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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Reduced ecosystem resilience quantifies fine-scale heterogeneity in tropical forest mortality responses to drought

Sensitivity of forest mortality to drought in carbon-dense tropical forests remains fraught with uncertainty, while extreme droughts are predicted to be more frequent and intense. Here, in this study, the potential of temporal autocorrelation of high-frequency variability in Landsat Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), an indicator of ecosystem resilience, to predict spatial and temporal variations of forest biomass mortality is evaluated against in situ census observations for 64 site-year combinations in Costa Rican tropical dry forests during the 2015 ENSO drought. Temporal autocorrelation, within the optimal moving window of 24 months, demonstrated robust predictive power for in situ mortality (leave-one- out cross-validation R 2 = 0.54), which allows for estimates of annual biomass mortality patterns at 30 m resolution. Subsequent spatial analysis showed substantial fine-scale heterogeneity of forest mortality patterns, largely driven by drought intensity and ecosystem properties related to plant water use such as forest deciduousness and topography. Highly deciduous forest patches demonstrated much lower mortality sensitivity to drought stress than less deciduous forest patches after elevation was controlled. Our results highlight the potential of high-resolution remote sensing to “fingerprint” forest mortality and the significant role of ecosystem heterogeneity in forest biomass resistance to drought.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

1996 Bay Area Travel Study Wave 2

The 1996 Bay Area Travel Study, conducted by the Metropolitan Transportation Commssion, collected demographic, socioeconomic, and travel data for 3,618 households in California's nine-county Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma counties. The goal of the study was to collect information on activities for all people in each household, regardless of age or relationship. Respondents were asked to record all activities, including trips, over a two-day period. The data gathered during the survey will be used for the area's long-term transportation and air quality planning needs. The survey collected both weekday and weekend multi-day data and was the first activity-based survey conducted in the Bay Area. It also included separate sub-projects. A stated preference congestion pricing survey was administered to 150 of the respondents with a follow-up survey conducted with 110 participants. A follow-up survey was also completed by over half of the 3,618 respondent households to update contact and demographic information. These participants were then used as a panel sample for the 2000 Bay Area Travel Survey (NuStats Research and Consulting 1999).

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2026

Travel Decision Survey - San Francisco - 2012

On behalf of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), Corey, Canapary & Galanis undertook a Travel Decision Survey within the City and County of San Francisco, as well the eight surrounding Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano. The primary goals of this study were to accurately assess mode share for trips within San Francisco (including trips to or from San Francisco, but excluding through trips) among city residents and residents of other Bay Area counties; provide additional trip details, including trip purpose information for each trip in the mode-share question series; and use the mode-share percentages collected on this survey in conjunction with total trip estimates provided by SFMTA to project the number of trips by mode on an average day in San Francisco.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Travel Decision Survey - San Francisco - 2013

On behalf of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), Corey, Canapary & Galanis undertook a Travel Decision Survey within the City and County of San Francisco, as well as the eight surrounding Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano. The primary goals of this study were to: 1. Assess percent mode share for travel in San Francisco for evaluation of the SFMTA Strategic Objective 2.3: Mode Share target of 50% non-private auto travel by FY 2018 with a 95% confidence level and margin of error ±5% or less. 2. Evaluate the above statement based on number of trips to, from, and within San Francisco by Bay Area residents. Trips by visitors to the Bay Area and for commercial purposes are not included. 3. Provide additional trip details, including trip purpose for each trip in the mode-share question series. 4. Collect demographic data on the population of Bay Area residents who travel to, from, and within San Francisco. 5. Collect data on travel behavior and opinions that support other SFMTA strategy and project evaluation needs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Travel Decision Survey - San Francisco - 2014

On behalf of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), Corey, Canapary & Galanis undertook a Travel Decision Survey within the City and County of San Francisco, as well as the eight surrounding Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano. The primary goals of this study were to: 1. Assess percent mode share for travel in San Francisco for evaluation of the SFMTA Strategic Objective 2.3: Mode Share target of 50% non-private auto travel by FY 2018 with a 95% confidence level and margin of error ±5% or less. 2. Evaluate the above statement based on number of trips to, from, and within San Francisco by Bay Area residents. Trips by visitors to the Bay Area and for commercial purposes are not included. 3. Provide additional trip details, including trip purpose for each trip in the mode-share question series. 4. Collect demographic data on the population of Bay Area residents who travel to, from, and within San Francisco. 5. Collect data on travel behavior and opinions that support other SFMTA strategy and project evaluation needs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Travel Decision Survey - San Francisco - 2015

On behalf of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), Corey, Canapary & Galanis undertook a Travel Decision Survey within the City and County of San Francisco, as well as the eight surrounding Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano. The primary goals of this study were to: 1. Assess percent mode share for travel in San Francisco for evaluation of the SFMTA Strategic Objective 2.3: Mode Share target of 50% non-private auto travel by FY 2018 with a 95% confidence level and margin of error ±5% or less. 2. Evaluate the above statement based on number of trips to, from, and within San Francisco by Bay Area residents. Trips by visitors to the Bay Area and for commercial purposes are not included. 3. Provide additional trip details, including trip purpose for each trip in the mode-share question series. 4. Collect demographic data on the population of Bay Area residents who travel to, from, and within San Francisco. 5. Collect data on travel behavior and opinions that support other SFMTA strategy and project evaluation needs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Travel Decision Survey - San Francisco - 2017

On behalf of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), Corey, Canapary & Galanis undertook a Travel Decision Survey within the City and County of San Francisco, as well as the eight surrounding Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Napa, Sonoma, and Solano. The primary goals of this study were to: 1. Assess percent mode share for travel in San Francisco for evaluation of the SFMTA Strategic Objective 2.3: Mode Share target of 50% non-private auto travel by FY 2018 with a 95% confidence level and margin of error ±5% or less. 2. Evaluate the above statement based on number of trips to, from, and within San Francisco by Bay Area residents. Trips by visitors to the Bay Area and for commercial purposes are not included. 3. Provide additional trip details, including trip purpose for each trip in the mode-share question series. 4. Collect demographic data on the population of Bay Area residents who travel to, from, and within San Francisco. 5. Collect data on travel behavior and opinions that support other SFMTA strategy and project evaluation needs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pantropical Tree Sapwood Area Data, 1977 - 2015

This data package containsata synthesis of pantropical sapwood area as a function of tree size (height or DBH) for trees ranging in sizes 1 - 140 cm DBH and 6 - 44 m tall. Data span both natural tropical forests and plantations and rainfall gradients from deciduous dry tropical forests to everwet tropical forests, and come from the following countries: Queensland, Australia; Costa Rica; Panama; Sulawesi, Indonesia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Brazil; French Guiana; Bolivia. Three CSV files are included: SA_headers.csv: description of variables in the two files below SA.csv: tree size (DBH or height) sapwood area SA_references.csv: citation, bibliographic reference, and DOI for the published references from which data were extracted

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pantropical Tree Sapwood Hydraulic Properties, 1991 - 2014

This data package contains sapwood pressure-volume parameters including osmotic potential at full turgot, turgor loss point, bulk elastic modulus, and others, determined by curve fitting to raw isotherm data (paired measurements of water content and water potential). Raw data were digitized from published figures. Data are from natural tropical and subtropical forests or savannas and span rainfall gradients from deciduous dry tropical forests to everwet tropical forests, and come from the following countries: Argentina, Panama, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Madagascar. Included in the attached zip file are four CSV files. sapwood_PV_recal_headers.csv: description of variables in the two files below sapwood_PV_recal_corrected.csv: bias-corrected sapwood PV data (see Methods in the associated reference) sapwood_PV_recal_uncorrected.csv: uncorrected sapwood PV data (see Methods in the associated reference) sapwood_PV_references.csv: citation, bibliographic reference, and DOI for the published references from which data were extracted.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux AmeriFlux CR-SoC Soltis Center

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CR-SoC Soltis Center. Site Description - The Texas A&M Soltis Center for Research and Education is located in San Juan de Peñas Blancas, San Ramón, Costa Rica. In 2009, Charles W. "Bill" and Wanda Soltis donated a new facility to the university and granted it a long-term lease on the adjacent 250 acres of land. The site hosts both primary and secondary growth rainforest, the later of which was selectively logged between the 1950's and the 1990's. It is best classified as a lower montane forest, located in the transitional area between the upper and lower montane cloud forests and the lowland rainforests. Temperatures average 23°C with 4200 mm/yr of rainfall; a short drier period typically occurs between January and April. Estimates suggest that the site hosts more than 2000 species of vascular plants, with dominant vegetation types including plants in the Sapotaceae, Moracea, and Malvaceae families.

Cahill, Anthony T.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Site 300 Bat Survey Report

A review of prior bat records in literature and museum collections for the five counties around Site 300 (Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Santa Clara, and Stanislaus) identified 1038 specimens of 15 species. No roosting bats or bat sign indicating roosting were observed in examining samples of structures on Site 300 both day and night. Acoustic monitoring and visual observation detected seven to nine species, including three special status species -- the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, the western red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii and the Yuma myotis, Myotis yumanensis. An additional special status species, the long-legged myotis, Myotis volans was possibly present. As a consequence of the windy conditions typically encountered, no bats were caught in mist net sampling, though simultaneous acoustic monitoring demonstrated bats were present at those locations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scat Detection Dog Surveys for the San Joaquin Kit Fox on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (Site 300) and the Corral Hollow Ecological Reserve: 2020 Deployment

The San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) historically occupied an extensive range in the San Joaquin Valley, California; however, their populations and habitat have since been significantly reduced by human impacts (United States Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1998). More than 95% of the potential habitat for kit foxes on the San Joaquin Valley floor has been converted to irrigated agriculture, urbanized, or industrialized lands. The San Joaquin kit fox was listed as endangered by the USFWS in 1967 and as threatened by the State of California in 1971. Records from local surveys, research projects, and incidental sightings indicate the present distribution of kit foxes extends from 1) southern Kern County north to Contra Costa, Alameda, and San Joaquin counties on the west side of the valley and to Stanislaus County on the east side; 2) into some of the larger, uncultivated valley-floor land parcels in Kern, Tulare, Kings, Fresno, Madera, and Merced counties; and 3) westward within 5 counties in the interior coastal range (USFWS 1998). Kit foxes have been denoted to occur in 3 geographically distinct core and several satellite populations in a heavily fragmented landscape, with the largest extant populations concentrated in the southern part of the range and smaller populations and isolated sightings in the central and northern portions (USFWS 1998, 2010).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2020

This report summarizes the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States and discusses the achievements and challenges of introducing fuel cell propulsion in transit. The report provides a summary of results from evaluations performed by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The 2020 summary results primarily focus on the most recent data on these FCEBs, from January 2020 through July 2020. The primary results presented in the report are from 25 FCEBs deployed at three agencies: Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) in Oakland, California (10 FCEBs); Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) in Santa Ana, California (10 FCEBs); SunLine Transit Agency in Thousand Palms, California (5 FCEBs).

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2021

AC Transit Fuel Cell Electric Bus Progress Report (Data Period Focus: Jan. 2020 through Dec. 2020) [Slides]

This report presents early results from a deployment of fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) operated by Alameda Contra-Costa Transit (AC Transit) in the east bay area of California. The ten FCEBs, produced by New Flyer, feature an electric drive propulsion system powered by a Ballard fuel cell system. The project team is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. The goal of this evaluation is to compare the FCEB performance to that of conventional technology and to track progress over time toward meeting the technical targets set by DOE and the Department of Transportation (DOT). The FCEBs were delivered beginning in late-2019. The data period covers January 2020 through July 2020. NREL collects data on two different baseline bus fleets for comparison: five 2017 model year diesel buses and five 2016 model year diesel hybrid buses.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Genome-scale Design and Engineering of Non-model Yeast Organisms for Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts

The overall goal of this project was to develop genome-scale design and engineering tools for two non-model yeast organisms including Rhodotorula toruloides and Issatchenkia orientalis to produce high-levels of fatty acids-derived products and organic acids, respectively. The project was performed between 9/15/2017 and 9/14/2024 (the last two-years were no-cost extensions). The team consisted of Huimin Zhao (Lead PI) and Christopher Rao (Co-PI) from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Costas Maranas (Co-PI) from the Pennsylvania State University, Joshua Rabinowitz (Co-PI) and Martin Wuhr (Co-PI) from Princeton University, and Yasuo Yoshikuni (Co-PI) from the DOE Joint Genome Institute. The team has made great progress in both tool development and fundamental understanding of these two non-model yeasts. In total, there were 40 research publications (one of them is still under review) and one patent application as well as numerous oral presentations.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Two Co-occurring Liana Species Strongly Differ in Their Hydraulic Traits in a Water-Limited Neotropical Forest

Lianas are a key growth form in tropical forests. They are believed to be strong competitors for water, thanks to their presumed efficient vascular systems. However, despite being a large polyphyletic group, they are currently often considered as a functionally homogeneous entity. In this study, we challenged this assumption by estimating the variability in hydraulic traits of two common, co-occurring liana species in a water-limited environment, namely, a seasonally dry tropical forest in Costa Rica. We measured vulnerability to embolism at the leaf and branch levels using two different methods (optical and acoustic vulnerability) and found that both species had very different hydraulic properties. Compared to reported P 50 values in literature, we found two extreme P 50 values: a low value for Bignonia diversifolia (−4.30 ± 0.54 MPa at the leaf level; −7.42 ± 0.54 MPa at the branch level) and a high value for Cissus microcarpa (−1.07 ± 0.14 at the leaf level; −1.20 ± 0.05 MPa at the branch level). Furthermore, B. diversifolia had a higher apparent modulus of elasticity in the radial direction (556.6 ± 401.0 MPa) and a variable midday water potential. On the other hand, C. microcarpa had a low apparent modulus of elasticity in the radial direction (37.8 ± 26.3 MPa) and a high branch water content, which enabled the species to keep its water potential stable during the dehydration experiments and during a drought period in the field. This mechanism may enable this species to coexist with species that are more resistant to drought-induced embolisms such as B. diversifolia . Although only two species were studied, considerable overlap was found between the range of hydraulic properties of trees growing in the same location and trees and lianas growing in two forests in Panama. These findings demonstrate that lianas cannot be considered as a homogeneous group and call for further research into the intra-growth form diversity of liana properties.

Coppieters, Kasper↗
DOE OSTI2022

Increasing Liana Abundance and Associated Reductions in Tree Growth in Secondary Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

Lianas are thought to be increasing and altering tree growth and ecosystem productivity in tropical forests, but less research has focused on secondary or seasonally dry tropical forest. We report on an 11-year study of tree growth and liana presence from Guanacaste, Costa Rica, where we measured the diameter growth and liana presence on more than 1,700 trees in regenerating forest of different ages. We find that the proportion of trees without lianas is decreasing and the number of trees with lianas occupying more than 10% of tree’s crowns is increasing. We also find that lianas are affecting the diameter growth of trees. The 11-year average relative growth rates of trees with lianas in more than 10% of the tree’s crown are lower than the relative growth of trees with no lianas or lianas in less than 10% of their crown. Year-to-year, tree relative growth rate is related to annual precipitation and tree diameter. However, trees that were heavily infested with lianas (i.e., with lianas in more than 50% of their crowns) had lower relative growth and a weaker precipitation-growth relationship. This work underscores the value of long-term longitudinal data in secondary forest and adds critical data on dry forest liana abundance change.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modeling the Effects of Global Change on Ecosystem Processes in a Tropical Rainforest

Ongoing land-use change and climate change in wet tropical forests can potentially drive shifts in tree species composition, representing a change in individual species within a functional group, tropical evergreen trees. The impacts on the global carbon cycle are potentially large, but unclear. We explored the differential effects of species within this functional group, in comparison with the effects of climate change, using the Century model as a research tool. Simulating effects of individual tree species on biome-level biogeochemical cycles constituted a novel application for Century. Background and Objectives: A unique, long-term, replicated field experiment containing five evergreen tree species in monodominant stands under similar environmental conditions in a Costa Rican wet forest provided data for model evaluation. Our objectives were to gain insights about this forest’s biogeochemical cycles and effects of tree species within this functional group, in comparison with climate change. Materials and Methods: We calibrated Century, using long-term meteorological, soil, and plant data from the field-based experiment. In modeling experiments, we evaluated effects on forest biogeochemistry of eight plant traits that were both observed and modeled. Climate-change simulation experiments represented two climate-change aspects observed in this region. Results: Model calibration revealed that unmodeled soil processes would be required to sustain observed P budgets. In species-traits experiments, three separate plant traits (leaf death rate, leaf C:N, and allocation to fine roots) resulted in modeled biomass C stock changes of >50%, compared with a maximum 21% change in the climate-change experiments. Conclusions: Modeled ecosystem properties and processes in Century were sensitive to changes in plant traits and nutrient limitations to productivity. Realistic model output was attainable for some species, but unusual plant traits thwarted predictions for one species. Including more plant traits and soil processes could increase realism, but less-complex models provide an accessible means for exploring plant-soil-atmosphere interactions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗