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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

A Comparative Study of Ethanol Upgrading to Butadiene Over Rare Earth Elements Incorporated in Dealuminated Beta Zeolites

Copper and rare earth element-containing dealuminated Beta zeolites (CuREE/deAlBeta) are promising catalysts for the conversion of ethanol to C 3+ olefins en route to sustainable aviation fuel. Product selectivities over CuREE/deAlBeta depend on the identity of the REE. Here, in this study, a suite of La/deAlBeta catalysts of varied La loading are prepared, and their reactivities, selectivities, and apparent C-C coupling kinetics in the cascade reaction between ethanol and acetaldehyde are reported. Ex situ and in situ titrations to quantify Lewis acidic La sites quantify distinct numbers of sites, suggesting a distribution of site types. Across a series of REE/deAlBeta catalysts (REE = Y, La, Lu, Yb, Gd), the selectivity to secondary products correlates with the pyridine heats of adsorption at REE Lewis acid sites. The turnover frequency (per Lewis acid site) for C–C coupling was similar across the series of REE/deAlBeta catalysts. Y/deAlBeta and La/deAlBeta, which have the most disparate secondary product selectivities, had similar kinetics for C–C coupling. These findings demonstrate the complexity of quantifying active sites in REE/deAlBeta zeolites, and the sensitivity of the selectivity, but not the reactivity for C–C coupling, to the identity of the REE atom in REE/deAlBeta zeolites.

alcohol upgrading↗
DOE OSTI2012

Catalytic upgrading nitrogen-riched wood syngas to liquid hydrocarbon mixture over a Fe–Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst

Biomass like wood chips, switchgrass and other plant residues are first converted to syngas through gasification process using air, oxygen or steam. A downdraft gasifier is performed for syngas production in Mississippi State. The syngas from the gasifier contains up to 49% (vol) N 2 . High-level nitrogen-containing (nitrogen can be up to 60%) synthesis gas is converted to liquid hydrocarbon mixture through a one-stage catalytic process with a Fe–Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst. The Fe–Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst shows relatively high activity and selectivity in producing liquid hydrocarbons when running with nitrogen-rich syngas. The CO conversion, hydrocarbon selectivity and hydrocarbon distribution as a function of temperature, pressure, GHSV, composition of the feed, and reaction time are examined.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Performance of the CMS RPC upgrade using 2D fast timing readout system

Here, we present a new generation of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) that are able to withstand high particle fluxes (up to 2 kHz cm -2 ). These chambers will be instrumented with a precise timing readout electronics and they are proposed to equip two of the four high eta stations of the CMS muon system.Two-gap RPC detectors, with each gap made of two 1.4 mm High Pressure Laminate (HPL) electrodes and separated by a gas gap of the same thickness, are proposed. The new scheme reduces the amount of the avalanche charge produced by the passage of a charged particle through the detector. This improves the RPC rate capability by reducing the needed time to absorb this charge. To keep the RPC efficiency high a sensitive, low-noise and high time resolution Front-End Electronics Board (FEB) is needed to cope with the low charge signal. An ASIC called PETIROC that has all these characteristics is proposed to read out the new chambers. A thin (0.6 mm) Printed Circuit Board (PCB), 165 cm long, equipped with pickup strips of average pitch of 0.75 cm is inserted between the two RPC gaps. The strips are read out from both ends and the arrival time difference of the two signals is used to determine the particle position along the strip ( η position). The absolute time measurement will also be used to reduce the data ambiguity due to the expected high pileup at the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC).

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigations of atomic and molecular processes of NBI-heated discharges in the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor with implications for reactors

This experimental study presents an in-depth investigation of the performance of the MAST-U Super-X divertor during NBI-heated operation (up to 2.5 MW) focussing on volumetric ion sources and sinks as well as power losses during detachment. The particle balance and power loss analysis revealed the crucial role of Molecular Activated Recombination and Dissociation (MAR and MAD) ion sinks in divertor particle and power balance, which remain pronounced in the change from ohmic to higher power (NBI heated) L-mode conditions. The importance of MAR and MAD remains with double the absorbed NBI heating. MAD results in significant power dissipation (up to ${\sim} 20\%$ of $P_\textrm{SOL}$), mostly in the cold ($T_e \lt 5$ eV) detached region. Theoretical and experimental evidence is found for the potential contribution of $D^-$ to MAR and MAD, which warrants further study. These results suggest that MAR and MAD can be relevant in higher power conditions than the ohmic conditions studied previously. Post-processing reactor-scale simulations suggests that MAR and MAD can play a significant role in divertor physics and synthetic diagnostic signals of reactor-scale devices, which are currently underestimated in exhaust simulations. This raises implications for the accuracy of reactor-scale divertor simulations of particularly tightly baffled (alternative) divertor configurations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Catalytic Upgrading of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway

In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. This technology pathway case investigates the catalytic conversion of solubilized carbohydrate streams to hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing data from recent efforts within the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) in collaboration with Virent, Inc.. Technical barriers and key research needs that should be pursued for the catalytic conversion of sugars pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet range hydrocarbon blendstocks have been identified.

Biomass↗
DOE OSTI2024

Charlo Junior High Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Upgrade and Energy Improvements

The Charlo School District 7J is located at 404 1st Ave West, in Charlo, Montana. The District has 55,778 ft² of facility space serving students from grades K through 12 in the Western Montana community of Charlo, within the Flathead Indian Reservation. The campus is made up of four primary buildings which are the elementary building, administration and high school, a junior high wing with a shop, and the gymnasium/multipurpose building. This project will focus on the needs of the Junior High Facility.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗