line to allow gas-phase chemical studies of accelerator-produced short-lived α -decaying mercury, francium, and astatine isotopes. These were produced in 40 Ar- and 48 Ca-induced nuclear fusion–evaporation reactions, subsequently isolated in the recoil separators MARS at Texas A&M University, USA, and TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, before being thermalized in a buffer-gas-stopping cell. From the latter, the nuclear reaction products were extracted into gas-phase chromatographic systems, suitable for registering α-decaying short-lived radionuclides, such as isotopes of superheavy elements. Efficiencies of 21(3)% for 204-209 Fr were reached for the extraction into the optimized miniCOMPACT gas-chromatography setup, indicating that this technique enables the identification of isotopes of volatile as well as non-volatile elements. These studies guide the path towards chemical investigations of superheavy elements beyond flerovium, which are out of reach with currently used setups.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Resonances in QCD

We report on the EMMI Rapid Reaction Task Force meeting 'Resonances in QCD', which took place at GSI October 12-14, 2015 (Fig.~1). A group of 26 people met to discuss the physics of resonances in QCD. The aim of the meeting was defined by the following three key questions; what is needed to understand the physics of resonances in QCD?; where does QCD lead us to expect resonances with exotic quantum numbers?; and what experimental efforts are required to arrive at a coherent picture? For light mesons and baryons only those with up, down and strange quark content were considered. For heavy-light and heavy-heavy meson systems, those with charm quarks were the focus.This document summarizes the discussions by the participants, which in turn led to the coherent conclusions we present here.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Recoil-α-fission and recoil-α–α-fission events observed in the reaction 48 Ca + 243 Am

Here, products of the fusion-evaporation reaction 48 Ca+ 243 Am were studied at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. Amongst the detected thirty correlated α-decay chains associated with the production of element Z=115, two recoil-α-fission and five recoil-α–α-fission events were observed. The latter five chains are similar to four such events reported from experiments performed at the Dubna gas-filled separator, and three such events reported from an experiment at the Berkeley gas-filled separator. The four chains observed at the Dubna gas-filled separator were assigned to start from the 2 n -evaporation channel 289 115 due to the fact that these recoil-α–α-fission events were observed only at low excitation energies. Contrary to this interpretation, we suggest that some of these recoil-α–α-fission decay chains, as well as some of the recoil-α–α-fission and recoil-α-fission decay chains reported from Berkeley and in this article, start from the 3 n -evaporation channel 288 115.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z ≥ 92 in multinucleon transfer reactions

In deep inelastic multinucleon transfer reactions of 48 Ca + 248 Cm we observed about 100 residual nuclei with proton numbers between Z =82 and Z =100. Among them, there are five new neutron-deficient isotopes: 216 U, 219 Np, 223 Am, 229 Am and 233 Bk. As separator for the transfer products we used the velocity filter SHIP of GSI while the isotope identification was performed via the α decay chains of the nuclei. Finally, these first results reveal that multinucleon transfer reactions together with here applied fast and sensitive separation and detection techniques are promising for the synthesis of new isotopes in the region of heaviest nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Unveiling the two-proton halo character of 17 Ne: Exclusive measurement of quasi-free proton-knockout reactions

The proton drip-line nucleus 17 Ne is investigated experimentally in order to determine its two-proton halo character. A fully exclusive measurement of the 17 Ne (p, 2p) 16 F* 15 O+p quasi-free one-proton knockout reaction has been performed at GSI at around 500 MeV/nucleon beam energy. All particles resulting from the scattering process have been detected. The relevant reconstructed quantities are the angles of the two protons scattered in quasi-elastic kinematics, the decay of 16 F into 15 O (including γ decays from excited states) and a proton, as well as the 15 O+p relative-energy spectrum and the 16 F momentum distributions. The latter two quantities allow an independent and consistent determination of the fractions of l = 0 and l = 2 motion of the valence protons in 17 Ne. With a resulting relatively small l = 0 component of only around 35(3)%, it is concluded that 17 Ne exhibits a rather modest halo character only. The quantitative agreement of the two values deduced from the energy spectrum and the momentum distributions supports the theoretical treatment of the calculation of momentum distributions after quasi-free knockout reactions at high energies by taking into account distortions based on the Glauber theory. Moreover, the experimental data allow the separation of valence-proton knockout and knockout from the 15O core. The latter process contributes with 11.8(3.1) mb around 40% to the total proton-knockout cross section of 30.3(2.3) mb, which explains previously reported contradicting conclusions derived from inclusive cross sections.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Simulation of Continental Shallow Cumulus Populations Using an Observation-Constrained Cloud-System Resolving Model

Continental shallow cumulus (ShCu) clouds observed on 30 August 2016 during the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land-Ecosystems (HI-SCALE) field campaign are simulated by using an observation-constrained cloud-system resolving model. On this day, ShCu forms over Oklahoma and southern Kansas and some of these clouds transition to deeper, precipitating convection during the afternoon. We apply a four-dimensional ensemble-variational (4DEnVar) hybrid technique in the Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system to assimilate operational data sets and unique boundary layer measurements including a Raman lidar, radar wind profilers, radiosondes, and surface stations collected by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to ascertain how improved environmental conditions can influence forecasts of ShCu populations and the transition to deeper convection. Independent observations from aircraft, satellite, as well as ARM's remote sensors are used to evaluate model performance in different aspects. Several model experiments are conducted to identify the impact of data assimilation (DA) on the prediction of clouds evolution. The analyses indicate that ShCu populations are more accurately reproduced after DA in terms of cloud initiation time and cloud base height, which can be attributed to an improved representation of the ambient meteorological conditions and the convective boundary layer. Extending the assimilation to 18 UTC (local noon) also improved the simulation of shallow-to-deep transitions of convective clouds.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

Charmonium dissociation in matter: perspectives from CERN to JLab

The J/{Psi}-meson dissociation in nuclear matter remains one of the most surprising problems in physics. In 2000 the NA50 Collaboration at CERN reported anomalous results on J/{Psi} absorption that was considered as evidence of Quark-Gluon Plasma formation. On the other hand, there may be other mechanisms which produce an increase in J/{Psi} absorption in a hot dense medium due to the modification of the charm mesons. Our detailed calculations were one of the first indications that the CERN data can indeed be well explained by a mechanism different from QGP formation. For further clarification we proposed to study the modification of charm in nuclei through antiproton annihilation, which is now part of the PANDA project at FAIR GSI. The experiment on charmonium dissociation in nuclei is under discussion at JLab as part of its 12 GeV upgrade.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Partonic Transverse Momentum Distributions

In recent years parton distributions have been generalized to account also for transverse degrees of freedom and new sets of more general distributions, Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distributions and fragmentation functions were introduced. Different experiments worldwide (HERMES, COMPASS, CLAS, JLab-Hall A) have measurements of TMDs in semi-inclusive DIS processes as one of their main focuses of research. TMD studies are also an important part of the present and future Drell-Yan experiments at RICH and JPARC and GSI, respectively, Studies of TMDs are also one of the main driving forces of the Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV upgrade project. Progress in phenomenology and theory is flourishing as well. In this talk an overview of the latest developments in studies of TMDs will be given and newly released results, ongoing activities, as well as planned near term and future measurements will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Comparison of T{sub z} = {+-}1{yields}0 GT Transitions

Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions can be studied in both {beta}-decay and charge exchange(CE) reactions. If isospin is a good quantum number, then the T{sub z} = -1{yields}0 and T{sub z} = +1{yields}0 GT mirror transitions, are identical. Therefore, a comparison of the results from studies of {beta} decay and CE should shed light on this assumption. Accordingly we have studied the {beta} decay of the T{sub z=-1} fp-shell nuclei, {sup 54}Ni, {sup 50}Fe, {sup 46}Cr, and {sup 42}Ti, produced in fragmentation and we have compared our results with the spectra from ({sup 3}He, t) measurements on the mirror T{sub z} = +1 target nuclei studied in high resolution at RCNP, Osaka. The {beta}-decay experiments were performed as part of the STOPPED beam RISING campaign at GSI.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Light O{sup ++} Mesons: Scalargators in Florida

Light scalar mesons abound in hadron processes, like the alligators in the Florida Everglades. Moreover, scalars are intimately tied to the vacuum structure of QCD. They are the product of many decays. Consequently, a rich source of recent information about them has come from experiments producing heavy flavour mesons. Indeed, scalars will continue to dominate many of the processes to be studied at forthcoming facilities like BESIII in Beijing, FAIR at GSI Darmstadt and the GlueX experiment at JLab, making an understanding (or at least an excellent and theoretically consistent description) essential for the physics missions of these facilities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Studying Hadron Properties in Baryonic Matter with HADES

The HADES spectrometer installed at GSI Darmstadt is a second generation experiment to study production of lepton pairs from proton, pion and nucleus induced reactions at the SIS/BEVALAC energy regime. The HADES study of the light C+C system at 1 and 2 AGeV confirms former finding of the DLS collaboration. Further studies of the reaction p+p and d+p allowed to reveal contribution to the above mentioned data of di-leptons produced during first chance collision. Finally, the results of the study of heavier system Ar+KCl indicates possible nonlinear dependence of the observed excess over the known long lived sources of di-leptons on the number of participants.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗