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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Nanocellulose toward Advanced Energy Storage Devices: Structure and Electrochemistry

We report that cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and has long been used as a sustainable building block of conventional paper. Note that nanocellulose accounts for nearly 40% of wood’s weight and can be extracted using well-developed methods. Due to its appealing mechanical and electrochemical properties, including high specific modulus (~100 GPa/(g/cm 3 )), excellent stability in most solvents, and stability over a wide electrochemical window, nanocellulose has been widely used as a separator, electrolyte, binder, and substrate material for energy storage. Additionally, nanocellulose-derived carbon materials have also drawn increasing scientific interest in sustainable energy storage due to their low-cost and raw-material abundance, high conductivity, and rational electrochemical performance. The inexpensive and environmentally friendly nature of nanocellulose and its derivatives as well as simple fabrication techniques make nanocellulose-based energy storage devices promising candidates for the future of “green” and renewable electronics. For nanocellulose-based energy storage, structure engineering and design play a vital role in achieving desired electrochemical properties and performances. Thus, it is important to identify suitable structure and design engineering strategies and to better understand their relationship. In this Account, we review recent developments in nanocellulose-based energy storage. Due to the limited space, we will mainly focus on structure design and engineering strategies in macrofiber, paper, and three-dimensional (3D) structured electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and highlight progress made in our group. We first present the structure and properties of nanocellulose, with a particular discussion of nanocellulose from wood materials. We then go on to discuss studies on nanocellulose-based macrofiber, paper, and 3D wood- and other aerogel-based EES devices. Within this discussion, we highlight the use of natural nanocellulose as a flexible substrate for a macrofiber supercapacitor and an excellent electrolyte reservoir for a breathable textile lithium–oxygen battery. Paper batteries and supercapacitors using nanocellulose as a green dispersant, nanocellulose-based paper as a flexible substrate, and nanocellulose as separator and electrolyte are also examined. We highlight recent progress on wood-based batteries and supercapacitors, focusing on the advantages of wood materials for energy storage, the structure design and engineering strategies, and their microstructure and electrochemical properties. We discuss the influence of structure (particularly pores) on the electrochemical performance of the energy storage devices. By taking advantage of the straight, nature-made channels in wood materials, ultrathick, highly loaded, and low-tortuosity energy storage devices are demonstrated. Lastly, we offer concluding remarks on the challenges and directions of future research in the field of nanocellulose-based energy storage devices.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Initial Engineering and Design for CO 2 Capture from Ethanol Facilities

The Energy & Environmental Research Center, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and North Dakota ethanol producer Red Trail Energy, LLC (RTE) and with technical support from Trimeric Corporation and the KLJ engineering firm, completed an initial engineering design (IED) for a hybrid capture system to estimate associated costs for retrofitting the operational RTE ethanol plant. The project goal supports the DOE objective to achieve negative emissions using commercially available technologies to attain Technology Readiness Level 6+ from a facility emitting >100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) annually. The RTE CCS (carbon capture and storage) Project is currently operating a CO 2 capture facility, adjacent to the RTE ethanol facility in western North Dakota, and injecting the CO 2 more than a mile below RTE property for permanent storage. This novel hybrid capture system would process about 310,000 tonnes of CO 2 annually for the RTE host site and includes CO 2 capture and compression from bioprocessing as well as capturing CO 2 produced from natural gas boilers. The bioprocessing capture process, based on past RTE studies investigating ammonia liquefaction technology with CO 2 produced from natural gas boilers captured utilizing chemical absorption with amine, was shown to be technically feasible for the RTE site. Activities conducted to support the project goal included 1) designing a hybrid capture system using CO 2 emissions from both bioprocessing and heat production at the host site facility; 2) conducting a pre-front-end engineering and design analysis of the hybrid capture system to include environmental health and safety, a constructability report, identification of permits, and corporate approvals; and 3) performing a techno-economic assessment in accordance with DOE’s methodology, as demonstrated by the bituminous baseline study. In addition, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was completed for the RTE site to estimate the carbon life cycle for ethanol-CCS implementation using the designed hybrid capture system to determine potential for net-negative carbon emissions. Results of the IED showed the hybrid system to be technically viable, with a moderate estimated cost of $55/tonne CO 2 captured for the hybrid system. The cradle-to-gate LCA showed preliminary net-negative carbon emissions potential anticipated from implementing a hybrid CCS system at a commercial scale. Recommended next steps toward potential implementation include hybrid capture system demonstration testing for detailed engineering and LCA model comparisons with low-carbon fuel incentive programs for financial support.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2019

ADVANCING TURBULENT SPRAY AND COMBUSTION MODELS FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE SIMULATIONS

This thesis seeks to investigate the turbulent mixing influence on spray atomization and combustion processes encountered in compression ignition diesel engines. Despite greater thermal efficiency of diesel engine than spark ignition engine, the nature of stratified air-fuel mixture and non-premixed flame gives rise to unacceptable levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), thus the use of diesel engines has often been limited to heavy-duty vehicle and industrial power sources. However, recent advancement in diesel engine combustion strategies, e.g. low temperature combustion (LTC), has demonstrated promising pathways towards improvement in the engine-out pollutants. Therefore, particularly in the effort of computer-aided engine design tasks, such a new engine design concept requires more accurate modeling techniques applicable over a broader range of engine operating conditions than those of conventional engine strategies. In the notion of challenges in new engine operating conditions, this thesis aims to present successful implementation of improvement in numerical modeling techniques in high-pressure spray atomization and resulting turbulent spray flame of interest. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in in-cylinder turbulent combustion is considered an integral part of engine design progress, but rather a cost-prohibitive to apply over a broad range of engine relevant conditions. In spite of successful use of existing spray atomization modeling, prior researchers have pointed out some degree of failure in LTC targeted injection strategies. Furthermore, finite rate and strong nonlinearity of chemistry influenced by local turbulent mixing still remain in challenges to account for in cost-efficient CFD analysis. In this context, a new attempt of hybrid spray primary breakup modeling is presented and demonstrated in successful application aimed at LTC technique. In addition, the Representative Interactive Flamelets (RIF) model with aid of multi-flamelets approach is extensively assessed in terms of predictive capability against classical combustion model. The combustion model employed in this study are fully examined in the general diesel combustion metric, e.g., ignition delay and flame lift-off length as well as newly suggested test metric, combustion recession. The combustion recession has been recently idenfied, but still remain largely unknown. Since the governing physics of this phenomenon is characterized by turbulent mixing coupled with finite rate chemistry, this can be considered as a relevant test metric for turbulent combustion models. In addition, very recent experimental studies have introduced a new non-sooting diesel combustion technique by manipulating direct injection method. The ducted fuel injection (DFI) has thus been demonstrated with its potential of low soot emissions. Knowing that the duct equipped ahead of injector nozzle was identifed to enhance turbulent mixing, investigations of DFI combustion may prove the effectiveness of turbulece-chemistry interaction modeling. This thesis presents comprehensive understandings of aformentioned diesel combustion techniques in terms of several important physics keywords, e.g., turbulent mixing and detailed chemistry.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Rapid Design and Engineering of Smart and Secure Microbiological Systems (Final Report)

The design and application of successfully engineered biosystems requires an understanding of how engineered microbes will interact with other organisms – either as one-on-one competitors or in the context of microbial consortia. Engineering microorganisms from first principles for non-laboratory, environmental applications is inherently challenging because: (1) engineered systems tend to quickly revert back to their wild-type behaviors; and (2) these systems typically pay a price in reduced fitness, making them uncompetitive against invasive contaminating species (i.e., metabolic burden). For this project, we used a synthetic biology-based strategy to investigate the organization, control, stabilization, and destabilization of natural and engineered microbes. This approach enabled development of (1) single-strain systems capable of detecting and responding to target organisms in the environment; (2) a pipeline for refining and engineering biological constructs in new, non-model host organisms; and (3) improved systems for rapidly designing, engineering, and assaying new biological modules. This coupled approach to safeguard system design is predictable and portable across bacterial species and is focused on microbes that are part of the beneficial plant microbiome. A long-term goal beyond the proposed research is to enable the rational engineering of microbial communities based on first principles of biological design that mimic the smart performance of microorganisms observed in natural systems.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Digital risk analysis in nuclear engineering projects: Designing for safety, performance, reliability, and security

Cyber-informed engineering and security-by-design frameworks are important in promoting the need to identify cybersecurity concerns early in the systems engineering lifecycle so risks from adversarial cyber-attacks can be eliminated or reduced through engineering design practices. In addition to adversarial risk, risk in operational technology systems also includes non-adversarial and unintentional risk from other factors such as human performance errors, environmental conditions, design flaws, and device degradation or failure. This paper introduces a new concept for characterizing digital risk, both adversarial and non-adversarial, and provides the basis for initial research into a novel digital risk analysis approach focused on incorporating attack difficulty into a multi-attribute analysis technique using robust decision-making. This digital risk characterization is also used to frame a discussion on the challenges of competing objectives and competing stakeholder requirements in an integrated energy system project that incorporates a small modular reactor and industrial facility.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Comment: Spurious Correlation and Other Observations on Experimental Design for Engineering Dimensional Analysis

This article discusses the paper "Experimental Design for Engineering Dimensional Analysis" by Albrecht et al. (2013, Technometrics). That paper provides and overview of engineering dimensional analysis (DA) for use in developing DA models. The paper proposes methods for generating model-robust experimental designs to supporting fitting DA models. The specific approach is to develop a design that maximizes the efficiency of a specified empirical model (EM) in the original independent variables, subject to a minimum efficiency for a DA model expressed in terms of dimensionless groups (DGs). This discussion article raises several issues and makes recommendations regarding the proposed approach. Also, the concept of spurious correlation is raised and discussed. Spurious correlation results from the response DG being calculated using several independent variables that are also used to calculate predictor DGs in the DA model.

Dimensional analysis↗
DOE OSTI2019

B341 MoMs Hydraulic System Design & Installation

This Statement of Work Document outlines the program equipment siting requirements for Building 341 to be installed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Subcontractor, who will be designing and installing B341 programmatic equipment hydraulic system, will be expected to provide engineering and construction support from procurement through installation. This scope of work includes the following: a) Walkdown and survey existing condition of Mechanics of Material (MoMs) programmatic equipment at B231. b) Engineering design, procurement, and installation of hydraulic system for MOMs programmatic equipment. c) Engineering design, procurement, and installation of indoor and outdoor hydraulic pumps. d) Engineering design of program equipment pits. e) Engineering design of new trenches to match existing B341 trenches.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Artificial Intelligence Design of Nuclear Systems

Advanced manufacturing applications in the nuclear industry have the potential to revolutionize nuclear design. While current engineering design objectives may be consistent with objectives from the past, such as those intended to minimize the fuel cost or to limit the maximum fuel temperature for a given power level, the possible geometries which can be considered as candidate designs have changed. Optimizations applied to current designs in nuclear engineering are limited by traditional geometric shapes that are easy to manufacture with traditional processes: slabs as fuel plates, cylinders as fuel rods, spheres as fuel pebbles, axis-aligned coolant channels, and more. Advanced manufacturing allows for an approach to the nuclear design problem with arbitrary geometries that can enable previously unrealized optimizations in performance and cost. This work explores the application of arbitrary geometry to the nuclear engineering design process.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-785: Using Systems Engineering to Design HDR Skin Treatment Operation for Small Lesions to Enhance Patient Safety

Purpose: Using systems engineering to design HDR skin treatment operation for small lesions using shielded applicators to enhance patient safety. Methods: Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field that offers formal methodologies to study, design, implement, and manage complex engineering systems as a whole over their life-cycles. The methodologies deal with human work-processes, coordination of different team, optimization, and risk management. The V-model of systems engineering emphasize two streams, the specification and the testing streams. The specification stream consists of user requirements, functional requirements, and design specifications while the testing on installation, operational, and performance specifications. In implementing system engineering to this project, the user and functional requirements are (a) HDR unit parameters be downloaded from the treatment planning system, (b) dwell times and positions be generated by treatment planning system, (c) source decay be computer calculated, (d) a double-check system of treatment parameters to comply with the NRC regulation. These requirements are intended to reduce human intervention to improve patient safety. Results: A formal investigation indicated that the user requirements can be satisfied. The treatment operation consists of using the treatment planning system to generate a pseudo plan that is adjusted for different shielded applicators to compute the dwell times. The dwell positions, channel numbers, and the dwell times are verified by the medical physicist and downloaded into the HDR unit. The decayed source strength is transferred to a spreadsheet that computes the dwell times based on the type of applicators and prescribed dose used. Prior to treatment, the source strength, dwell times, dwell positions, and channel numbers are double-checked by the radiation oncologist. No dosimetric parameters are manually calculated. Conclusion: Systems engineering provides methodologies to effectively design the HDR treatment operation that minimize human intervention and improve patient safety.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

WISDEM® v3.4.1(Wind Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model) [SWR-14-05]

The Wind Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM®) is a set of models for assessing overall wind plant cost of energy (COE). The models use wind turbine and plant cost and energy production as well as financial models to estimate COE and other wind plant system attributes. WISDEM® is accessed through Python, is built using OpenMDAO, and uses several sub-models that are also implemented within OpenMDAO. These sub-models can be used independently but they are required to use the overall WISDEM® turbine design capability. Please install all of the pre-requisites prior to installing WISDEM® by following the directions below. For additional information about the NWTC effort in systems engineering that supports WISDEM® development, please visit the official NREL systems engineering for wind energy website. https://www.nlr.gov/wind/systems-engineering

Dykes, Katherine↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling: FY19 Third Quarter Report

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on the development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling - FY18 First Quarter Report

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of the engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling - 18M Progress Report (Mar 2018)

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of the engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling - FY18 Third Quarter Report

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on the development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of the engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling – FY18 Fourth Quarter Report

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on the development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of the engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Combustion Numerics and Modeling - FY19 First Quarter Report

This project is focused on early stage research and development of numerical methods and models to improve advanced engine combustion concepts and systems. The current focus is on the development of new mathematics and algorithms to reduce the time to solution for advanced combustion engine design using detailed fuel chemistry. The research is prioritized towards the most time-consuming workflow bottlenecks (computer and human) and accuracy gaps that slow ACS program members. Zero-RK, the fast and accurate chemical kinetics solver software developed in this project, is central to the research efforts and continues to be developed to address the current and emerging needs of the engine designers, engine modelers and fuel mechanism developers.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

WISDEM® v3.15.2 2024 (Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model) [SWR-14-05]

The Wind-Plant Integrated System Design and Engineering Model (WISDEM®) is a set of models for assessing overall wind plant cost of energy (COE). The models use wind turbine and plant cost and energy production as well as financial models to estimate COE and other wind plant system attributes. WISDEM® is accessed through Python, is built using OpenMDAO, and uses several sub-models that are also implemented within OpenMDAO. These sub-models can be used independently but they are required to use the overall WISDEM® turbine design capability. Please install all of the pre-requisites prior to installing WISDEM® by following the directions below. For additional information about the NWTC effort in systems engineering that supports WISDEM® development, please visit the official NREL systems engineering for wind energy website. https://www.nrel.gov/wind/systems-engineering.html

Dykes, Katherine↗