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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Utilizing Physics-Informed Synthetic Data to Train a Digital Twin for Predicting Reactor Operations

Understanding techniques to strengthen the nuclear nonproliferation regime is crucial in reducing the creation of nuclear weaponry on the basis of advancements in the nuclear energy industry. Prior to construction of a nuclear power plant, it is necessary to understand the proliferation potential of the plant’s reactor. Digital twins serve as a unique solution to recognizing reactor behavior indicative of nuclear proliferation. The following research conducted serves as a validation to training a digital twin on synthetic data fabricated via means of reactor physics simulations based on parameters of Idaho State University’s AGN-201 reactor. The synthetic data is utilized to train a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network model. The accuracy of the predicted data is measured against real operational data to verify the reliability of the synthetic data creation methods and if these methods should be used in the future to inform inspectors of a reactor’s proliferation capabilities.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evaluation of Skylab data for land use mapping

The present work compares four multispectral data sets acquired within a 24-hour time period over an area in south-central Indiana in a land use analysis of the study area. Data sets were acquired by the 4-channel multispectral scanner (MSS) on the ERTS satellite, the Earth Resource Environmental Package (EREP) 13-channel MSS on Skylab, the color infrared photography from the EREP camera system, and the black and white multiband photography from the EREP camera system. Overall performance of MSS data sets was better than that of digitized photographic data sets. Digitized color IR data sets were better overall than digitized black and white sets. Also, overall performance of 'optimum' four channels in Skylab MSS data set was essentially the same as that for the ERTS MSS data sets. However, when the four channels in the Skylab MSS which most nearly correspond to those in the ERTS MSS were used, overall performance of Skylab MSS data set was significantly lower than that for the ERTS MSS.

Biehl, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Omniview motionless camera orientation system

An apparatus and method is provided for converting digital images for use in an imaging system. The apparatus includes a data memory which stores digital data representing an image having a circular or spherical field of view such as an image captured by a fish-eye lens, a control input for receiving a signal for selecting a portion of the image, and a converter responsive to the control input for converting digital data corresponding to the selected portion into digital data representing a planar image for subsequent display. Various methods include the steps of storing digital data representing an image having a circular or spherical field of view, selecting a portion of the image, and converting the stored digital data corresponding to the selected portion into digital data representing a planar image for subsequent display. In various embodiments, the data converter and data conversion step may use an orthogonal set of transformation algorithms.

Martin, H. Lee↗
DOE OSTI2026

Operating Experience Data Analysis for Digital Instrumentation and Control System Reliability and Risk Assessment in Nuclear Power Plants

The implementation of advanced digital instrumentation and control (DI&C) systems in U.S. nuclear power plants (NPPs) can bring significant advancements in reliability, monitoring, and control capabilities. However, these systems also introduce new challenges, particularly in assessing risks such as common-cause failures (CCFs) and establishing robust reliability estimates for DI&C components. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of NPPs. Recently, Idaho National Laboratory was tasked by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to conduct a DI&C reliability study using operating experience data from the nuclear industry. The two operating experience data sources for the study are the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations’ Industry Reporting and Information System (IRIS) and the NRC’s Licensee Event Report database which is hosted at Idaho National Laboratory at https://lersearch.inl.gov/LERSearchCriteria.aspx. This report provides a comprehensive examination of DI&C systems, including their architecture, operational advantages, and associated challenges. It reviews existing industry DI&C studies and failure mode taxonomies, along with reliability data from various industries. Through a detailed analysis of these databases, the study provides insights into DI&C system performance. Considerations should be given to incorporate DI&C failure data into the NRC's Integrated Data Collection and Coding System and updating the Reliability and Availability Data System to support ongoing DI&C reliability studies. Recommendations are also provided for modeling DI&C reliability and CCF in probabilistic risk assessment, thereby supporting risk-informed decision-making and enhancing the reliability and safety of NPPs.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1994

Comparison of transform coding methods with an optimal predictor for the data compression of digital elevation models

Statistical encoding techniques enable the reduction of the number of bits required to encode a set of symbols, and are derived from their probabilities. Huffman encoding is an example of statistical encoding that has been used for error-free data compression. The degree of compression given by Huffman encoding in this application can be improved by the use of prediction methods. These replace the set of elevations by a set of corrections that have a more advantageous probability distribution. In particular, the method of Lagrange Multipliers for minimization of the mean square error has been applied to local geometrical predictors. Using this technique, an 8-point predictor achieved about a 7 percent improvement over an existing simple triangular predictor.

Lewis, Michael↗
NASA NTRS1990

Data reduction of digitized images processed from calibrated photographic and spectroscopic films obtained from terrestial, rocket and space shuttle telescopic instruments

The Microvax 2 computer, the basic software in VMS, and the Mitsubishi High Speed Disk were received and installed. The digital scanning tunneling microscope is fully installed and operational. A new technique was developed for pseudocolor analysis of the line plot images of a scanning tunneling microscope. Computer studies and mathematical modeling of the empirical data associated with many of the film calibration studies were presented. A gas can follow-up experiment which will be launched in September, on the Space Shuttle STS-50, was prepared and loaded. Papers were presented on the structure of the human hair strand using scanning electron microscopy and x ray analysis and updated research on the annual rings produced by the surf clam of the ocean estuaries of Maryland. Scanning electron microscopic work was conducted by the research team for the study of the Mossbauer and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies on NmNi(4.25)Fe(.85) and its Hydride.

Hammond, Ernest C., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Miniaturized physiological data telemetry system

Portable digital physiological data telemetry system uses less power, is more compact, and provides better data integrity than two previous systems designed to similar specifications. It has 13 data channels and two-way voice communication.

Portnoy, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Development of alternative data analysis techniques for improving the accuracy and specificity of natural resource inventories made with remote sensing data

The applicability of digital LANDSAT data in updating the Minnesota Lake Land Management Information System and in assessing the trophic status of lakes was investigated. Data from various combinations of training, classification, and geometric correction techniques were compared to a photointerpreted reference data set consisting of ground-verified samples and six randomly selected photographs covering approximately one quarter of the study area. For a reconnaissance inventory, the training via polygons selected from aerial photographs with a canonical analysis minimum distance classifier is the most accurate and efficient analysis technique. The applications test project resulted in disappointing thematic classification results per se, but did contribute to the development of mechanisms for implementing a LANDSAT data processing capability in the State Planning Agency on a permanent basis.

Lillesand, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Basic forest cover mapping using digitized remote sensor data and automated data processing techniques

Remote sensing equipment and automatic data processing techniques were employed as aids in the institution of improved forest resource management methods. On the basis of automatically calculated statistics derived from manually selected training samples, the feature selection processor of LARSYS selected, upon consideration of various groups of the four available spectral regions, a series of channel combinations whose automatic classification performances (for six cover types, including both deciduous and coniferous forest) were tested, analyzed, and further compared with automatic classification results obtained from digitized color infrared photography.

Coggeshall, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Stratification of forest vegetation for timber inventory using Landsat and collateral data

An automated forest stratification procedure based on Landsat and digital terrain data is reviewed. The system uses Landsat multispectral brightness values, a spatial texture channel, and digital terrain data information to divide Klamath National Forest vegetation into timber volume-homogeneous strata. The stratification process involves analyst-supervised class pooling editing, and the modeling of the regional type in a spatial manner using the digital terrain data. It is noted that for a given size and density class, the timber volume will change when the regional type changes, reflecting differences in growth potential.

Woodcock, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Digital overlay of cartographic information on Landsat MSS data for soil surveys

Cartographic soils data were digitized, spatially registered, and merged with processed Landsat image data. The Landsat Multispectral Scanner Subsystem (MSS) image data were used to generate a thematic map representing different soil surface characteristics and an enhanced image. The thematic map was generated using supervised and unsupervised classification procedures. The enhanced image was generated by performing a linear contrast stretch on data altered by a principal components transformation. Although both procedures yielded images useful for soil unit delineation, image enhancement was determined to be more suitable because it was more expedient and inexpensive. Enhanced images cost $0.06 per hectare, spectral classifications cost $0.08 per hectare. The overlay of cartographic data on Landsat data facilitates comparisons between the various processing methods used for soil unit boundary determination, delineation, and verification. This technique also provides for accurate and expedient spatial referencing for field observations and cartographic correlation.

Imhoff, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Calibration Software for Use with Jurassicprok

The Jurassicprok Interferometric Calibration Software (also called "Calibration Processor" or simply "CP") estimates the calibration parameters of an airborne synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) system, the raw measurement data of which are processed by the Jurassicprok software described in the preceding article. Calibration parameters estimated by CP include time delays, baseline offsets, phase screens, and radiometric offsets. CP examines raw radar-pulse data, single-look complex image data, and digital elevation map data. For each type of data, CP compares the actual values with values expected on the basis of ground-truth data. CP then converts the differences between the actual and expected values into updates for the calibration parameters in an interferometric calibration file (ICF) and a radiometric calibration file (RCF) for the particular SAR system. The updated ICF and RCF are used as inputs to both Jurassicprok and to the companion Motion Measurement Processor software (described in the following article) for use in generating calibrated digital elevation maps.

Chapin, Elaine↗
NASA NTRS2000

BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Navigation Data

The BOREAS Staff Science effort covered those activities that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data collection procedures across sites and time. These activities included the acquisition, processing, and archiving of aircraft navigation/attitude data to complement the digital image data. The level-0 ER-2 navigation data files contain aircraft attitude and position information acquired during the digital image and photographic data collection missions. Temporally, the data were acquired from April to September 1994. Data were recorded at intervals of 5 seconds. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Strub, Richard↗
DOE OSTI2014

Improvement of lateral resolution of spectral domain optical coherence tomography images in out-of-focus regions with holographic data processing techniques

An analogy between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) data and broadband digital holography data is considered. Based on this analogy, a method for processing SD OCT data, which makes it possible to construct images with a lateral resolution in the whole investigated volume equal to the resolution in the in-focus region, is developed. Several issues concerning practical application of the proposed method are discussed. (laser biophotonics)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗