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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Designing an Optimal LSST Deep Drilling Program for Cosmology with Type Ia Supernovae

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is forecast to collect a large sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) expected to be instrumental in unveiling the nature of dark energy. The feat, however, requires accurately measuring the two components of the Hubble diagram, distance modulus and redshift. Distance is estimated from SN Ia parameters extracted from light-curve fits, where the average quality of light curves is primarily driven by survey parameters. An optimal observing strategy is thus critical for measuring cosmological parameters with high accuracy. We present in this paper a three-stage analysis to assess the impact of the deep drilling (DD) strategy parameters on three critical aspects of the survey: redshift completeness, the number of well-measured SNe Ia, and cosmological measurements. We demonstrate that the current DD survey plans (internal LSST simulations) are characterized by a low completeness (z ~ 0.55–0.65), and irregular and low cadences (several days), which dramatically decrease the size of the well-measured SN Ia sample. We propose a method providing the number of visits required to reach higher redshifts. We use the results to design a set of optimized DD surveys for SN Ia cosmology taking full advantage of spectroscopic resources for host galaxy redshift measurements. The most accurate cosmological measurements are achieved with deep rolling surveys characterized by a high cadence (1 day), a rolling strategy (at least two seasons of observation per field), and ultradeep (z ≳ 0.8) and deep (z ≳ 0.6) fields. A deterministic scheduler including a gap recovery mechanism is critical to achieving a high-quality DD survey.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Cohesive Deep Drilling Field Strategy for LSST Cosmology

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will image billions of astronomical objects in the wide–fast–deep primary survey and in a set of minisurveys including intensive observations of a group of deep drilling fields (DDFs). The DDFs are a critical piece of three key aspects of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) cosmological measurements: they provide a required calibration for photometric redshifts (photo- z ) and weak gravitational lensing (WL) measurements and they directly contribute to cosmological constraints from the most distant Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We present a set of cohesive DDF strategies fulfilling science requirements relevant to DESC and following the guidelines of the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee. We propose a method to estimate the observing strategy parameters and we perform simulations of the corresponding surveys. We define a set of metrics for each science case to assess the performance of the proposed observing strategies. We show that the most promising results are achieved with deep rolling surveys characterized by two sets of fields: ultradeep fields ( z ≲ 1.1) observed at a high cadence with a large number of visits over a limited number of seasons, and deep fields ( z ≲ 0.7), observed with a cadence of ~3 nights for 10 yr. These encouraging results should be confirmed with realistic simulations using the LSST scheduler. A DDF budget of ~8.5% is required to design observing strategies satisfying all the cosmological requirements. A lower DDF budget leads to surveys that either do not fulfill the photo- z /WL requirements or are not optimal for SN Ia cosmology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Atmospheric CO 2 estimates for the Miocene to Pleistocene based on foraminiferal $δ^{11}$B at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the Western Equatorial Pacific

Constraints on the evolution of atmospheric CO 2 levels throughout Earth's history are foundational to our understanding of past variations in climate. Despite considerable effort, records vary in their temporal and spatial coverage and estimates of past CO 2 levels do not always converge, and therefore new records and proxies are valuable. Here we reconstruct atmospheric CO 2 values across major climate transitions over the past 16 million years using the boron isotopic composition (δ 11 B) of planktic foraminifera from 89 samples obtained from two sites in the West Pacific Warm Pool, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 806 and 807, measured using high-precision multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We compare our results to published data from ODP Site 872, also in the Western Equatorial Pacific, that goes back to 22 million years ago. These sites are in a region that today is near equilibrium with the atmosphere and are thought to have been in equilibrium with the atmosphere for the interval studied. We show that δ 11 B data from this region are consistent with other boron-based studies. The data show evidence for elevated pCO 2 during the Middle Miocene and Early to Middle Pliocene, and reductions in pCO 2 of ~200 ppm during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, ~250 ppm during Pliocene Glacial Intensification and ~50 ppm during the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition. During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition there is a minimum pCO 2 at marine isotopic stage (MIS) 30. Our results are consistent with a coupling between pCO 2 , temperature and ice sheet expansion from the Miocene to the late Quaternary.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multilayer solid lubricant architecture for use in drilling tool applications

A coating architecture is disclosed that includes a substrate having a surface finish Ra of 0.3μ or finer, an intermediate layer overlying and in contact with the substrate; and a solid lubricant layer overlying and in contact with the intermediate layer. The test results of applying the coating architecture to a reciprocating hammer drill utilizing the coating is also disclosed.

Su, Jiann-Cherng↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analyses of the C. Winter #10 Enhanced Open-hole Drill Stem Test of the Residual Oil Zone in the Cypress Sandstone

The objective of this report is to detail enhanced open-hole drill stem test (DST) of the Residual Oil Zone in the Cypress Sandstone. DST are 1) to confirm there is no mobile oil from the suspected residual oil zone (ROZ), 2) estimate vertical and horizontal permeability in the ROZ, and 3) test vertical communication between the Cypress main pay zone (MPZ) and the ROZ, across the upper calcite layer.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2023

Basement rock hybrid drilling

A method for monitoring and controlling a downhole pressure of a well during formation of a borehole of a well is provided. The method can include monitoring a downhole pressure of a well during formation of a borehole of the well using a millimeter wave drilling apparatus including a waveguide configured for insertion into the borehole. The monitoring can include determining the downhole pressure. The downhole pressure can include an amount of pressure present at a bottom of the well. The method can also include determining a lithostatic pressure of rock surrounding the well at the bottom of the well. The method can further include controlling the downhole pressure relative to the lithostatic pressure of the rock surrounding the well at the bottom of the well. Related systems performing the methods are also provided.

Araque, Carlos↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multilayer solid lubricant architecture for use in drilling tool applications

A coating architecture is disclosed that includes a substrate having a surface finish Ra of 0.3μ or finer, an intermediate layer overlying and in contact with the substrate; and a solid lubricant layer overlying and in contact with the intermediate layer. The test results of applying the coating architecture to a reciprocating hammer drill utilizing the coating is also disclosed.

Su, Jiann-Cherng↗
DOE OSTI2023

SR23012, A Pragmatic Approach to Laser Drilling and Rewelding of Fill Stems, SRNL-TR-2023-00551

The current approach to disposing unloaded reservoirs is to snap the remaining stem, and seal the hole with JB weld, a two-part epoxy mix that is messy to work with and that takes many hours to ensure it is property cured. During this time, reservoirs may be outgassing and cause higher than desired activity in the glovebox. This project will develop, characterize, and deploy a method to drill stems to unload the reservoirs (already in use in the facility, but may require some simple process / procedure modifications), demonstrate that the reservoirs are fully unloaded, and reweld stems by returning to the unloading station and firing the laser to weld the unloading hole closed.

Korinko, Paul S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Simulating Fracture Sealing by Granular LCM Particles in Geothermal Drilling

Lost circulation occurs when the returned fluid is less than what is pumped into the well due to loss of fluid to pores or fractures. A lost-circulation event is a common occurrence in a geothermal well. Typical geothermal reservoirs are often under-pressured and have larger fracture apertures. A severe lost-circulation event is costly and may lead to stuck pipe, well instability, and well abandonment. One typical treatment is adding lost-circulation materials (LCMs) to seal fractures. Conventional LCMs fail to properly seal fractures because their mechanical limit is exceeded at elevated temperatures. In this paper, parametric studies in numerical simulations are conducted to better understand different thermal effects on the sealing mechanisms of LCMs. The computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) and the discrete element method (DEM) are coupled to accurately capture the true physics of sealing by granular materials. Due to computational limits, the traditional Eulerian–Eulerian approach treats solid particles as a group of continuum matter. With the advance of modern computational power, particle bridging is achievable with DEM to track individual particles by modeling their interactive forces between each other. Particle–fluid interactions can be modeled by coupling CFD algorithms. Fracture sealing capability is investigated by studying the effect of four individual properties including fluid viscosity, particle size, friction coefficient, and Young’s modulus. It is found that thermally degraded properties lead to inefficient fracture sealing.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗