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At least 127 records · Page 7

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Electrochemical corrosion under controlled redox conditions

A method for predicting corrosion rates of a material during service conditions is provided, the method having the steps of determining a first phase composition of the material; exposing the material to service conditions chemical environment; applying an electrical potential to the exposed material to represent the solution redox; identifying ranges of the applied potential that correspond to different corrosion behaviors of the material; quantifying current and surface electrical properties during corrosion; and determining a second phase composition of the material to identify corroded phases. Also provided is a method for determining radionuclide source terms, the method having the steps of supplying a multiphase metallic waste containing the radionuclides; immersing the waste in a solution representing repository chemistry conditions; and oxidizing the immersed waste for a period of time and at particular imposed voltages representing solution redox values to establish a steady current representing corrosion rate of the waste.

Gattu, Vineeth Kumar↗

NASA NTRS2014

NASA's Corrosion Technology Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Center: Anticipating, Managing, and Preventing Corrosion

Corrosion is the degradation of a material that results from its interaction with the environment. The marine environment at NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has been documented by ASM International (formerly American Society for Metals) as the most corrosive in the United States. With the introduction of the Space Shuttle in 1981, the already highly corrosive conditions at the launch pads were rendered even more severe by the 70 tons of highly corrosive hydrochloric acid that were generated by the solid rocket boosters. Numerous failures at the launch pads are caused by corrosion.The structural integrity of ground infrastructure and flight hardware is critical to the success, safety, cost, and sustainability of space missions. As a result of fifty years of experience with launch and ground operations in a natural marine environment that is highly corrosive, NASAs Corrosion Technology Laboratory at KSC is a major source of corrosion control expertise in the launch and other environments. Throughout its history, the Laboratory has evolved from what started as an atmospheric exposure facility near NASAs launch pads into a world-wide recognized capability that provides technical innovations and engineering services in all areas of corrosion for NASA and external customers.This presentation will provide a historical overview of the role of NASAs Corrosion Technology in anticipating, managing, and preventing corrosion. One important challenge in managing and preventing corrosion involves the detrimental impact on humans and the environment of what have been very effective corrosion control strategies. This challenge has motivated the development of new corrosion control technologies that are more effective and environmentally friendly. Strategies for improved corrosion protection and durability can have a huge impact on the economic sustainability of human spaceflight operations.

Corrosion↗

NASA NTRS2015

Microencapsulation Technologies for Corrosion Protective Coating Applications

Microencapsulation technologies for functional smart Coatings for autonomous corrosion control have been a research area of strong emphasis during the last decade. This work concerns the development of pH sensitive micro-containers (microparticles and microcapsules) for autonomous corrosion control. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of microencapsulation for corrosion control applications, as well as the technical details of the pH sensitive microcontainer approach, such as selection criteria for corrosion indicators and corrosion inhibitors; the development and optimization of encapsulation methods; function evaluation before and after incorporation of the microcontainers into coatings; and further optimization to improve coating compatibility and performance.

Microencapsulation↗

NASA NTRS2015

Superhydrophobic Post Treatment and Coating Extenders for Improved Asset Sustainability

Launch structures, hardware, and ground support equipment, at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center in Florida, are exposed to a highly corrosive natural coastal marine environment. In addition, during launches, rocket exhaust deposition is also highly corrosive. Superhydrophobic coatings are being considered for additional corrosion protection on existing structures to enhance corrosion resistance and add an additional layer of protection against harsh environmental elements. These coatings have come into their own recently, and are now being investigated as corrosion protective coatings due to their water repelling capability. These coatings can be used on existing coatings, newly coated materials, or used on bare substrates. The coatings are not suitable for permanent corrosion protection, but can be used where additional corrosion control is desired or only when temporary corrosion control is needed, such as in hardware sitting on a launch pad for 30-45 days prior to a launch. In this study, superhydrophobic coatings were applied on various coated and uncoated substrates and exposed to the spaceport environment for various times up to 60 days. This paper highlights the current results of the superhydrophobic coatings performance evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements.

Coating↗

DOE OSTI2018

Technical Note: Characterization of Corrosion Films Formed on Austenitic Stainless Steel in Supercritical CO 2 Containing H 2 O and O 2

Future technologies require structural alloys resistant to corrosion in supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) fluids containing impurities such as H 2 O and O 2 . Traditional pipeline steels are potentially unsuitable for these environments and more corrosion resistant alloys such as stainless steels might be required. Little is known about the corrosion products formed on, and hence the processes which control corrosion of, stainless steels in impure sCO 2 environments. In this study, austenitic stainless steel 347H (UNS S34709) was exposed to sCO 2 containing H 2 O and O 2 at 8 MPa and 50°C or 250°C, and separately to the aqueous phase in equilibrium with the sCO 2 at 50°C, to simulate conditions expected in sCO 2 -based power cycles and carbon capture and storage pipelines. Only thin (< 20 nm) surface films formed after 500 h resulting in small mass changes and corrosion rates < 10 –4 mm/y, suggesting the material resists significant degradation in these environments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the corrosion films in detail. Here, the exposure to the aqueous phase resulted in a thin (< 5 nm) Cr-oxide and/or -hydroxide passive film, while exposure to sCO 2 phases resulted in a multilayer Fe-rich oxide structure characteristic of a gas-phase oxidation process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS1990

Thermal control system corrosion study

During the development of an expert system for autonomous control of the Space Station Thermal Control System (TCS), the thermal performance of the Brassboard TCS began to gradually degrade. This degradation was due to filter clogging by metallic residue. A study was initiated to determine the source of the residue and the basic cause of the corrosion. The investigation focused on the TCS design, materials compatibility, Ames operating and maintenance procedures, and chemical analysis of the residue and of the anhydrous ammonia used as the principal refrigerant. It was concluded that the corrosion mechanisms involved two processes: the reaction of water alone with large, untreated aluminum parts in a high pH environment and the presence of chlorides and chloride salts. These salts will attack the aluminum oxide layer and may enable galvanic corrosion between the aluminum and the more noble stainless steel and other metallic elements present. Recommendations are made for modifications to the system design, the materials used, and the operating and maintenance procedures, which should largely prevent the recurrence of these corrosion mechanisms.

Yee, Robert↗

NASA NTRS1964

Mechanisms in liquid-phase corrosion. b- solution controlled

Solid metal corrosion by liquid metal - solution controlled processes

LIQUID METAL↗

NASA NTRS2015

Characterization of Encapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors for Environmentally Friendly Smart Coatings

The NASA Kennedy Space Center's Corrosion Technology Lab at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, U.S.A. has been developing multifunctional smart coatings based on the microencapsulation of environmentally friendly corrosion indicators, inhibitors and self-healing agents. This allows the incorporation of autonomous corrosion control functionalities, such as corrosion detection and inhibition as well as the self-healing of mechanical damage, into coatings. This paper presents technical details on the characterization of inhibitor-containing particles and their corrosion inhibitive effects using electrochemical and mass loss methods. Three organic environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors were encapsulated in organic microparticles that are compatible with desired coatings. The release of the inhibitors from the microparticles in basic solution was studied. Fast release, for immediate corrosion protection, as well as long-term release for continued protection, was observed. The inhibition efficacy of the inhibitors, incorporated directly and in microparticles, on carbon steel was evaluated. Polarization curves and mass loss measurements showed that, in the case of 2MBT, its corrosion inhibition effectiveness was greater when it was delivered from microparticles.

Corrosion↗

NASA NTRS2002

Corrosion Activities at the NASA Kennedy Space Center

This report documents summer faculty fellow efforts in the corrosion test bed at the NASA Kennedy Space Center. During the summer of 2002 efforts were concentrated on three activities: a short course on corrosion control for KSC personnel, evaluation of commercial wash additives used for corrosion control on Army aircraft, and improvements in the testing of a new cathodic protection system under development at KSC.

Heidersbach, Robert H.↗

DOE OSTI2012

Chemistry control and corrosion mitigation of heat transfer salts for the fluoride salt reactor (FHR)

The Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) was a prototype nuclear reactor which operated from 1965 to 1969 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The MSRE used liquid fluoride salts as a heat transfer fluid and solvent for fluoride based {sup 235}U and {sup 233}U fuel. Extensive research was performed in order to optimize the removal of oxide and metal impurities from the reactor's heat transfer salt, 2LiF-BeF{sub 2} (FLiBe). This was done by sparging a mixture of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen gas through the FLiBe at elevated temperatures. The hydrofluoric acid reacted with oxides and hydroxides, fluorinating them while simultaneously releasing water vapor. Metal impurities such as iron and chromium were reduced by hydrogen gas and filtered out of the salt. By removing these impurities, the corrosion of reactor components was minimized. The Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison is currently researching a new chemical purification process for fluoride salts that make use of a less dangerous cleaning gas, nitrogen trifluoride. Nitrogen trifluoride has been predicted as a superior fluorinating agent for fluoride salts. These purified salts will subsequently be used for static and loop corrosion tests on a variety of reactor materials to ensure materials compatibility for the new FHR designs. Demonstration of chemistry control methodologies along with potential reduction in corrosion is essential for the use of a fluoride salts in a next generator nuclear reactor system. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Pre-Demonstration Development of Controlled-Release Corrosion Inhibitors and Healing Agents as Alternatives to Hexavalent Chromium

This Limited Scope Study was directed to achieve the following objectives: (1) Scale-up of materials that can meet MIL-PRF-23377 (solvent-based primer). (2) Provide evidence of resistance to aircraft alkaline cleaners and deicing fluids. (3) Provide formulation for initial ecological and toxicity screening. (4) Submit an interim report that will provide the basis for a future ESTCP demonstration effort. The encapsulation procedure for two corrosion inhibitors was scaled up from lab scale to 2.0 kg. This scale will accommodate high volume production of coatings with encapsulated corrosion inhibitors for large surface areas during a follow on ESTCP demonstration effort. Test results provided evidence of resistance to alkaline cleaners and aircraft deicing fluids and compliance with MIL-PRF-23377. All the MIL-PRF-23377 requirements were met with the exception of the adhesion requirement, in top coated panels, and the flexibility requirement. Work on solving these two problems will be done prior to validation and demonstration of the technology. An initial ecological and toxicity screening identified several factors that were not critical to the acceptance of the encapsulated corrosion inhibitor. This new technology will lead to environmentally friendly alternatives to hexavalent chromium that will enable DoD to protect its assets. Field demonstration, licensing, qualification, and commercialization will allow its real world utilization.

Alternatives to Hexavalent Chromium, Controlled Re↗

NASA NTRS2015

Smart Multifunctional Coatings for Corrosion Detection and Control in the Aerospace Industry

Nearly all metals and their alloys are subject to corrosion that causes them to lose their structural integrity or other critical functionality. It is essential to detect corrosion when it occurs, and preferably at its early stage, so that action can be taken to avoid structural damage or loss of function. Protective coatings are the most commonly used method of corrosion control. However, progressively stricter environmental regulations have resulted in the ban of many commercially available corrosion protective coatings due to the harmful effects of their solvents or corrosion inhibitors. This work concerns the development of a multifunctional, smart coating for the autonomous control of corrosion. This coating is being developed to have the inherent ability to detect the chemical changes associated with the onset of corrosion and respond autonomously to indicate it and control it.

Corrosion↗

DOE OSTI2013

Impurity control and corrosion resistance of magnesium-aluminum alloy

The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is very sensitive to the contents of impurity elements such as iron. In this study, a series of diecast AXJ530 magnesium alloy samples were prepared with additions of Mn and Fe. Through a comprehensive phase diagram calculation and corrosion evaluation, the mechanisms for the tolerance limit of Fe in magnesium alloy are discussed. This adds a new dimension to control the alloying impurity in terms of alloying composition design and casting conditions.

Liu, M.↗

NASA NTRS2016

Smart Coatings for Corrosion Protection

Coatings↗

NASA NTRS2018

Pre-Demonstration Development of Controlled-Release Corrosion Inhibitors and Healing Agents as Alternatives to Hexavalent Chromium

Alternatives to Hexavalent Chromium↗

DOE OSTI2024

Development and Assessment of Deployed Sensors and Technologies Supporting Molten Salt Loop Operations

During FY24, Argonne conducted a variety of activities to develop and assess new monitoring and control technologies towards enabling long-duration operations of molten salt reactor systems. The first objective of the work completed this year was to deploy technologies capable of reliably and rapidly monitoring the operational health of a molten salt loop. To achieve this, the project focused on specific tasks, including: (1) electroanalytical technique development for use in deployed sensors, and (2) operations of sensors on the Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR) loop at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The second objective of the work this year focused on creating a pumped actinide flow loop to enable long-duration salt chemistry and corrosion studies using uranium-bearing fuel salts. Toward that end, we designed and procured a loop capable of being installed into a radiological glovebox at Argonne. A corrosion control system was also designed for integration into this loop. These combined systems will enable the feasibility of corrosion control and management systems to be investigated with complex chloride fuel salt mixtures.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Multielectrode Array Sensors to Enable Long-Duration Corrosion Monitoring and Control of Concentrating Solar Power Systems

Molten mixtures of MgCl2-KCl-NaCl are promising heat transfer fluid (HTF) candidates for the next generation of concentrating solar power systems (Gen3 CSP), because of their low cost, high decomposition temperature, and favorable heat transfer characteristics. However, if the chemistry of the salts is not properly controlled, molten chlorides can cause corrosion of high-temperature metal alloys, such as Inconel (R), in CSP systems. Here we demonstrate a corrosion monitoring system that can be used to monitor the health of the structural alloys over long durations. The monitoring system includes a multielectrode array voltammetry sensor that measures the redox potential of molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl mixture as well as the presence of corrosion products and impurities. The sensors have been successfully operated in static molten salt environments for long durations, and are capable of detecting corrosion products, such as Cr2+ and Fe2+, quantitatively at low concentrations (i.e., approximately 100 ppm) with less than 4% error.

Concentrated solar power↗

DOE OSTI2018

Controllable corrosion-assisted fabrication of Au–Ag alloyed hollow nanocrystals for highly efficient and environmentally-stable SERS substrates

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with both high activity and long term chemical-stability have been expected in the practical application of the SERS-based detection. In this paper, Au–Ag bimetal nanocrystals are fabricated based on the template-etching reaction in the Ag nanocubes-contained cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) aqueous solution via adding the HAuCl 4 solution. The obtained nanocrystals are Au–Ag alloyed and hollow in structure. Further, it has been found that with the increasing Au/Ag molar ratio, the shape of the alloyed nanocrystals evolve from the truncated nanocubes to the hollow boxes and then nanocages, showing the ever red-shifting surface plasmon resonance from the visible to the infrared region. The formation of the alloyed hollow nanocrystals is attributed to the preferential dissolution of the Ag nanocubes induced by CPC selective adsorption and the three to one galvanic replacement reaction between Ag and Au atoms. Importantly, such Au–Ag alloyed hollow nanocrystals, especially the ones with a low Au/Ag atomic ratio, show both high SERS activity and long term environmental stability compared with pure Ag or Au nanocrystals, and are the ideal candidate for the SERS substrate with practical application value. As a result, this work not only demonstrates the nanofabrication route to the alloyed hollow nanocrystals with controllable shapes and tunable optical properties in a large region, but also presents highly active and chemically-stable SERS substrates for the practical SERS-based detection.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗