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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7

Multiobjective Optimization of Low-Energy Trajectories Using Optimal Control on Dynamical Channels

We introduce a computational method to design efficient low-energy trajectories by extracting initial solutions from dynamical channels formed by invariant manifolds, and improving these solutions through variational optimal control. We consider trajectories connecting two unstable periodic orbits in the circular restricted 3-body problem (CR3BP). Our method leverages dynamical channels to generate a range of solutions, and approximates the areto front for impulse and time of flight through a multiobjective optimization of these solutions based on primer vector theory. We demonstrate the application of our method to a libration orbit transfer in the Earth-Moon system.

trajectory design↗

Measurements in Flight of the Flying Qualities of a Chance Vought F4U-4 Airplane: TED No. NACA 2388

The results of flight tests to determine flying qualities of a Chance Vought F4U-4 airplane are presented and discussed herein. In addition to comprehensive measurements at low altitude (about 8000 ft), tests of limited scope were made at high altitude (about 25,000 ft). The more important characteristics, based on a comparison of the test results and opinions of the pilots with the Navy requirements, can be summarized as follows: 1. The short-period control-free oscillations of the elevator angle and the normal acceleration were satisfactorily damped. 2. The most rearward center-of-gravity locations for satisfactory static longitudinal stability with power on, as determined by the control-force variations, were approximately 30 and 27 percent M.A.C. with flaps and gear up and down, respectively. 3. In maneuvering flight the conditions for which control-force gradients of satisfactory magnitude were obtained were seriously limited by sizable changes in the gradient with center-of-gravity location, airspeed, altitude, acceleration factor, and direction of turn. 4. The elevator and rudder controls were satisfactory for landings and take-offs. 5. The trim tabs were sufficiently effective for all controls. 6. The directional and lateral dynamic stability was positive, but the rudder oscillation did not damp within one cycle. The airplane oscillation damped sufficiently at low altitude but not at high altitude. 7. Both rudder-fixed and rudder-free static directional stability were positive over a sideslip range of +/-15 deg. However, the rudder force tended to reverse at high angles of right sideslip with flaps and gear up, power on, at low speeds. 8. The stick-fixed static lateral stability (dihedral effect) was positive in all conditions, but the stick-free dihedral effect was neutral at low speeds with flap and gear down, power on. 9. The yaw due to abrupt full aileron deflection at low speed was mot excessive, and the rudder control was adequate to hold trim sideslip. 10. In abrupt rudder-fixed aileron rolls in the clean configuration the maximum pb/2V for full aileron deflection at low and normal speeds was only 0.064. 11. The stalling characteristics were considered unsatisfactory in all configurations in both straight and turning flight due to inadequate stall warning. The motions in the stalls were not unduly severe, and recovery could be effected promptly by normal use of the controls.

Liddell, Charles J., Jr.↗

NASA V/STOL Propulsion Control Analysis - Phase I and II program status

NASA-Lewis Research Center initiated the V/STOL Propulsion Control Analysis Program in 1979 in order to take advantage of advanced electronic control technology for the next generation of V/STOL aircraft. The rationale, methods, and criteria developed during Phase I and Phase II of the program are discussed first. The development of an integrated flight and propulsion control system is then described. Most V/STOL aircraft under consideration depend on reaction thrusters or separate lift engines for attitude control and on engine thrust variations for height control. S/CTOL aircraft vector-thrust for pitch control during low speed operation. The baseline propulsion control system provides a thrust level response of 10 rad/sec and a vectoring response of 22 rad/sec. The requirements of the control components include: (1) redundant electronic control computers with minimum software and 100% Fault Coverage; (2) prime reliable electromechanical actuator interfaces; (3) miniature, digitally compatible sensors with easily detected failure modes; and (4) dual element, fail operational fuel pumps.

Miller, R. J.↗

Ride quality sensitivity to SAS control law and to handling quality variations

The RQ trends which large flexible aircraft exhibit under various parameterizations of control laws and handling qualities are discussed. A summary of the assumptions and solution technique, a control law parameterization review, a discussion of ride sensitivity to handling qualities, and the RQ effects generated by implementing relaxed static stability configurations are included.

Roberts, P. A.↗

RxGen General Optical Model Prescription Generator

RxGen is a prescription generator for JPL's in-house optical modeling software package called MACOS (Modeling and Analysis for Controlled Optical Systems), which is an expert optical analysis software package focusing on modeling optics on dynamic structures, deformable optics, and controlled optics. The objectives of RxGen are to simplify and automate MACOS prescription generations, reducing errors associated with creating such optical prescriptions, and improving user efficiency without requiring MACOS proficiency. RxGen uses MATLAB (a high-level language and interactive environment developed by MathWorks) as the development and deployment platform, but RxGen can easily be ported to another optical modeling/analysis platform. Running RxGen within the modeling environment has the huge benefit that variations in optical models can be made an integral part of the modeling state. For instance, optical prescription parameters determined as external functional dependencies, optical variations by controlling the in-/exclusion of optical components like sub-systems, and/or controlling the state of all components. Combining the mentioned capabilities and flexibilities with RxGen's optical abstraction layer completely eliminates the hindering aspects for requiring proficiency in writing/editing MACOS prescriptions, allowing users to focus on the modeling aspects of optical systems, i.e., increasing productivity and efficiency. RxGen provides significant enhancements to MACOS and delivers a framework for fast prototyping as well as for developing very complex controlled optical systems.

Sigrist, Norbert↗

A study of selected parameters in solid propellant processing

A propellant processing study to identify and control unplanned variation in composite solid propellant properties has shown that burning rate increases with process mixing but is not sensitve to process temperature. Different vertical propellant mixes of the same type were shown to provide different conditions of mixing at the pot wall because of differences in gearing, sometimes resulting in a stagnant wall film. Poor propellant produced in the stagnant wall film was attributed to poor mixing because of viscosity effects and wall film geometry. A control strategy based on briefly heating the wall was demonstrated. The study showed the need for improved process controls, good process instruments, and good propellant testing.

Mckay, R. A.↗

A comparison of digital flight control design methods

Many variations in design methods for aircraft digital flight control have been proposed in the literature. In general, the methods fall into two categories: those where the design is done in the continuous domain (or s-plane), and those where the design is done in the discrete domain (or z-plane). This paper evaluates several variations of each category and compares them for various flight control modes of the Langley TCV Boeing 737 aircraft. Design method fidelity is evaluated by examining closed loop root movement and the frequency response of the discretely controlled continuous aircraft. It was found that all methods provided acceptable performance for sample rates greater than 10 cps except the 'uncompensated s-plane design' method which was acceptable above 20 cps. A design procedure based on optimal control methods was proposed that provided the best fidelity at very slow sample rates and required no design iterations for changing sample rates.

Powell, J. D.↗

An investigation of the solar cycle response of odd-nitrogen in the thermosphere

This annual report covers the first year of funding for the study of the solar cycle variations of odd-nitrogen (N((sup 2)D), N((sup 4)S), NO) in the Earth's thermosphere. The study uses the extensive data base generated by the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) satellites, and the Solar Mesosphere Explorer Satellite. The AE data are being used, for the first time, to define the solar variability effect on the odd-nitrogen species through analysis of the emissions at 520 nano-m from N((sup 2)D) and the emission from O(+)((sup 2)P). Additional AE neutral and ion density data are used to help define and quantify the physical processes controlling the variations. The results from the airglow study will be used in the next two years of this study to explain the solar cycle changes in NO measured by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer.

Rusch, David W.↗

Loss of Control Detection for Commercial Transports Using Conditional Variational Autoencoders

This work describes a detector for the loss of control of a commercial transport in flight. The detector has a belief state defined by the latent variable stochastic modeling of a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) constructed with bidirectional recurrent layers. In 2000, the Boeing Company and the NASA Langley Research Center jointly developed a quantitative set of metrics for defining loss-of-control (LOC) for a commercial transport. We use the thresholds for these quantitative metrics to define a condition vector for training the CVAE. We demonstrate through experimentation that reconstruction probability is an accurate indicator that the vehicle has shifted to an LOC state. Second, we introduce a technique for inferring that the vehicle is experiencing a flight state change is approaching by measuring a shift in the sampling Gaussian distributions of the latent space. We provide an analysis of its applicability to flight data from a NASA generic commercial transport-type aircraft.

Newton H Campbell↗

Sensitive low-pressure relief valve has positive seating against leakage

A pilot-operated relief valve which provides positive seating against leakage in cryogenic systems is described. The principal advantage is that the pilot poppet is unaffected by variations in control pressures in the pilot cavity, and results in a more accurate sensing of inlet pressure conditions.

Source record↗

On stochastic extremum problems - calculus.

Lagrange multiplier technique for determining stationary points /of functions/ or stationary functions /of integrals/ of expected value of random functions with certain random constraints

LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER↗

Control of a flexible space shuttle vehicle

The application of optimal control technology to the design of a controller for the space shuttle descent was studied using weighting matrices adjusted through iteration to reduce response peaks, which are defined as mean magnitude plus sigma values. The synthesis techniques, and optimal controller design are discussed along with simplified controller design. Quantitative characteristics of the optimal controller, effects of variation of sample rate, and simplified controller data are included.

Harvey, C. A.↗

Human performance evaluation in dual-axis critical task tracking

A dual axis tracking using a multiloop critical task was set up to evaluate human performance. The effects of control stick variation and display formats are evaluated. A secondary loading was used to measure the degradation in tracking performance.

Ritchie, M. L.↗

Furnace and support equipment for space processing

A core facility capable of performing a majority of materials processing experiments is discussed. Experiment classes are described, the needs peculiar to each experiment type are outlined, and projected facility requirements to perform the experiments are treated. Control equipment (automatic control) and variations of the Czochralski method for use in space are discussed.

Mazelsky, R.↗

Variable-Volume Engine

A description is given of an engine using the expansion-contraction of bodies subjected to controlled thermal variations and making use of free natural heat sources.

Convers, S.↗