Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Clathrate”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Solvent organization in the ultrahigh-resolution crystal structure of crambin at room temperature

Ultrahigh-resolution structures provide unprecedented details about protein dynamics, hydrogen bonding and solvent networks. The reported 0.70 Å, room-temperature crystal structure of crambin is the highest-resolution ambient-temperature structure of a protein achieved to date. Sufficient data were collected to enable unrestrained refinement of the protein and associated solvent networks using SHELXL . Dynamic solvent networks resulting from alternative side-chain conformations and shifts in water positions are revealed, demonstrating that polypeptide flexibility and formation of clathrate-type structures at hydrophobic surfaces are the key features endowing crambin crystals with extraordinary diffraction power.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Cu(PO4)2 by Materials Project

Li4Cu(PO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CuO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.02 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CuO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.09 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.04 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.06 Å. Cu2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form CuO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.14 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.60 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu2+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Cu2+, and one P5+ atom to form OLi2CuP tetrahedra that share corners with four OLi2CuP tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OLi3P trigonal pyramid. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Cu2+, and one P5+ atom to form distorted OLi2CuP tetrahedra that share corners with four OLi2CuP tetrahedra and corners with two equivalent OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form distorted OLi3P tetrahedra that share corners with four OLi2CuP tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OLi3P trigonal pyramid. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2TeO3 by Materials Project

Li2TeO3 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Li2TeO3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.03 Å. Te4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.88 Å) and two longer (1.89 Å) Te–O bond length. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Te4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Te4+ atom to form distorted edge-sharing OLi3Te trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one Te4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4P2O7 by Materials Project

Li4P2O7 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.01 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.10 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.65 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.65 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+ and two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd4Sb2I3 by Materials Project

Cd4Sb2I3 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pa-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Sb+2.50- and two equivalent I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.79 Å) and one longer (2.80 Å) Cd–Sb bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.05 Å) and one longer (3.17 Å) Cd–I bond lengths. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Sb+2.50- and three equivalent I1- atoms. The Cd–Sb bond length is 2.78 Å. All Cd–I bond lengths are 2.99 Å. There are two inequivalent Sb+2.50- sites. In the first Sb+2.50- site, Sb+2.50- is bonded to four Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SbCd4 trigonal pyramids. In the second Sb+2.50- site, Sb+2.50- is bonded to three equivalent Cd2+ and one Sb+2.50- atom to form distorted corner-sharing SbCd3Sb tetrahedra. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.83 Å. I1- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd4P2Cl3 by Materials Project

Cd4P2Cl3 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pa-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one P+2.50- and three equivalent Cl1- atoms. The Cd–P bond length is 2.50 Å. All Cd–Cl bond lengths are 2.65 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two P+2.50- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and one longer (2.53 Å) Cd–P bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.75 Å) and one longer (2.85 Å) Cd–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent P+2.50- sites. In the first P+2.50- site, P+2.50- is bonded to three equivalent Cd2+ and one P+2.50- atom to form corner-sharing PCd3P tetrahedra. The P–P bond length is 2.20 Å. In the second P+2.50- site, P+2.50- is bonded to four Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing PCd4 trigonal pyramids. Cl1- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2CO3 by Materials Project

Li2CO3 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.04 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.29 Å) and two longer (1.31 Å) C–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+ and one C4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi3C tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Fe(PO4)2 by Materials Project

Li4Fe(PO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.08 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.09 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.00 Å. Fe2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and two longer (2.03 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.57 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Fe2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Fe2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Fe2+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Fe2+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4P2O7 by Materials Project

Li4P2O7 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.05 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.03 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.01 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.09 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.65 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.65 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Ga(BO3)2 by Materials Project

Li3Ga(BO3)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one GaO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.09 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent GaO4 tetrahedra and corners with three LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.07 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one GaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.31 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form GaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There is three shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (1.92 Å) Ga–O bond length. There are two inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.42 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.41 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one B3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Ga3+, and one B3+ atom to form distorted OLi2GaB trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLi3B trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one OLi2GaB tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ga3+, and one B3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one B3+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi3B trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Ga3+, and one B3+ atom to form distorted OLi2GaB tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent OLi3B trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one OLi2GaB trigonal pyramid. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ga3+, and one B3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2AlBO4 by Materials Project

Li2AlBO4 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.06 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.13 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.81 Å. B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.43 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one B3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Al3+, and one B3+ atom to form distorted OLi2AlB trigonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent OLi3B tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OLi2Al2 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLi2Al2 trigonal pyramid. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one B3+ atom to form distorted OLi3B tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLi3B tetrahedra, corners with five OLi2AlB trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLi2Al2 trigonal pyramid. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two equivalent Al3+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Al2 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLi3B tetrahedra, corners with four OLi2Al2 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OLi3B tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one OLi2AlB trigonal pyramid.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Zn(PO4)2 by Materials Project

Li4Zn(PO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.07 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.06 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.05 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–1.99 Å. Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.97 Å) and three longer (1.98 Å) Zn–O bond length. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.57 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra and corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Zn2+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Zn2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi3P trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Zn2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3P tetrahedra. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Zn2+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Co2(SiO4)2 by Materials Project

Li3Co2(SiO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CoO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.08 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.16 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CoO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. There are two inequivalent Co+2.50+ sites. In the first Co+2.50+ site, Co+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form CoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.91 Å. In the second Co+2.50+ site, Co+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form CoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.03 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.68 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.69 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2CoSi tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2CoSi tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi2CoSi trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi2CoSi tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Co2(SiO4)2 by Materials Project

Li3Co2(SiO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.12 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.19 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CoO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.06 Å. There are two inequivalent Co+2.50+ sites. In the first Co+2.50+ site, Co+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form CoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CoO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–1.98 Å. In the second Co+2.50+ site, Co+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form CoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CoO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.05 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.70 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CoO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.71 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Co+2.50+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi2CoSi trigonal pyramids that share corners with four OLi3Si tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OLi2CoSi tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form OLi2CoSi tetrahedra that share corners with four OLi3Si tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OLi2CoSi trigonal pyramid. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi3Si tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Co+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLiCo2Si tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 by Materials Project

Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.03 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.09 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.23 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+2.50+ sites. In the first Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.06 Å. In the second Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.09 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.67 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.67 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi2MnSi trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2BSbO4 by Materials Project

Li2BSbO4 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent SbO4 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.15 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent SbO4 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.17 Å. B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.44 Å. Sb3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SbO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two equivalent SbO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.37 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one B3+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi3B tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one B3+, and one Sb3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one B3+, and one Sb3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+ and two equivalent Sb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 by Materials Project

Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.10 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.03 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.14 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+2.50+ sites. In the first Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.09 Å. In the second Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.07 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.67 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.67 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLi2MnSi trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 by Materials Project

Li3Mn2(SiO4)2 is Clathrate-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.10 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.19 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.06 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn+2.50+ sites. In the first Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.06 Å. In the second Mn+2.50+ site, Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.07 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.67 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO4 tetrahedra and corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.61–1.68 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form corner-sharing OLi2MnSi tetrahedra. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2MnSi trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2MnSi trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗