Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Alternative Relativity”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

A procedure for the calculation of supersonic flows with strong viscous-inviscid interaction

The present paper is concerned with the calculation of strong viscous-inviscid interactions in two-dimensional laminar supersonic flows with and without separation. The equations solved are the so-called parabolized Navier-Stokes equations. The streamwise pressure gradient term is written as a combination of a forward and a backward difference to provide a path for upstream propagation of information. Global iteration is utilized to repeatedly update the pressure field from an initial guess until convergence is achieved. The numerical scheme employed is a new alternating direction explicit (ADE) procedure which is used as an alternative to the more difficult to program multigrid strategy to accelerate convergence. Results are presented for flows past two flat plate related bodies.

Barnett, M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Robust detection-isolation-accommodation for sensor failures

The results of a one year study to: (1) develop a theory for Robust Failure Detection and Identification (FDI) in the presence of model uncertainty, (2) develop a design methodology which utilizes the robust FDI ththeory, (3) apply the methodology to a sensor FDI problem for the F-100 jet engine, and (4) demonstrate the application of the theory to the evaluation of alternative FDI schemes are presented. Theoretical results in statistical discrimination are used to evaluate the robustness of residual signals (or parity relations) in terms of their usefulness for FDI. Furthermore, optimally robust parity relations are derived through the optimization of robustness metrics. The result is viewed as decentralization of the FDI process. A general structure for decentralized FDI is proposed and robustness metrics are used for determining various parameters of the algorithm.

Weiss, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Performance of redundant disk array organizations in transaction processing environments

A performance evaluation is conducted for two redundant disk-array organizations in a transaction-processing environment, relative to the performance of both mirrored disk organizations and organizations using neither striping nor redundancy. The proposed parity-striping alternative to striping with rotated parity is shown to furnish rapid recovery from failure at the same low storage cost without interleaving the data over multiple disks. Both noncached systems and systems using a nonvolatile cache as the controller are considered.

Mourad, Antoine N.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Mathematical Modeling Of Life-Support Systems

Generic hierarchical model of life-support system developed to facilitate comparisons of options in design of system. Model represents combinations of interdependent subsystems supporting microbes, plants, fish, and land animals (including humans). Generic model enables rapid configuration of variety of specific life support component models for tradeoff studies culminating in single system design. Enables rapid evaluation of effects of substituting alternate technologies and even entire groups of technologies and subsystems. Used to synthesize and analyze life-support systems ranging from relatively simple, nonregenerative units like aquariums to complex closed-loop systems aboard submarines or spacecraft. Model, called Generic Modular Flow Schematic (GMFS), coded in such chemical-process-simulation languages as Aspen Plus and expressed as three-dimensional spreadsheet.

Seshan, Panchalam K.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Controllability of Free-piston Stirling Engine/linear Alternator Driving a Dynamic Load

This paper presents the dynamic behavior of a Free-Piston Stirling Engine/linear alternator (FPSE/LA) driving a single-phase fractional horse-power induction motor. The controllability and dynamic stability of the system are discussed by means of sensitivity effects of variations in system parameters, engine controller, operating conditions, and mechanical loading on the induction motor. The approach used expands on a combined mechanical and thermodynamic formulation employed in a previous paper. The application of state-space technique and frequency domain analysis enhances understanding of the dynamic interactions. Engine-alternator parametric sensitivity studies, similar to those of the previous paper, are summarized. Detailed discussions are provided for parametric variations which relate to the engine controller and system operating conditions. The results suggest that the controllability of a FPSE-based power system is enhanced by proper operating conditions and built-in controls.

Kankam, M. David↗
NASA NTRS2011

Approaches for Tensile Testing of Braided Composites

For angleply composites, lamina tension and compression strengths are commonly determined by applying classical lamination theory to test data obtained from testing of angleply composite specimens. For textile composites such as 2D triaxial braids, analysis is more complex and standard test methods do not always yield reliable strength measurements. This paper describes recent research focused on development of more reliable tensile test methods for braided composites and presents preliminary data for various approaches. The materials investigated in this work have 0deg+/-60 2D triaxial braid architecture with nearly equal fiber volume fraction in each of the three fiber directions. Flat composite panels are fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM) using six layers of the braided preform aligned along the 0deg fiber direction. Various epoxy resins are used as matrix materials. Single layer panels are also fabricated in order to examine local variations in deformation related to the braid architecture. Specimens are cut from these panels in the shape of standard straight-sided coupons, an alternative bowtie geometry, and an alternative notched geometry. Axial tensile properties are measured using specimens loaded along the 0deg fiber direction. Transverse tensile properties are measured using specimens loaded perpendicular to the 0deg fibers. Composite tubes are also fabricated by RTM. These tubes are tested by internal pressurization using a soft rubbery material sealed between the inside diameter of the tube and the load fixtures. The ends of the tube are unconstrained, so the primary load is in the hoop direction. Tubes are fabricated with the 0deg fibers aligned along the tube axis by overbraiding the preform on a mandrel. Since the loading is in the hoop direction, testing of the overbraided tube provides a measure of transverse tensile strength. Previous work has indicated that straight-sided coupons yield a transverse tensile strength that is much lower than the expected material strength because of premature edge-initiated failure. Full-field strain measured during transverse tensile tests clearly showed accumulation of edge damage prior to failure. In the current work, high speed video and testing of single layer specimens are used to investigate potential failure mechanisms in more detail. High speed video clearly shows the edge initiation in six layer transverse tensile test coupons. Specimens with the bowtie geometry and the notched geometry minimize this edge effect and yield significantly higher transverse tensile strength values compared to the straight-sided coupons. However, bowtie and notched specimens geometries are not ideal because of the non-uniform stress and strain fields in the region of failure. Testing of tubes using internal pressurization eliminates edge-initiated failure and provides a more uniform state of stress and strain. Preliminary results indicate that bowtie, notched, and tube specimens yield comparable values for transverse tensile strength and that these values are much higher than the strength measured using a straight-sided coupon.

Roberts, Gary D.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Preparation for Pick-and-Eat Food Production on the International Space Station: Flight Definition for the VEG-04 and VEG-05 Missions

Growth of fresh, nutritious, palatable produce for crew consumption during spaceflight may provide health-promoting, bioavailable nutrients and enhance the dietary experience as we move toward longer-duration missions. Tending plants also may serve as a countermeasure for crew psychological stresses associated with long duration spaceflight. However, requirements to support consistent growth of a variety of high quality, nutritious crops under spaceflight environmental conditions is unknown. This study is exploring the potential to grow plants for food production on the International Space Station (ISS) using the Veggie vegetable production system. Ground testing is underway to compare the impacts of several fertilizer and lighting treatments on growth, quality, and nutritional composition of the leafy green crop mizuna, and the dwarf tomato crop Red Robin when subjected to Veggie ISS environmental conditions. Early testing focused on the leafy crop Tokyo Bekana Chinese cabbage, but ground tests indicated that this plant suffered from stress responses when grown under LEDs and the chronically elevated CO2 levels found on the ISS. Mizuna, a related leafy variety that grows well in the presence of high CO2, and has excellent organoleptic characteristics, was selected as an alternate crop. Tomato crops have been grown using two fertilizer formulations and two pollination techniques, and growth tests using different red:blue lighting environments are underway. Chemical analysis is also being conducted and these data, when coupled with the growth results, will be used to down-select to the two best lighting treatments and best fertilizer treatment for future testing of each crop on the ISS. Additionally, seed-source testing has become important, with mizuna seeds from two different vendors growing very differently. A seed source has been selected, and seed-surface-sanitizing methods have been confirmed for mizuna, but these remain under development for tomato. A crop-handling protocol is also being evaluated to support food safety. All harvests reserve a subset of samples for microbial analysis to determine baseline microbial levels and help establish critical control points for food safety. Testing was initially conducted in hardware analogs of the standard Veggie plant pillows. However, a new Veggie watering system, the Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System or PONDS, has been designed and is being prepared for future flight experiments. With the selection of this growth system, ground tests have shifted to analog PONDS systems. Crop tests on ISS, designated VEG-04 for mizuna and VEG-05 for tomato, are planned in 2018 to evaluate any additional impacts of spaceflight on the light and fertilizer conditions down-selected from ground tests. A set of Veggie-specific questions has been developed to characterize the psychological impacts of plant growth and plant-care activities during spaceflight. Organoleptic questionnaires have been developed to assess produce attributes in microgravity taste sessions. These tests for plants growing in the Veggie hardware on ISS will help to mitigate the risk of an inadequate food supply for long duration missions by developing methods and determining hardware requirements to integrate fresh vegetables as a dietary supplement. This research was co-funded by the Human Research Program and Space Biology (MTL1075) in the ILSRA 2015 NRA call.

Veggie↗
NASA NTRS2018

Preparation for Pick-and-Eat Food Production on the International Space Station: Flight Definition for the VEG-04 and VEG-05 Missions

Growth of fresh, nutritious, palatable produce for crew consumption during spaceflight may provide health-promoting, bioavailable nutrients and enhance the dietary experience as we move toward longer-duration missions. Tending plants also may serve as a countermeasure for crew psychological stresses associated with long duration spaceflight. However, requirements to support consistent growth of a variety of high quality, nutritious crops under spaceflight environmental conditions is unknown. This study is exploring the potential to grow plants for food production on the International Space Station (ISS) using the Veggie vegetable production system. Ground testing is underway to compare the impacts of several fertilizer and lighting treatments on growth, quality, and nutritional composition of the leafy green crop mizuna, and the dwarf tomato crop "Red Robin" when subjected to Veggie ISS environmental conditions. Early testing focused on the leafy crop "Tokyo Bekana" Chinese cabbage, but ground tests indicated that this plant suffered from stress responses when grown under LEDs and the chronically elevated CO2 levels found on the ISS. Mizuna, a related leafy variety that grows well in the presence of high CO2, and has excellent organoleptic characteristics, was selected as an alternate crop. Tomato crops have been grown using two fertilizer formulations and two pollination techniques, and growth tests using different red:blue lighting environments are underway. Chemical analysis is also being conducted and these data, when coupled with the growth results, will be used to down-select to the two best lighting treatments and best fertilizer treatment for future testing of each crop on the ISS. Additionally, seed-source testing has become important, with mizuna seeds from two different vendors growing very differently. A seed source has been selected, and seed-surface-sanitizing methods have been confirmed for mizuna, but these remain under development for tomato. A crop-handling protocol is also being evaluated to support food safety. All harvests reserve a subset of samples for microbial analysis to determine baseline microbial levels and help establish critical control points for food safety. Testing was initially conducted in hardware analogs of the standard Veggie plant pillows. However, a new Veggie watering system, the Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System or PONDS, has been designed and is being prepared for future flight experiments. With the selection of this growth system, ground tests have shifted to analog PONDS systems. Crop tests on ISS, designated VEG-04 for mizuna and VEG-05 for tomato, are planned in 2018 to evaluate any additional impacts of spaceflight on the light and fertilizer conditions down-selected from ground tests. A set of Veggie-specific questions has been developed to characterize the psychological impacts of plant growth and plant-care activities during spaceflight. Organoleptic questionnaires have been developed to assess produce attributes in microgravity taste sessions. These tests for plants growing in the Veggie hardware on ISS will help to mitigate the risk of an inadequate food supply for long duration missions by developing methods and determining hardware requirements to integrate fresh vegetables as a dietary supplement. This research was co-funded by the Human Research Program and Space Biology (MTL#1075) in the ILSRA 2015 NRA call.

LED light↗
DOE OSTI2025

SPC-71260 Rev 0 MARVEL Heat Extraction Subsystem Secondary Coolant Equipment (SCE) Design/Build

A. The Microreactor Applications Research Validation and Evaluation (MARVEL) reactor will offer experimental capabilities that are not currently available at DOE’s national laboratories. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) (Contractor hereafter) is procuring services for the design, analysis, fabrication, testing and delivery of a Secondary Coolant Equipment system (SCE). This specification contains the requirements for design, analysis, fabrication, testing and delivery of the SCE as described herein. The MARVEL reactor is a microreactor which uses eutectic sodium-potassium alloy (NaK) as a primary coolant. The primary coolant is circulated through four primary loops by natural convection of the coolant. In each loop is a closed well which will accommodate an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) for extracting heat from the loop. These wells will be referred to in this specification as the “IHX wells.” It is intended for the IHX containment to also be filled with NaK. The MARVEL design team has determined that a Heat Extraction System (HES) using pumped NaK will be used to extract heat from the IHXs and deliver it to a downstream system for power generation or alternate process heat users. This Heat Extraction System will enable MARVEL operations including the ability to test, demonstrate, and address issues related to installation, startup, and operations. In addition, it will allow down-stream utilization of process heat for various uses. The objective of this specification is to develop the final design for the HES Secondary Coolant Equipment system (SCE) that will be used as the core of the HES. This system provides control of the NaK circulation between the MARVEL reactor and the subsequent process heat utilization systems. It does not include design of the Intermediate Heat Exchangers and piping inside the T-REXc pit in which the reactor is located. B. The MARVEL microreactor will be installed in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) building in the Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Micro-Reactor Experiment Cell (T-REXc) C. An INL Subcontractor has developed a conceptual design for this system per SPC-71145, referred to in that specification as the Process Heat Extraction System. SPC-71260 is based on the pumped NaK loop concept developed under SPC-71145. D. The SCE system design and (as option scope) fabrication shall be provided by the awardee of the subcontract (Subcontractor hereafter) pertaining to this Specification. Prior to shipment, the SCE will be fabricated, assembled, and tested at the Subcontractor’s facility. After successful completion of acceptance testing, the SCE and associated equipment will be shipped to the Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) at the INL (Contractor’s Facility hereafter) to be installed by others in TREAT/T-REXc.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2016

Centrosymmetry vs noncentrosymmetry in La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} based on the interesting size effects of lanthanides: Syntheses, crystal structures, and optical properties

Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared from stoichiometric elements at 1223 K in an evacuated silica tube. Interestingly, La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} crystallizes in the centrosymmetric structure, while Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric structure, which show obvious size effects of lanthanides on the crystal structures of these two compounds. Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} belongs to RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type with a=13.8834(9) Å, b=14.3004(11) Å, c=14.4102(13) Å, V=2861.0(4) Å{sup 3}. The structure features infinite chains of [Ga{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}S{sub 11}{sup 10–}]{sub ∞} propagating along a direction separated by Ce{sup 3+} cations and S{sup 2−} anions. La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} adopts the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure with a=7.5193(6) Å, c=13.4126(17) Å, V=758.35(13) Å{sup 3}. Its structure is built up from the alternate stacking of La/Sb/S and La/Ga/S 2D building blocks. The La/Sb/S slabs consist of teeter-totter chains of Sb1S{sub 4} seesaws, which are connected via sharing the apexes of μ{sub 4}-S1. Moreover, La1 is positionally disordered with Sb1 and stabilized in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. Between these La/Sb/S slabs, La2S{sub 8} square antiprisms are connected via edge-sharing into 2D building blocks, creating tetrahedral sites partially occupied by the Ga1 atoms. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy study shows that the optical gap of La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} is about 1.76 eV. - Graphical abstract: Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared by solid-state reactions. Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type, while La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} belongs to the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure and exhibits an optical gap of 1.76 eV. - Highlights: • Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared by solid-state reaction. • Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type, while La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} belongs to the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure. • The optical gap of 1.76 eV for La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} was deduced from UV/Vis reflectance spectroscopy.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Market Implications of Alternative Operating Reserve Modeling in Wholesale Electricity Markets

Pricing and settlement mechanisms are crucial for efficient resource allocation, investment incentives, market competition, and regulatory oversight. In the United States, Regional Transmission Operators (RTOs) adopts a uniform pricing scheme that hinges on the marginal costs of supplying additional electricity. This study investigates the pricing and settlement impacts of alternative reserve constraint modeling, highlighting how even slight variations in the modeling of constraints can drastically alter market clearing prices, reserve quantities, and revenue outcomes. Focusing on the diverse market designs and assumptions in ancillary services by U.S. RTOs, particularly in relation to capacity sharing and reserve substitutions, the research examines four distinct models that combine these elements based on a large-scale synthetic power system test data. Our study provides a critical insight into the economic implications and the underlying factors of these alternative reserve constraints through market simulations and data analysis.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1977

Introductory assessment of orbiting reflections for terrestrial power generation

The use of orbiting mirrors for providing energy to ground conversion stations to produce electrical power is shown to be a viable, cost effective and environmentally sound alternative to satellite solar power stations and conventional power sources. This is accomplished with the use of very light weight metal coated polymeric films as mirrors which, after deployment at 800 km, are placed in operational orbit and controlled by solar radiation pressure. Relations are developed showing the influence of a number of parameters (mirror altitude, orbit inclination, period, mirror size and number, and atmospheric effects) on the reflected insolation that may be received by a ground spot as a function of location. Some attractive alternative uses of the reflection are briefly discussed as a beneficial adjuncts to the system.

Billman, K. W.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Strobe Traffic Lights Warn of Approaching Emergency Vehicles

Strobe-enhanced traffic signals have been developed to aid in the preemption of road intersections for emergency vehicles. The strobe-enhanced traffic signals can be incorporated into both new and pre-existing traffic-control systems in which the traffic-signal heads are of a relatively new type based on arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The strobe-enhanced traffic signals offer a less expensive, less complex alternative to a recently developed system of LED-based warning signs placed next to traffic signals. Because of its visual complexity, the combination of traffic signals and warning signs is potentially confusing to motorists. The strobe-enhanced traffic signals present less visual clutter. In a given traffic-signal head, the strobe-enhanced traffic signal is embedded in the red LED array of the stop signal. Two strobe LED strips one horizontal and one vertical are made capable of operating separately from the rest of the red LED matrix. When no emergency vehicle is approaching, the red LED array functions as a normal stop signal: all the red LEDs are turned on and off together. When the intersection is to be preempted for an approaching emergency vehicle, only the LEDs in one of the strobe strips are lit, and are turned on in a sequence that indicates the direction of approach. For example (see figure), if an emergency vehicle approaches from the right, the strobe LEDs are lit in a sequence moving from right to left. Important to the success of strobe-enhanced traffic signals is conformance to city ordinances and close relation to pre-existing traffic standards. For instance, one key restriction is that new icons must not include arrows, so that motorists will not confuse new icons with conventional arrows that indicate allowed directions of movement. It is also critical that new displays like strobe-enhanced traffic signals be similar to displays used in traffic-control systems in large cities. For example, Charleston, South Carolina uses horizontal strobes on red traffic lights to alert motorists and thereby help motorists not to miss red lights. The one significant potential disadvantage of strobe-enhanced traffic lights is initial unfamiliarity on the part of motorists.

Bachelder, Aaron↗
DOE OSTI2014

USU Alternative and Unconventional Energy Research and Development

The purpose and rationale of this project has been to develop enduring research capabilities at Utah State University (USU) and the Utah State University Research Foundation (USURF) in a number of energy efficient and renewable energy areas including primarily a) algae energy systems, b) solar lighting, c) intuitive buildings, d) electric transportation, 3) unconventional energy environmental monitoring and beneficial reuse technologies (water and CO 2 ), f) wind energy profiling, and g) land use impacts. The long-term goal of this initiative has been to create high-wage jobs in Utah and a platform for sustained faculty and student engagement in energy research. The program’s objective has been to provide a balanced portfolio of R&D conducted by faculty, students, and permanent staff. This objective has been met. While some of the project’s tasks met with more success than others, as with any research project of this scope, overall the research has contributed valuable technical insight and broader understanding in key energy related areas. The algae energy systems research resulted in a highly productive workforce development enterprise as it graduated a large number of well prepared students entering alternative energy development fields and scholarship. Moreover, research in this area has demonstrated both the technological and economic limitations and tremendous potential of algae feedstock-based energy and co-products. Research conducted in electric transportation, specifically in both stationary and dynamic wireless inductive coupling charging technologies, has resulted in impactful advances. The project initiated the annual Conference on Electric Roads and Vehicles (http://www.cervconference.org/), which is growing and attracts more than 100 industry experts and scholars. As a direct result of the research, the USU/USURF spin-out startup, WAVE (Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification), continues work in wirelessly charged bus transit systems and is poised to quickly become a multi-million dollar company with clients around the globe. Moreover, USU students and researchers alike are now on the leading edge of the electrified transportation workforce. Finally, the legacy of this DOE investment in electric transportation is continuing at USU with the formation in progress of an industry sponsored research center built around the Electric Roadway and Vehicle (EVR) research facility and test track (http://evr.usu.edu). The research conducted in unconventional energy environmental monitoring and beneficial reuse technologies experienced broad success developing experimental and modeling tools and implementing those tools to better understand environmental impacts of industrial processes used in unconventional energy development in the Utah’s Uintah Basin. Before this project began the USU Uintah Basin branch campus had minimal capability to perform this regionally critical environmental research. This research investment enabled monitoring and modeling equipment and expertise to assess impacts of energy development to all aspects of environmental quality. Laboratory capability for environmental analysis has been developed and engaged along with field testing at multiple locations. Successful campaigns to measure greenhouse gas and hydrocarbon emissions from produced water surface impoundments and leakage from subsurface oil and gas infrastructure were executed. A computer model of meteorological conditions during winter inversion episodes was created, and commercialization efforts are underway for those models. Finally, in the past 24 months, nearly $2 million in non- DOE external funding from state, local, federal and private entities has been awarded to USU Uintah Basin to continue and add to work and capability established by this task. The preceding examples represent a few highlights resulting from the USU Alternative and Unconventional Energy Research and Development project. The following report provides further detail.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

EMT-related protein expression in polyploid giant cancer cells and their daughter cells with different passages after triptolide treatment

Our previous work has demonstrated that paclitaxel can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming ovarian cancer epithelial cells to a benign fibroblastic state via epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Here, triptolide (TPL) was used to treat the breast and ovarian cancer lines. The morphologic characteristics and EMT-related protein expression were studied in different generation of cancer cells after TPL treatment. When BT-549 and HEY cells reached 80–90% confluence, TPL was added to BT-549 for 48 h and HEY for 9 h at a concentration of 40 ng/ml. Scattered PGCCs survived from TPL treatment and generated daughter cells, and then were cultured in medium without TPL for at least ten generation. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining were performed to detect the expression levels and subcellular location of EMT-related proteins in control cells and different generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with daughter cells. Furthermore, wound-healing, transwell, cell counting kit-8, and MTT assay were used to compare the alternation of migration, invasion, and proliferation among control cells and different generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with daughter cells. Scattered PGCCs survived from the treatment of TPL and produced small-sized daughter cells 20–30 days after treatment. Compared to the control cells, the first generation of TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells differentially expressed EMT-related proteins including fibronectin, E-cadherin, vimentin, and Twist, and had lower migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. The abilities of migration, invasion, and proliferation of TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells gradually enhanced as the passages increasing, and markedly exceeded the control cells in the tenth generation. TPL-induced PGCCs with their daughter cells gradually obtain the abilities of invasion and metastasis in vitro as the number of passage increasing, which can be used to mimick the cancer cells subjected to anti-cancer drugs in vivo and may provide some new insights to explore the mechanism of cancer invasion, metastasis and relapse after chemotherapy.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Safety-Related Instrumentation and Control Pilot Upgrade: Conceptual - Detailed Design Phase Report and Lessons Learned

Historically, regulatory barriers have precluded nuclear plant safety-related (SR) Instrumentation and Control (I&C) system modernizations. These barriers have been largely addressed by industry and United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) efforts, including development of the License Amendment Request (LAR) Alternate Review (AR) process for digital I&C upgrades. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) are supporting a SR I&C pilot upgrade at the Limerick Generating Station (LGS) to demonstrate this process and capturing associated lessons learned for the benefit of industry. In 2021, a paper summarizing lessons learned as captured in INL/EXT-20-59809, Safety Related Instrumentation & Control Pilot Upgrade Initial Scoping Phase Implementation Report and Lessons Learned was presented at the 12th NPIC & HMIT conference. It is recommended that readers of this paper review reference 1 or the associated Nuclear Journal paper for context. This paper summarizes activities performed and lessons learned for the conceptual design phase and portions of the detailed design phase as captured in INL/RPT-23-XXXX, “Safety-Related Instrumentation and Control Pilot Upgrade: Conceptual - Detailed Design Phase Report and Lessons Learned.” The portions of the effort covered by reference 2 include conceptual design phase activities from December 2020, through completion in November 2021, and detailed design activities through September 2022. These efforts and associated detailed documentation in reference 3 are intended to support similar industry upgrades as a foundation stone for a Digital Transformation that will improve plant safety, reliability, and operational performance while lowering plant total cost of ownership.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Effects of weather on the retrieval of sea ice concentration and ice type from passive microwave data

Effects of wind, water vapor, and cloud liquid water on ice concentration and ice type calculated from passive microwave data are assessed through radiative transfer calculations and observations. These weather effects can cause overestimates in ice concentration and more substantial underestimates in multi-year ice percentage by decreasing polarization and by decreasing the gradient between frequencies. The effect of surface temperature and air temperature on the magnitudes of weather-related errors is small for ice concentration and substantial for multiyear ice percentage. The existing weather filter in the NASA Team Algorithm addresses only weather effects over open ocean; the additional use of local open-ocean tie points and an alternative weather correction for the marginal ice zone can further reduce errors due to weather. Ice concentrations calculated using 37 versus 18 GHz data show little difference in total ice covered area, but greater differences in intermediate concentration classes. Given the magnitude of weather-related errors in ice classification from passive microwave data, corrections for weather effects may be necessary to detect small trends in ice covered area and ice type for climate studies.

Maslanik, J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multi-messenger EOS constraints using binary NS mergers

Though nearly five decades in the making, the opening mark of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has only just now sounded. This novel field holds great scientific promise in the upcoming years, and yet already with a single binary NS merger event — it has managed to deliver results beyond our hopes and expectations. A primary factor in this success is the fact that this first binary NS merger, GW170817, was successfully followed up and detected in wavelengths spanning the observable electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. This ‘multi-messenger’ view of binary NS mergers opens new windows of opportunity for maximizing the scientific return from these events, and has facilitated constraints on physics ranging from cosmology, to general relativity, and nuclear physics. In the following I review constraints on the equation of state (EOS) of dense nuclear matter which can be obtained from multi-messenger analyses of binary NS mergers, showing that these are complementary to alternative approaches of constraining the EOS using GW data alone, and summarizing the main results arising from GW170817.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗