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At least 1,207 records · Page 67

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NASA NTRS1989

Deformation behavior of NiAl-based alloys containing iron, cobalt, and hafnium

The effects of alloying additions on the mechanical properties of the B2 intermetallic NiAl have been investigated in both the melt-spun ribbon and consolidated, bulk form. The study is based on a matrix of NiAl-based alloys with up to 20 at. pct Co and Fe additions and with reduced Al levels in the range of 30-40 at. pct. Characterization of the melt-spun ribbon by optical and scanning electron microscopy indicates a range of microstructures, including single-phase beta, gamma-prime necklace phase surrounding either martensitic or beta grains, and a mixture of equiaxed martensitic and gamma-prime grains. Bend ductility is present in melt-spun and annealed ribbons exhibiting the gamma-prime necklace structure and in a single-phase beta material containing 20 at. pct Fe. The analysis of compressive flow behavior on consolidated, bulk specimens indicates that the single-phase beta alloys exhibit a continuous decrease in yield stress with increasing temperature and profuse microcracking at grain boundaries. In contrast, multiphase (gamma-prime + either martensite or beta) alloys tend to display a peak in flow stress between 600 and 800 K, with little or no signs of microcracking. In general, heat treatments which convert the martensitic grains to beta + gamma-prime result in improved strength at temperatures above 600 K and better resistance to crack initiation.

Pank, D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1989

On the separations of common proper motion binaries containing white dwarfs

It is expected, on the basis of proper motion and estimated colors, that over 500 known common proper motion binaries (CPMBs) contain at least one white dwarf (WD) component, usually paired with a late type main sequence (MS) star. This paper examines 210 probable MS + MS and 26 probable WD + MS pairs from the LDS catalog to determine whether significant orbital expansion occurred as a consequence of the post-MS mass loss expected to accompany the formation of WDs in the CPMBs. It was found that, in the WD + MS pairs, the physical separation is nearly twice that in the MS + MS pairs.

Oswalt, T. D.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Application of a new adaptive grid for aerodynamic analysis of shock containing single jets

A fast and robust solution-adaptive grid generation method has been developed for the three-dimensional numerical analysis of shock containing supersonic jets. The adaptive grid algorithm, which is based on the equidistribution principle and the alternate direction method, has been fully integrated with the space marching scheme developed by Abdol-Hamid (1989). The capability of the approach proposed here is illustrated by numerical solutions for circular, square, and elliptic jet plumes.

Pao, S. Paul↗

NASA NTRS1990

Polyamideimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups

Polyamidenimides were prepared from the reaction of trimellitic anhydride chloride with seven diamines containing carbonyl and ether groups between the aromatic rings. Several of these polyamideimides were semicrystalline as evidenced by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Glass transition temperatures ranged between 187 and 245 C, and crystalline transition temperatures ranged between 317 and 416 C. A series of copolyamideimides from a mixture of 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy 4-prime-benzoyl) benzene and 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy 4-prime-benzoyl)benzene were similarly prepared. These copolyamideimides were semicrystalline and formed tough, solvent resistant films with good tensile properties.

Havens, S. J.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Surface settling in partially filled containers upon step reduction in gravity

A large literature exists concerning the equilibrium configurations of free liquid/gas surfaces in reduced gravity environments. Such conditions generally yield surfaces of constant curvature meeting the container wall at a particular (contact) angle. The time required to reach and stabilize about this configuration is less studied for the case of sudden changes in gravity level, e.g. from normal- to low-gravity, as can occur in many drop tower experiments. The particular interest here was to determine the total reorientation time for such surfaces in cylinders (mainly), as a function primarily of contact angle and kinematic viscosity, in order to aid in the development of drop tower experiment design. A large parametric range of tests were performed and, based on an accompanying scale analysis, the complete data set was correlated. The results of other investigations are included for comparison.

Weislogel, Marl M.↗

NASA NTRS1990

The method of lines in analyzing solids containing cracks

A semi-numerical method is reviewed for solving a set of coupled partial differential equations subject to mixed and possibly coupled boundary conditions. The line method of analysis is applied to the Navier-Cauchy equations of elastic and elastoplastic equilibrium to calculate the displacement distributions in various, simple geometry bodies containing cracks. The application of this method to the appropriate field equations leads to coupled sets of simultaneous ordinary differential equations whose solutions are obtained along sets of lines in a discretized region. When decoupling of the equations and their boundary conditions is not possible, the use of a successive approximation procedure permits the analytical solution of the resulting ordinary differential equations. The use of this method is illustrated by reviewing and presenting selected solutions of mixed boundary value problems in three dimensional fracture mechanics. These solutions are of great importance in fracture toughness testing, where accurate stress and displacement distributions are required for the calculation of certain fracture parameters. Computations obtained for typical flawed specimens include that for elastic as well as elastoplastic response. Problems in both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems are included. Results are summarized for a finite geometry rectangular bar with a central through-the-thickness or rectangular surface crack under remote uniaxial tension. In addition, stress and displacement distributions are reviewed for finite circular bars with embedded penny-shaped cracks, and rods with external annular or ring cracks under opening mode tension. The results obtained show that the method of lines presents a systematic approach to the solution of some three-dimensional mechanics problems with arbitrary boundary conditions. The advantage of this method over other numerical solutions is that good results are obtained even from the use of a relatively coarse grid.

Gyekenyesi, John P.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Thermal characterization and toughness of ethynyl containing blends

As part of an effort to develop high performance structural resins with an attractive combination of properties for aerospace applications, a series of ethynyl-terminated polysulfones of different molecular weights were prepared and blended with a low molecular weight ethynyl-terminated coreactant. Upon heating above 200 C, these ethynyl containing materials react to form a chain extended and crosslinked network structure. This reaction renders the materials insoluble in common solvents, but also reduces the toughness as compared to high molecular weight linear polysulfones. The thermal characterization of these blends and the toughness of the resulting cured materials are discussed.

Jensen, Brian J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Drop-tower experiments for capillary surfaces in an exotic container

Low-gravity drop-tower experiments are carried out for an 'exotic' rotationally-symmetric container, which admits an entire continuum of distinct equilibrium symmetric capillary free surfaces. It is found that an initial equilibrium planer interface, a member of the continuum, will reorient toward a non-symmetric interface, as predicted by recent mathematical theory.

Concus, Paul↗

NASA NTRS1991

The formation of oxygen-containing organic molecules in the Orion compact ridge

Following a suggestion of Blake et al. (1987), an attempt was made to account for the unusually large abundances of selected oxygen-containing organic molecules in the so-called 'compact ridge' source directed toward Orion KL by a gas-phase chemical model in which large amounts of water are injected into the source from the IRc2 outflow. Although quantitative model results show that the calculated abundances of methanol, methyl formate, and dimethyl ether can be enhanced relative to their values in the absence of water injection, the enhancements fall far short of explaining the very large observed abundances of these species. Models in which methanol is injected rather than water are more successful, although the source of the methanol is unclear.

Millar, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Microgravity testing a surgical isolation containment system for Space Station use

Anticipated hazards for crewmembers in future long term space flights may result in a variety of injuries including trauma and burns. Management of these injuries will require special techniques because of the lack of gravity, limitations of space and environmental restrictions. A small surgical isolation containment system was developed and tested in microgravity. The chamber provided both protection of the injury and of the cabin environment and is felt to be the most effective means of trauma and burn care in future Health Maintenance Facilities planned for prolonged space exposure.

Markham, Sanford M.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Two-dimensional model calculation of fluorine-containing reservoir species in the stratosphere

Two-dimensional model calculations have been carried out of the distributions of the fluorine-containing reservoir species HF, CF2O, and CFClO. HF constitutes the largest fluorine reservoir in the stratosphere, but CF2O also makes an important contribution to the inorganic fluorine budget. CFClO amounts are most important in the tropical lower stratosphere. HF amounts increase with altitude throughout the stratosphere, while those of CF2O and CFClO fall off above their mixing ratio peaks due to photolysis. The model is in good qualitative agreement with observed vertical profiles of HF and CF2O but tends to underestimate the total column of HF. The calculated CFClO distribution is in good agreement with the very limited data. The disagreement in the HF columns is likely due to small inaccuracies in the model's treatment of lower stratospheric photolysis of chlorofluorocarbons. The model results support the suggestion that CF2O may be heterogeneously converted to HF on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles. The model results also suggest that the quantum yield for photolysis of CF2O is near unity.

Kaye, Jack A.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Dynamics of closed-loop systems containing flexible bodies

An important characteristic of flexible multibody systems containing closed-loop topologies is that the component modes used to describe individual bodies will no longer be independent because of loop closure constraints. Thus, the issue of component modal selection becomes even more complicated. In addition, the foreshortening effect that has been studied extensively in the literature in the context of open-loop topologies will also be present in these constraint equations. Simulation results presented demonstrate the effects of modal selection and foreshortening on the dynamic response of closed-loop flexible systems.

Tadikonda, Sivakumar S. K.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Development of an annoyance model based upon elementary auditory sensations for steady-state aircraft interior noise containing tonal components

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a noise annoyance model, superior to those already in use, for evaluating passenger response to sounds containing tonal components which may be heard within current and future commercial aircraft. The sound spectra investigated ranged from those being experienced by passengers on board turbofan powered aircraft now in service to those cabin noise spectra passengers may experience within advanced propeller-driven aircraft of the future. A total of 240 sounds were tested in this experiment. Sixty-six of these 240 sounds were steady state, while the other 174 varied temporally due to tonal beating. Here, the entire experiment is described, but the analysis is limited to those responses elicited by the 66 steady-state sounds.

Angerer, James R.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Fatigue damage in cross-ply titanium metal matrix composites containing center holes

The development of fatigue damage in (0/90) sub SCS-6/TI-15-3 laminates containing center holes was studied. Stress levels required for crack initiation in the matrix were predicted using an effective strain parameter and compared to experimental results. Damage progression was monitored at various stages of fatigue loading. In general, a saturated state of damage consisting of matrix cracks and fiber matrix debonding was obtained which reduced the composite modulus. Matrix cracks were bridged by the 0 deg fibers. The fatigue limit (stress causing catastrophic fracture of the laminates) was also determined. The static and post fatigue residual strengths were accurately predicted using a three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The matrix damage that occurred during fatigue loading significantly reduced the notched strength.

Bakuckas, J. G., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Whole body cleaning agent containing N-acyltaurate

The subject invention relates to a human cleansing agent particularly suitable for use in long duration spaceflight and to a method of bathing with the agent. The agent of the subject invention is in the form of a paste having a pH of 5.0 to 7.9 which comprises an acyltaurate, a skin conditioner, a hair conditioner, and a preservative. More specifically, it includes sodium N-coconut acid-N-methyl taurate, in combination with soybean lecithin, polyquaternium 16, and formalin. This particular combination satisfies the following objectives: (1) that it be usable with a minimum amount of water per shower (approximately 1 gallon); (2) that it be easily separated from the water for purposes of water reclamation; (3) that it be pH compatible with skin and hair; (4) that it rinse well in deionized water; (5) that it be mild to skin and eyes; (6) that it effectively clean both skin and hair; (7) that it be suitable for use in zero gravity; and (8) that it provide ease of combing of wet and dry hair. The method of the invention includes the steps of wetting the skin and hair with a small quantity of water, lathering the skin with the paste, rinsing the lather from the skin and hair with a small quantity of water to produce a rinse water containing the cleansing agent, defoaming the rinse water, and supplying the defoamed rinse water to a water reclamation unit for recycling the water. The novelty of the invention appears to lie in the particular formulation of the cleansing agent and its method of use which provide optimal results under the given constraints and objectives.

Lentsch, Steven E.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Methyl substituted polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups

Polyimides were prepared from the reaction of aromatic dianhydrides with novel aromatic diamines having carbonyl and ether groups connecting aromatic rings containing pendant methyl groups. The methyl substituent polyimides exhibit good solubility and form tough, strong films. Upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation and/or heat, the methyl substituted polyimides crosslink to become insoluble.

Hergenrother, Paul M.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Copoly(imide-amides) containing hexafluoroisopropylidene

The incorporation of the hexafluoroisopropylidene (HFIP or 6F) group into polymer backbones brings about important and useful changes in properties. These differences include increased thermal and environmental resistance and solubility and decreased dielectric constant and color. Several types of backbones have been substrates for the inclusion of HFIP and all results have reflected impressive property benefits. This project involved the incorporation of 6F groups into a poly(imide-amide) backbone by the condensation of a 6F-containing dianhydride with 4-aminobenzoic acid to yield a diimide terminated with two carboxylic acid groups. This diacid trimer was then polymerized with various diamines. The polymers were obtained in yields of 86-94 percent and with viscosities of 0.90-2.26 dL/g. They were stable to above 500 C and clear, colorless films could be cast from DMAc.

Irvin, David J.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Performance predictions for spaceborne, long-lifetime helium dewars containing large-aperture telescopes

The evolution of design approaches for high-performance superfluid helium dewars containing large-aperture telescopes are discussed. Particular attention is given to thermal-math modeling for the IRAS and the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) dewars. Correlation of the recent COBE flight data with the dewar thermal-math model is presented, and apparent predictive deficiencies of the model are discussed.

Hopkins, Richard A.↗