Theoretical Studies of the HO/HO2 Catalytic Cycle for Ozone Destruction
Recently it has been determined that the HO/HO2 catalytic cycle accounts for nearly one-half of the total ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. The catalytic cycle is: (1) HO + O3 yields HO2 + O2; (2) HO2 + O3 yields HO + O2 + O2. The net reaction is 2O3 yields 3O2. The rate limiting step in this process is the reaction of HO2 with ozone. There is a problem extending the experimental measurement of the rate of this reaction over the range 233-400 K down to stratospheric temperatures of 210-220 K. Therefore we have undertaken a project to determine the temperature dependence of the rate constant for this reaction in the low temperature region. The first step in this project, which is described in this poster, is the determination of the relevant potential energy surfaces. The calculations use CASSCF/derivative methods to define the pathways followed by CASSCF/ACPF to determine the energetics. The HO + O3 reaction is found to proceed through an HO4 complex, which is unstable with respect to HO2 + O2. The HO2 +O3 reaction is more complex. One pathway, which has been characterized, is the formation of an HO5 complex which decomposes to HO3 + O2 and subsequently to HO + O2 + O2. Another pathway, which is believed to also play a role, is hydrogen abstraction to give O2 + HO3 and subsequent decomposition of HO3 to HO + O2. Isotopic labeling experiments indicate that the later pathway is dominant. However, so far attempts to locate the saddle point for this pathway have not been successful. We have also characterized the potential energy surfaces for a number of species involved in these reactions, including HO3 and triplet O4. The triplet O4 species is probably involved in the reaction of vibrationally excited O2 with ground state O2 leading to O3 + O. The latter reaction is believed to be important as an additional source of stratospheric ozone.