Voltage regulator with plural parallel power source sections Patent
Dissipative voltage regulator system for minimizing heat dissipation
Binckley, W. G.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Inertial navigation system using three TDF gyroscopic sensors not jointly mounted on a stable platform
An inertial navigation system is described and analyzed based on two two-degree-of-freedom Schuler-gyropendulums and one two-degree-of-freedom azimuth gyro. The three sensors, each base motion isolated about its two input axes, are mounted on a common base, strapped down to the vehicle. The up and down pointing spin vectors of the two properly tuned gyropendulums track the vertical and indicate physically their velocity with respect to inertial space. The spin vector of the azimuth gyro is pointing northerly parallel to the earth axis. The system can be made self-aligning on a stationary base. If external measurements for the north direction and the vertical are available, initial disturbance torques can be measured and easily biased out. The error analysis shows that the system is practicable with today's technology.
Stieler, B.↗
Preliminary Human-in-the-Loop Assessment of Procedures for Very-Closely-Spaced Parallel Runways
Demand in the future air transportation system concept is expected to double or triple by 2025 [1]. Increasing airport arrival rates will help meet the growing demand that could be met with additional runways but the expansion airports is met with environmental challenges for the surrounding communities when using current standards and procedures. Therefore, changes to airport operations can improve airport capacity without adding runways. Building additional runways between current ones, or moving them closer, is a potential solution to meeting the increasing demand, as addressed by the Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept (TACEC). TACEC requires robust technologies and procedures that need to be tested such that operations are not compromised under instrument meteorological conditions. The reduction of runway spacing for independent simultaneous operations dramatically exacerbates the criticality of wake vortex incursion and the calculation of a safe and proper breakout maneuver. The study presented here developed guidelines for such operations by performing a real-time, human-in-the-loop simulation using precision navigation, autopilot-flown approaches, with the pilot monitoring aircraft spacing and the wake vortex safe zone during the approach.
Verma, Savita↗
Micro spectrometer for parallel light and method of use
A spectrometer system includes an optical assembly for collimating light, a micro-ring grating assembly having a plurality of coaxially-aligned ring gratings, an aperture device defining an aperture circumscribing a target focal point, and a photon detector. An electro-optical layer of the grating assembly may be electrically connected to an energy supply to change the refractive index of the electro-optical layer. Alternately, the gratings may be electrically connected to the energy supply and energized, e.g., with alternating voltages, to change the refractive index. A data recorder may record the predetermined spectral characteristic. A method of detecting a spectral characteristic of a predetermined wavelength of source light includes generating collimated light using an optical assembly, directing the collimated light onto the micro-ring grating assembly, and selectively energizing the micro-ring grating assembly to diffract the predetermined wavelength onto the target focal point, and detecting the spectral characteristic using a photon detector.
Park, Yeonjoon↗
A closed-loop automatic control system for high-intensity acoustic test systems.
Sound at sound pressure levels in the range from 130 to 160 dB is used in the investigation. Random noise is passed through a series of parallel filters, generally 1/3-octave wide. A basic automatic system is investigated because of preadjustment inaccuracies and high costs found in a study of a typical manually controlled acoustic testing system. The unit described has been successfully used in automatic acoustic tests in connection with the spacecraft tests for the Mariner 1971 program.
Slusser, R. A.↗
Totally parallel multilevel algorithms
Four totally parallel algorithms for the solution of a sparse linear system have common characteristics which become quite apparent when they are implemented on a highly parallel hypercube such as the CM2. These four algorithms are Parallel Superconvergent Multigrid (PSMG) of Frederickson and McBryan, Robust Multigrid (RMG) of Hackbusch, the FFT based Spectral Algorithm, and Parallel Cyclic Reduction. In fact, all four can be formulated as particular cases of the same totally parallel multilevel algorithm, which are referred to as TPMA. In certain cases the spectral radius of TPMA is zero, and it is recognized to be a direct algorithm. In many other cases the spectral radius, although not zero, is small enough that a single iteration per timestep keeps the local error within the required tolerance.
Frederickson, Paul O.↗
Precise time and time interval applications to electric power systems
There are many applications of precise time and time interval (frequency) in operating modern electric power systems. Many generators and customer loads are operated in parallel. The reliable transfer of electrical power to the consumer partly depends on measuring power system frequency consistently in many locations. The internal oscillators in the widely dispersed frequency measuring units must be syntonized. Elaborate protection and control systems guard the high voltage equipment from short and open circuits. For the highest reliability of electric service, engineers need to study all control system operations. Precise timekeeping networks aid in the analysis of power system operations by synchronizing the clocks on recording instruments. Utility engineers want to reproduce events that caused loss of service to customers. Precise timekeeping networks can synchronize protective relay test-sets. For dependable electrical service, all generators and large motors must remain close to speed synchronism. The stable response of a power system to perturbations is critical to continuity of electrical service. Research shows that measurement of the power system state vector can aid in the monitoring and control of system stability. If power system operators know that a lightning storm is approaching a critical transmission line or transformer, they can modify operating strategies. Knowledge of the location of a short circuit fault can speed the re-energizing of a transmission line. One fault location technique requires clocks synchronized to one microsecond. Current research seeks to find out if one microsecond timekeeping can aid and improve power system control and operation.
Robert E. Wilson↗
Effects of error sources on the parallelism of an optical matrix-vector processor
The error sources in a high accuracy optical matrix-vector processor are analyzed by numerical simulation in terms of their effects on the parallelism and speed of the processor. These effects are detailed for radices -2, -4 and -8. Radix -4 is shown to provide maximum parallel processing capabilities under the effects of the system's error sources. Processing speed is shown to be a function of matrix partitioning and the number of parallel processing channels. Consequently, radix -4 operation provides a higher processing speed than radix -2 and -8 for most matrix-vector multiplications when error source effects are considered.
Perlee, Caroline J.↗
Block iterative restoration of astronomical images with the massively parallel processor
A method is described for algebraic image restoration capable of treating astronomical images. For a typical 500 x 500 image, direct algebraic restoration would require the solution of a 250,000 x 250,000 linear system. The block iterative approach is used to reduce the problem to solving 4900 121 x 121 linear systems. The algorithm was implemented on the Goddard Massively Parallel Processor, which can solve a 121 x 121 system in approximately 0.06 seconds. Examples are shown of the results for various astronomical images.
Heap, Sara R.↗
Fast and robust all-electron density functional theory calculations in solids using orthogonalized enriched finite elements
Here, we present a computationally efficient approach to perform systematically convergent real-space all-electron Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations for solids using an enriched finite element (FE) basis. The enriched FE basis is constructed by augmenting the classical FE basis with atom-centered numerical basis functions, comprising of atomic solutions to the Kohn-Sham problem. Notably, to improve the conditioning, we orthogonalize the enrichment functions with respect to the classical FE basis, without sacrificing the locality of the resultant basis. In addition to improved conditioning, this orthogonalization procedure also renders the overlap matrix block diagonal, greatly simplifying its inversion. Subsequently, we use a Chebyshev polynomial based filtering technique to efficiently compute the occupied eigenspace in each self-consistent field iteration. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach on periodic unit cells and supercells. The benchmark studies show a staggering 130× speedup of the orthogonalized enriched FE basis over the classical FE basis. We also present a comparison of the orthogonalized enriched FE basis with the linearized augmented plane-wave + local orbitals basis, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Notably, we demonstrate that the orthogonalized enriched FE basis can handle large system sizes of ~10 000 electrons. Finally, we observe good parallel scalability of our implementation with 92% efficiency at 22× speedup for a system with 620 electrons
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Design of a Multi-Chemistry Battery Pack System for Behind-the-Meter Storage Applications
Battery management systems (BMS) are essential for a battery pack's safe operation and longevity. This paper presents an active balancing method-based BMS for different cell chemistry structures to be used in behind-the-meter storage (BTMS) applications. The proposed system utilizes modular isolated dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converters to actively balance the battery pack through a low voltage (LV) bus. A supervisory controller monitors all the cell voltage, current, and state of charge (SOC) values. Based on the estimation of the SOCs, reference currents for the DAB converters are generated by the supervisory controller. Detailed modeling and the control approach of the modular DAB converters are presented in the paper. Moreover, the control strategy of the supervisory control is also analyzed. The proposed method and structure can be extended to any combination of the number of cells to design the battery pack. Simulation results are provided for a system consisting of three cells in parallel to form a cell block and three cell blocks in series to form the battery module. Experimental results are provided for three modular DAB converters operating with a LiFeMnPO4 prismatic cell with 3.2V, 20Ah rated values.
battery management systems↗
Study of diamond film growth and properties
The objective was to study diamond film growth and its properties in order to enhance the laser damage threshold of substrate materials. Calculations were performed to evaluate laser induced thermal stress parameter, R(sub T) of diamond. It is found that diamond has several orders of magnitude higher in value for R(sub T) compared to other materials. Thus, the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of diamond is much higher. Diamond films were grown using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system at various conditions of gas composition, pressure, temperature, and substrate materials. A 0.5 percent CH4 in H2 at 20 torr were ideal conditions for growing of high quality diamond films on substrates maintained at 900 C. The diamond films were polycrystalline which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The top surface of the growing film is always rough due to the facets of polycrystalline film while the back surface of the film replicates the substrate surface. An analytical model based on two dimensional periodic heat flow was developed to calculate the effective in-plane (face parallel) diffusivity of a two layer system. The effective diffusivity of diamond/silicon samples was measured using a laser pulse technique. The thermal conductivity of the films was measured to be 13.5 W/cm K, which is better than that of a type Ia natural diamond. Laser induced damage experiments were performed on bare Si substrates, diamond film coated Si, and diamond film windows. Significant improvements in the LIDT were obtained for diamond film coated Si compared to the bare Si.
Albin, Sacharial↗
A Comparative Propulsion System Analysis for the High-Speed Civil Transport
Six of the candidate propulsion systems for the High-Speed Civil Transport are the turbojet, turbine bypass engine, mixed flow turbofan, variable cycle engine, Flade engine, and the inverting flow valve engine. A comparison of these propulsion systems by NASA's Glenn Research Center, paralleling studies within the aircraft industry, is presented. This report describes the Glenn Aeropropulsion Analysis Office's contribution to the High-Speed Research Program's 1993 and 1994 propulsion system selections. A parametric investigation of each propulsion cycle's primary design variables is analytically performed. Performance, weight, and geometric data are calculated for each engine. The resulting engines are then evaluated on two airframer-derived supersonic commercial aircraft for a 5000 nautical mile, Mach 2.4 cruise design mission. The effects of takeoff noise, cruise emissions, and cycle design rules are examined.
Berton, Jeffrey J.↗
A real-time blade element helicopter simulation for handling qualities analysis
A simulation model which utilizes parallel processing platforms is described in terms of its contributions to improved real-time helicopter simulation. The FLIGHTLAB parallel processing environment is explained, and the relative advantages of the blade element and rotor map models for rigid and elastic articulated blades are discussed. A UH-60 simulation is conducted by means of a rigid model with 14 degrees of freedom, as well as an elastic model with 26 degrees of freedom, to compare trim conditions, longitudinal static margins, and longitudinal and lateral frequency responses. The FLIGHTLAB system is shown to facilitate restructuring for parallel processing as well as the systematic comparison of a variety of models. The system can facilitate the comparison of rigid and elastic blade element rotor models at NASA-Ames and other research facilities.
Du Val, Ronald W.↗
A memory-driven mapping algorithm for heterogeneous systems
mpibind is a memory-driven algorithm to map parallel hybrid applications to the underlying hardware resources transparently, efficiently, and portably. There are two fundamental aspects of this algorithm. First, unlike existing mappings, its primary design point is the memory system. Compute elements are selected based on the identified memory components and not vice versa. Second, it embodies a global awareness of hybrid programming abstractions as well as heterogeneous devices.
Leon Borja, EdgarA↗
The science of computing - The evolution of parallel processing
The present paper is concerned with the approaches to be employed to overcome the set of limitations in software technology which impedes currently an effective use of parallel hardware technology. The process required to solve the arising problems is found to involve four different stages. At the present time, Stage One is nearly finished, while Stage Two is under way. Tentative explorations are beginning on Stage Three, and Stage Four is more distant. In Stage One, parallelism is introduced into the hardware of a single computer, which consists of one or more processors, a main storage system, a secondary storage system, and various peripheral devices. In Stage Two, parallel execution of cooperating programs on different machines becomes explicit, while in Stage Three, new languages will make parallelism implicit. In Stage Four, there will be very high level user interfaces capable of interacting with scientists at the same level of abstraction as scientists do with each other.
Denning, P. J.↗
An in situ shearing x-ray measurement system for exploring structures and dynamics at the solid–liquid interface
Revealing interfacial structure and dynamics has been one of the essential thematic topics in material science and condensed matter physics. Synchrotron-based x-ray scattering techniques can deliver unique and insightful probing of interfacial structures and dynamics, in particular, in reflection geometries with higher surface and interfacial sensitivity than transmission geometries. We demonstrate the design and implementation of an in situ shearing x-ray measurement system, equipped with both inline parallel-plate and cone-and-plate shearing setups and operated at the advanced photon source at Argonne National Laboratory, to investigate the structures and dynamics of end-tethered polymers at the solid-liquid interface. With a precise lifting motor, a micrometer-scale gap can be produced by aligning two surfaces of a rotating upper shaft and a lower sample substrate. A torsional shear flow forms in the gap and applies tangential shear forces on the sample surface. The technical combination with nanoscale rheology and the utilization of in situ x-ray scattering allow us to gain fundamental insights into the complex dynamics in soft interfaces under shearing. In this work, we demonstrate the technical scope and experimental capability of the in situ shearing x-ray system through the measurements of charged polymers at both flat and curved interfaces upon shearing. Furthermore, through the in situ shearing x-ray scattering experiments integrated with theoretical simulations, we aim to develop a detailed understanding of the short-range molecular structure and mesoscale ionic aggregate morphology, as well as ion transport and dynamics in soft interfaces, thereby providing fundamental insight into a long-standing challenge in ionic polymer brushes with a significant technological impact.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
MPP parallel forth
Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) Parallel FORTH is a derivative of FORTH-83 and Unified Software Systems' Uni-FORTH. The extension of FORTH into the realm of parallel processing on the MPP is described. With few exceptions, Parallel FORTH was made to follow the description of Uni-FORTH as closely as possible. Likewise, the parallel FORTH extensions were designed as philosophically similar to serial FORTH as possible. The MPP hardware characteristics, as viewed by the FORTH programmer, is discussed. Then a description is presented of how parallel FORTH is implemented on the MPP.
Dorband, John E.↗