Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Study center”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Readout of Oriented Triplet Excitons in Linear Acenes via Room-Temperature Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance

In this study, optically generated molecular spin centers offer an attractive platform for room-temperature spintronic and quantum applications. The linear acene family of molecules are especially good candidates due to their efficient generation of highly polarized triplet excitons via singlet fission. However, the direct detection and manipulation of these spin centers in thin films via the electrical means desirable for ultimate microelectronic devices has proven challenging. In particular, highly oriented triplet features have previously been detected in crystalline anthracene but longer acenes reveal only doublet features in Electrically-Detected Magnetic Resonance (EDMR). In this work we present EDMR spectra of highly oriented triplet excitons in pentacene for the first time, using a host-guest style device made of tetracene and pentacene. The guest acts as an energetic trap site, permitting the isolation and detection of molecular triplets at room temperature. Modeling of these results shows that the observed resonance features correspond to triplet sublevel transitions on isolated pentacene guest molecules. Rotation of the applied field confirms the tendency of the linear acenes to self-orient with the longest molecular axis perpendicular to the device substrate. Lastly, we find the disappearance of resonant triplet features in the neat acenes is not primarily due to the effects of exciton delocalization, but a broader mechanism of spin relaxation primarily influenced by exciton diffusivity.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Insights into Prismatic Loop Formation in Irradiated Fe–Cr Alloys from Hypothesis-Driven Active Learning and Causal Analysis

Neutron and electron irradiation experimental studies conducted on body-centered cubic Fe and Fe–Cr alloys have established two prismatic dislocation loop populations, which have Burgers vectors of either a/2$\langle$111$\rangle$ or a$\langle$100$\rangle$. Here, the loop formation depends on factors such as dose (D), dose rate (D rt ), temperature (T), chromium content (Cr%), and other alloying elements. Hence, it is important to understand how irradiation-induced dislocation loops evolve conditional upon the loop characteristics, such as loop density (DD), average loop size d̅, and irradiation parameters (D, D rt , T, and irradiation type), which is still an active area of research. To understand these complex structure–property relationships, machine learning (ML) is employed in a three-step approach. This includes imputing missing data with a k-nearest neighbor, generating functionalized features, and assessing feature importance with random forest classification and regression. Physics-based features are incorporated in a hypothesis-driven active learning scheme to overcome data unavailability challenges. Insights obtained from ML models (i) to categorize dislocation loop types, show the highest correlation with d̅; (ii) Log(DD), obtained through mathematical formulations involving D, Cr%, d̅, and T (e.g., Log(DD) ~ D + exp(-Cr%) + 1/d̅ and log(DD) ~ D + exp(-Cr%) + 1/T). Hypothesis-driven active learning is able to predict Log(DD) in which the experimental date is not known. Causal models verify cause–effect relationships for dislocation loop classification and irradiation factors in FeCr alloys.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Origin of short- and medium-range order in supercooled liquid Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Phase-change materials such as Ge–Sb–Te compounds have attracted much attention due to their potential value in electrical data storage. In contrast to the amorphous and crystalline phases, supercooled liquids are far from being deeply understood despite their inevitable role in both amorphization and crystallization processes. To this end, we have studied the dynamics properties and structural characteristics of liquid and supercooled liquid Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 during the fast cooling process. As the temperature decreases, chemical bonds become more homogeneous, but coordination numbers of Ge, Sb and Te atoms change very little. Meanwhile, the structural order of short-range configuration is obviously enhanced. Further studies suggest that Ge-centered, Sb-centered and Te-centered configurations change to the more ordered defective octahedrons mainly by adjusting the bond-angle relationship and bond length, rather than just by changing the coordination environment. It is the more ordered octahedrons that promote the formation of medium-range order. Our findings provide a deep insight into the origin of local structural order in supercooled liquid Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 , which is of great importance for the comprehensive understanding of amorphization and crystallization processes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

The striking influence of oxophilicity differences in heterometallic Mo–Mn oxide cluster reactions with water

Mixed-metal oxides have proven to be effective catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, often outperforming either of the binary metal oxides. The reactivity of Mn x MoO y - (x = 1, 2; y = 3, 4) clusters toward H 2 O was investigated via time-of-flight mass spectrometry with clear evidence of cluster oxidation and corresponding H 2 production, specifically for Mn x MoO 3 - (x = 1, 2) clusters. Unlike previously studied MoxOy- clusters, which assumed a broad distribution of stoichiometries (typically x ≤ y ≤ 3x), both MnMoOy- and Mn 2 MoO y - preferentially formed y = 3 and 4 compositions in significant quantities under our source conditions. The electronic and molecular structures of the Mn x MoO y (x = 1, 2; y = 3, 4) anion and neutral clusters were probed with anion photoelectron spectroscopy and analyzed with supporting density functional theory calculations. Our studies suggest that both metal centers are involved in initial cluster–water complex formation, while Mo is the center that undergoes oxidation; hence, reactivity terminates when Mo is saturated in its highest oxidation state of +6. Across these four clusters, Mn remains relatively reduced and is stable in a high-spin electronic configuration. The preferential reactivity of water molecules toward the Mo center rather than Mn is rationalized by the much lower relative oxophilicity of Mn.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Low-Cost Recyclable Oxygen Carrier and Novel Process for Chemical Looping Combustion

The University of North Dakota, through its Institute for Energy Studies and Energy & Environmental Research Center, partnered with Envergex LLC, Barr Engineering and Microbeam Technologies to develop a transformational enabling technology for advancement of Chemical Looping Combustion technology. Industrial support was provided by Carbontec Energy Corporation. The project targeted the two biggest challenges to chemical looping combustion: (1) High costs of oxygen carrier replacement/loss due to expensive manufacturing and high replacement rates from physical attrition and/or decrease in reactivity, and (2) Inherently slow fuel char conversion which represents the rate-limiting step for chemical looping combustion and results in very large equipment sizes, and overall lower carbon dioxide capture efficiency. The project activities were addressed in a series of seven tasks. Task 1 extended throughout the entire project and oversaw project management and execution. Task 2 and 3 focused on development and evaluation of the novel oxygen carrier. Task 4 to 7 focused on design of the novel reactor, testing with the novel oxygen carrier and a techno-economic assessment of the process. The list of tasks are: Task 1 – Project management and planning, Task 2 – Laboratory scale oxygen carrier manufacturing and assessment, Task 3 – Modeling and laboratory-scale evaluation of oxygen carrier performance with coal, Task 4 – 10-kilowatt thermal integrated system installation, Task 5 – Scaled-up oxygen carrier manufacturing, Task 6 – 10-kilowatt testing, and Task 7 – Process design and techno-economic analysis.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multiparameter Constraints on Empirical Infrasound Period-Yield Relations for Bolides and Implications for Planetary Defense

How effective are methods for estimating bolide energies from infrasound signal period-yield relationships? A single global period–energy relation can obscure significant variability introduced by parameters such as the atmospheric Doppler wind profile and the bolide’s energy deposition profile as a function of altitude. Bolide speed, entry angle, burst altitude, and multiepisode fragmentation may all play a role in defining the detected period of the shockwave. By leveraging bolide light-curve data from the Center for Near Earth Object Studies, we re-examined the period–energy relation as a function of these parameters. Through a bootstrap approach, we show that various event subsets can deviate from widely cited period–energy models and we identify which specific conditions most strongly reshape the period–energy scaling. The results define both the fidelity and reliability of period–energy relations when no additional data beyond the infrasound record is available and improve the outcome when supporting data from bolide trajectories and light curves are included. Ultimately, these findings expand the scope of earlier models, providing a nuanced and robust framework for infrasound-only yield estimation under a range of bolide scenarios.

Planetary science↗
NASA NTRS1962

Experimental Research on 4-Duct Tandem VTOL Aircraft Configurations

This paper presents a brief summary of several wind-tunnel investigations conducted at the Langley Research Center of the NASA to study the aerodynamic and stability and control characteristics of several VTOL aircraft configurations powered by four tilting ducted propellers arranged in tandem pairs. Specifically the two rear ducts could be mounted close alongside the upper rear portion of the fuselage with small wing panels attached to the outboard side of the ducts or could be mounted outboard on the tips of a small wing located high on the rear portion of the fuselage. The two front ducts were always mounted close inboard on the forward part of the fuselage and could be mounted either in a high or low position on the fuselage. The results of the investigation indicated that aircraft of this type could have acceptable aerodynamic and static longitudinal and lateral stability and control characteristics in both transition and normal cruise flight except for the possible qualification that the lateral force due to sideslip is abnormally high and might cause the aircraft to be too sensitive to side gusts.

VTOL AIRCRAFT↗
NASA NTRS1966

Lectures on gravitation and relativity, volume 2

These notes were taken from a series of seminars on Gravitation and Relativity presented at the Institute for Space Studies, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center during the academic year 1961-1962. Professor R. H. Dicke of Princeton University organized the series as an introduction to the subject for non-experts, emphasizing the observable implications of the theory and the potential contribution the space sciences may make towards a better understanding of general relativity.

R. H. Dicke↗
NASA NTRS1969

The Crab Nebula

Crab Nebula continuing energetic activity study indicating origin in nebula center and association with supernova remnant

Melrose, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1970

Correlation of flight-test loads with wind- tunnel predicted loads on three lifting body vehicles

An essential area of research with the unique M2-F2, HL-10, and X-24A lifting body configurations is the assessment of the ability to predict flight loads from wind- tunnel tests. Flight measurements and correlation with predictions are necessary in verifying the structural integrity of existing vehicles and establishing the groundwork for weight savings on future vehicles of similar shapes. As part of the overall lifting body flight investigation at the Flight Research Center, detailed aerodynamic-load studies are being made on each of the three vehicles. This paper presents the preliminary results from these studies

Ming H Tang↗
NASA NTRS1972

Experimental investigation of a throttlable 15 cm hollow cathode ion thruster

The use of dished high perveance grids on a 15 cm modified SERT 2 thruster is shown to facilitate throttled operation over a beam current range from 60 to 600 mA. Effects of increasing the radial component of the magnetic field in the main discharge chamber and decreasing the dimensions of the cathode discharge region are examined and found to degrade performance to the extent that primary electrons are forced in toward the center-line of the thruster. Studies of the baffle aperture region of two thrusters indicate that the electric potential gradient vector is perpendicular to the local magnetic field lines when the thruster is operating properly. The correlation between the shape of the ion beam current density and that of the ion density at the screen grid within the thruster is shown to be 94%. Additional experimental studies on maximum propellant utilization, plasma ion production cost, neutral density in the cathode discharge region, double ion production in hollow cathode thrusters and thermal flow meter performance are discussed.

Wilbur, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Parametric study of ion heating in a burnout device (HIP-1)

Results of further studies on the Lewis Research Center hot-ion plasma source (HIP-1) are reported. Changes have been made in both the electrode geometry and materials to produce higher ion temperatures. Ion temperature increased significantly with increased vacuum pumping speed. The best ion temperatures achieved, so far, for H(+), D(+), and He(+) plasmas are estimated to be equal to, or greater than 0.6, equal to, or greater than 0.9, and equal to, greater than 2.0 keV, respectively. Electrode pairs produced high ion temperatures whether on the magnetic axis or off it by 5.5 cm. Multiple sources, one on-axis and one off-axis, were run simultaneously from a single power supply by using independent gas feed rates. A momentum analyzer has been added to the charge-exchange neutral particle analyzer to identify particles according to mass, as well as energy. Under any given plasma condition, the higher mass ions have higher average energies but not by as much as the ratio of their respective masses.

Sigman, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Parachute-deployment-parameter identification based on an analytical simulation of Viking BLDT AV-4

A six-degree-of-freedom analytical simulation of parachute deployment dynamics developed at the Langley Research Center is presented. A comparison study was made using flight results from the Viking Balloon Launched Decelerator Test (BLDT) AV-4. Since there are significant voids in the knowledge of vehicle and decelerator aerodynamics and suspension system physical properties, a set of deployment-parameter input has been defined which may be used as a basis for future studies of parachute deployment dynamics. The study indicates the analytical model is sufficiently sophisticated to investigate parachute deployment dynamics with reasonable accuracy.

Talay, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

An assessment of the potential impact of solid-fueled rocket engines in the stratosphere

The effects of shuttle-emitted HCl on stratospheric ozone are reported. A one-dimensional model of the distribution of trace constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere is described, and chemical reactions and photodissociation rates in the chlorine chemistry are listed. Analysis of mathematical models is presented, and the results show ozone depletion when emissions are considered to be spread uniformly in the horizontal over a hemisphere and an increase in ozone when emissions are considered in a zone 1000 km wide centered at Cape Kennedy. Sensitivity studies to determine the effects of some assumptions in the model and comparisons with nitric oxide reactions are described. The importance of a two-dimensional model for a proper long term study is noted. Lists of reaction rate coefficients and photodissociation rates for the O-H-N system are included.

Whitten, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels from orbital altitudes

Studies of LANDSAT and Skylab-EREP data have defined both the advantages and limitations of space platforms as a new 'tool' in mineral exploration. One LANDSAT investigation in the Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma has demonstrated a correlation between several types of anomalies recognized in the imagery and the locations of known oil and gas fields. In addition to supporting several LANDSAT follow-on investigations in petroleum exploration, NASA has approved a broad in-house study at Goddard Space Flight Center designed to verify the general applicability of the initial Anadarko Basin results. Using both conventional photogeologic methods and special computer processing, imagery taken over oil-producing areas is being subjected to detailed analysis in search of definitive recognition criteria.

Short, N. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

IMS/Satellite Situation Center report

Services planned by the Satellite Situation Center during the International Magnetospheric Study are briefly described. User requirements are emphasized. The following data are presented: orbital parameters for ISIS 2, ESRO 4, and HEOS 2; entry exit times for highly elliptical satellites; plots for highly elliptical earth satellites; and plots and flux tube intersection for low altitude satellites.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1976

Aerodynamic Characteristics of an A-4B Aircraft with Simulated and Actual Gunfire Damage to One Wing

The aerodynamic characteristics of a damaged McDonnell Douglas A-4B aircraft were studied in the Ames Research Center's 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. A standard fuselage and three different wings were used. The first wing tested was an undamaged one in which holes had been cut and detachable cover plates installed. Removal of one or more cover plates gave one of fourteen different simulated damage cases. The other two wings tested were damaged by actual gunfire at an Air Force range.

Betzina, M. D.↗