Earth-Jupiter-Earth Trajectories and The Europa Ice-Clipper Mission
The nature of optimized Earth-Jupiter-Earth trajectories is described in a search for a Europa Flyby that could return a gaseous sample from close proximity to Europa.
Earth↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program: Earth Systems Digital Twins (ESDT) Standards for Interoperable Digital Twins Workshop Presentations
On September 18, 2023, NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program conducted a mini-workshop that brought together seven experts to survey and discuss "Standards for Interoperable Digital Twins". Since three years, the AIST Program has been developing technologies and prototypes for Earth System Digital Twins (ESDT). During those developments and after the ESDT Workshop held in October 2022, it became clear that standard for ESDT interoperability were needed and should be defined as soon as possible. To address this challenge, the AIST program will survey ongoing development for Digital Twins standards in various domains and the September 18, 2023 Workshop represented the first step towards this understanding. Speakers during this event included: Michael Grieves (Digital Twin Institute), Siri Jodha Singh Khalsa (IEEE GRSS Standards), Trent Tinker (OGC), Ryan Berkheimer (NOAA), John Stone (NVIDIA), Thomas Geenen (ECMWF-DestinE) and Arne Berre (SINTEF-Iliad DTO and EDITO). This presentation regroups all the speakers' presentations.
Earth Science Remote Sensing; Information Systems↗
Opportunities for Earth Observation to Inform Risk Management for Ocean Tipping Points
Abstract As climate change continues, the likelihood of passing critical thresholds or tipping points increases. Hence, there is a need to advance the science for detecting such thresholds. In this paper, we assess the needs and opportunities for Earth Observation (EO, here understood to refer to satellite observations) to inform society in responding to the risks associated with ten potential large-scale ocean tipping elements: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; Atlantic Subpolar Gyre; Beaufort Gyre; Arctic halocline; Kuroshio Large Meander; deoxygenation; phytoplankton; zooplankton; higher level ecosystems (including fisheries); and marine biodiversity. We review current scientific understanding and identify specific EO and related modelling needs for each of these tipping elements. We draw out some generic points that apply across several of the elements. These common points include the importance of maintaining long-term, consistent time series; the need to combine EO data consistently with in situ data types (including subsurface), for example through data assimilation; and the need to reduce or work with current mismatches in resolution (in both directions) between climate models and EO datasets. Our analysis shows that developing EO, modelling and prediction systems together, with understanding of the strengths and limitations of each, provides many promising paths towards monitoring and early warning systems for tipping, and towards the development of the next generation of climate models.
Wood, Richard A. (ORCID:0000000239609513)↗
On the probable influence of higher order earth gravity in the determination of the equatorial ellipticity of the earth from the drift of Syncom II over Brazil
Probable influence of higher order earth gravity in determining equatorial ellipticity of earth from drift of Syncom II over Brazil
SYNCOM II SATELLITE↗
Investigation of the relation between solar variations and weather on earth as shown by study of simultaneous data from the sun, Mariner II, near-earth satellites and the atmosphere below the mesosphere
Relation of solar variations and wind to weather on earth shown by data from sun, Mariner II, ATMOSPHERE, and near-earth satellites
SOLAR WIND↗
Scientific experiments on Gemini and Apollo earth orbital flights as precursors to Apollo extension and ORL earth orbital missions.
Gemini and Apollo Earth Orbital flights as precursors to Apollo extension and ORL Earth Orbital missions
GEMINI PROJECT↗
The spectral composition of the earth's infrared radiation into space according to the measurement results from earth's artificial satellites
Spectral composition of earth radiation determined using monochromators installed on board Cosmos series earth satellites
COSMOS SATELLITE↗
On the motion of remote artificial earth's satellites in the gravitational fields of the earth and of the moon
Remote artificial earth satellite motion in earth and moon gravitational fields
Dolgachev, V. P.↗
Effect of earth occultation on astronomical observations from earth orbit
Effect of earth occultation on astronomical observations from earth orbiting satellites
Wood, D. B.↗
Data return advantages of Earth-Mars-Earth trajectories.
Data return advantages of earth-Mars-earth flyby trajectories over more conventional Mars trajectories
Feitis, P. H.↗
Investigation of the earth's gravitational effects on the motion of near earth satellites
Earth gravitational effects on motion of near earth satellites
Yionoulis, S. M.↗
Numerical study of the economical earth-Mars and earth-Venus transfers.
Earth-Mars and earth-Venus economical transfers derived for optimal conditions with respect to characteristic velocity, obtaining exact numerical solution
Culp, R.↗
A mechanistic visualization of the sun-earth- earth orbital plane system
Mechanistic model of sun-earth-earth orbital plane system
Powers, J. W.↗
Partitioning of rare earth, alkali and alkaline earth elements between phenocrysts and acidic igneous magma
Rare earth, alkali and alkaline earth elements content of phenocrysts and acidic igneous magma
Nagasawa, H.↗
Alkali, alkaline earth, and rare-earth element concentrations in some Apollo 12 soils, rocks, and separated phases
Apollo 12 lunar soils, rocks and core samples, determining rare earth, alkali and alkaline earth elements concentrations
Philpotts, J. A.↗
Reference earth orbital research and applications investigations (blue book). Volume 4: Earth observations
The earth observations capability of the space station and space shuttle program definition is discussed. The stress in the functional program element has been to update the sensor specifications and to shift some of the emphasis from sensors to experiments to be done aboard the facility. The earth observations facility will include provisions for data acquisition, sensor control and display, data analysis, and maintenance and repair. The facility is research and development in nature with a potential for operational applications.
Source record↗
Uses of earth resources data in the NASA/MSC Earth Resources Research Data Facility.
The operation of the Earth Resources Research Data Facility (ERRDF) in Clear Lake City, Texas, which contains both aircraft and spacecraft gathered information on remote sensing of earth resources, including geology, geography, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and oceanography, is described in detail. Possible uses of ERRDF data for further studies and applications are discussed.
Zeitler, E. O.↗
Tracking and orbit determination of near earth orbiting satellites using earth synchronous relay satellites
A Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) made up of two earth synchronous data relay satellites is proposed for the late 1970s to aid in the tracking, or take the place of ground tracking, or near-earth orbiters. Theoretical error analysis studies were conducted to evaluate the TDRSS concept of tracking user satellites. All major factors affecting orbit determination accuracy were considered in the analysis, including tracking system and dynamic modeling errors.
Bryant, W. C., Jr.↗