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This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site G. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z01 refers to the first height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z05 refers to the fifth height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z04 refers to the fourth height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z03 refers to the third height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains cup anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The cup data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, gust wind speed, vertical wind speed, roll, pitch, latitude, longitude, and altitude. Z02 refers to the second height position of the cup anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains fiber optic distributed temperature system (DTS) data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The DTS data include time stamp, altitude, and temperature measurements.
This dataset contains meteorological data both from the ground and tether termination near the balloon on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The met data include time stamp, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure.
This dataset contains sonic anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site G. The sonic data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, and boom attitude and motion. Z02 refers to the second height position of the sonic anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains sonic anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site G. The sonic data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, and boom attitude and motion. Z01 refers to the first height position of the sonic anemometers mounted on the tethered balloon.
This dataset contains sonic anemometer data deployed on tethered balloon system at AWAKEN site A1. The sonic data include time stamp, wind speed, wind direction, turbulence, and boom attitude and motion.
Gravity waves are a common occurrence in the atmosphere, with a variety of generation mechanisms. Their impact on wind farms has only recently gained attention, with most studies focused on wind farm-induced gravity waves. In this study, the interaction between a wind farm and gravity waves generated by an atmospheric bore event is assessed using multiscale large-eddy simulations. The atmospheric bore is created by a thunderstorm downdraft from a nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS). The associated gravity waves impact the wind resource and power production at a nearby wind farm during the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) in the US southern Great Plains. A two-domain nested setup (Δx=300 and 20 m) is used in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, forced with data from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model, to capture both the formation of the bore and its interaction with individual wind turbines. The MCS is resolved on the large outer domain, where the structure of the bore and the associated gravity waves are found to be especially sensitive to parameterized microphysics processes. On the finer inner domain, gravity wave interactions with individual wind turbines are resolved; wake dynamics are captured using a generalized actuator disk parameterization in WRF. The gravity waves are found to have a strong effect on the atmosphere above the wind farm; however, the effect of the waves is more nuanced closer to the surface where there is additional turbulence, both ambient and wake-generated. Notably, the gravity waves modulate the mesoscale environment by weakening and dissipating the preexisting low-level jet, which reduces hub-height wind speed and hence the simulated power output, which is confirmed by the observed supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) power data. Additionally, the gravity waves induce local wind direction variations correlated with fluctuations in pressure, which lead to fluctuations in the simulated power output as various turbines within the farm are subjected to waking from nearby turbines.
Under controlled conditions in two test rooms, studies were made of the response of sleeping subjects to the stimuli of simulated sonic booms and subsonic jet aircraft noise. Children were relatively nonresponsive to the stimuli. In general, the older the subject, the more likely is behavioral awakening. The response rates to the two types of stimuli were essentially the same. The stimulus intensity had little, if any, effect on frequency of arousal, although other degrees of response did increase.
Sleep patterns were monitored in one subject aboard each of the manned Skylab missions. In all three subjects stage 3 sleep increased during the flight and consistently decreased postflight. Stage REM was elevated, and REM latency decreased in the late postflight period. The number of awakenings remained the same or decreased during flight. No changes were observed which could be expected to adversely affect performance capability.
Nineteen professors of engineering, physical science, social science, and architecture, three volunteers, six students, a technical director, and two co-directors worked for ten weeks to construct a convincing picture of how people might permanently sustain life in space on a large scale, and to design a system for the colonization of space. Because the idea of colonizing space has awakened strong public interest, the document presented is written to be understood by the educated public and specialists in other fields. It also includes considerable background material. A table of units and conversion factors is included to aid the reader in interpreting the units of the metric system used in the report.
The dynamic nature of sleep is reviewed. Research is then presented concerning two fundamental issues: (1) does an individual react differently to auditory sounds when asleep as compared to when the individual is awake and (2) does sleep disruption necessarily involve behavioral awakening?
Wafer level reliability testing has been nurtured in the DARPA supported workshops, held each autumn since 1982. The seeds planted in 1982 have produced an active crop of very large scale integration manufacturers applying wafer level reliability test methods. Computer Aided Reliability (CAR) is a new seed being nurtured. Users are now being awakened by the huge economic value of the wafer reliability testing technology.
A two-phase study was performed on B-747 crew members operating on regular passenger flights with 9-h time difference. In phase I, sleep-log surveys were obtained. The results for the layover period indicate congruent sleep patterns with shifts in sleep onset less than 9 h; sleep duration was prolonged. Phase II consisted of polygraphic sleep recordings and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) applied to four cockpit crews in a baseline period, during the layover, and after return to home base. During the layover, mean bed times were shifted by about 4.5 h, and sleep was disturbed by early and prolonged awakenings which led to a reduction of sleep efficiency. The ECG and rectal temperature recordings gave evidence for a desynchronization of the circadian system and an internal dissociation of different body functions.
Adaptation of sleep and circadian rhythms was examined in three temperate zone dwellers arriving in Antarctica during summer. Rectal temperature, wrist activity, and heart rate were monitored continuously, sleep timing and quality noted on awakening, and mood and fatigue rated every 2 h while awake. Sleep was poorer in 2/3 subjects in Antarctica, where all subjects reported more difficulty rising. Sleep occurred at the same clock times in New Zealand and Antarctica, however, the rhythms of temperature, activity, and heart rate underwent a delay of about of 2 h. The subject with the most Antarctic experience had the least difficulty adapting to sleeping during constant daylight. The subject with the most delayed circadian rhythms had the most difficulty. The delay in the circadian system with respect to sleep and clock time is hypothesized to be due to differences in zeitgeber strength and/or zeitgeber exposure between Antarctica and New Zealand.