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NASA NTRS1997

[Petrological Analysis of Astrophysical Dust Analog Evolution]

This project "Petrological analysis of astrophysical dust analog evolution" was initiated to try to understand the vapor phase condensation, and the nature of the reaction products, in circumstellar environments, such as the solar nebula 4,500 Myrs ago, and in the interstellar medium. Telescope-based infrared [IR] spectroscopy offers a broad-scale inventory of the various types of dust in these environments but no details on small-scale variations in terms of chemistry and morphology and petrological phase relationships. Vapor phase condensation in these environments is almost certainly a non-equilibrium process. The main challenge to this research was to document the nature of this process that, based on astrophysical observations, seems to yield compositionally consistent materials. This observation may suggest a predictable character during non-equilibrium condensation. These astrophysical environments include two chemically distinct, that is, oxygen-rich and carbon-rich environments. The former is characterized by silicates the latter by carbon-bearing solids. According to cosmological models of stellar evolution circumstellar dust accreted into protoplanets wherein thermal and/or aqueous processes will alter the dust under initially, non-equilibrium conditions.

Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1999

Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A. Engineering Report: Electromagnetic Interface (EMI)/Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), for the METSAT/METOP AMSU-A1

This document contains the procedure and the test results of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Electromagnetic Susceptibility, and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) qualification test for the Meteorological Satellite (METSAT) and the Meteorological Operation Platform (METOP) projects. The test was conducted in accordance with the approved EMI/EMC Test Plan/Procedure, Specification number AE-26151/5D. This document describes the EMI/EMC test performed by Aerojet and it is presented in the following manner: Section-1 contains introductory material and a brief summary of the test results. Section 2 contains more detailed descriptions of the test plan, test procedure, and test results for each type of EMI/EMC test conducted. Section 3 contains supplementary information that includes test data sheets, plots, and calculations collected during the qualification testing.

Valdez, A.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Platform Evolution Studies

Platform evolution studies have focused on developing two types of platforms: the Geostationary Platform, for use as an observatory in NASA's Mission-to-Planet-Earth (MPE) initiative, and a co-orbiting platform, for use as a branching mechanism for the Space Station Freedom manned base. In 1989, platform evolution efforts also documented existing polar platform scares for servicing and for co-orbiting platform configurations. Shown on this viewgraph are various configurations. An Astrophysics Co-Orbiting Platform was studied during Phase B of the Space Station Program. The Stationkeeping Platform was the subject of a Goddard study. Today we will briefly describe the NASA Polar Platform and discuss the evolutionary configurations for geostationary and co-orbiting platforms. General Electric Astro-Space Division was selected to perform these studies because of its role as designer of the Polar Platform.

Walton, Barbara↗

NASA NTRS2010

Wire and Cable Cold Bending Test

One of the factors in assessing the applicability of wire or cable on the lunar surface is its flexibility under extreme cold conditions. Existing wire specifications did not address their mechanical behavior under cold, cryogenic temperature conditions. Therefore tests were performed to provide this information. To assess this characteristic 35 different insulated wire and cable pieces were cold soaked in liquid nitrogen. The segments were then subjected to bending and the force was recorded. Any failure of the insulation or jacketing was also documented for each sample tested. The bending force tests were performed at room temperature to provide a comparison to the change in force needed to bend the samples due to the low temperature conditions. The results from the bending tests were plotted and showed how various types of insulated wire and cable responded to bending under cold conditions. These results were then used to estimate the torque needed to unroll the wire under these low temperature conditions.

Colozza, Anthony↗

NASA NTRS2013

Oxygen Isotope Measurements of a Rare Murchison Type A CAI and Its Rim

Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV chondrites commonly show oxygen isotope heterogeneity among different mineral phases within individual inclusions reflecting the complex history of CAIs in both the solar nebula and/or parent bodies. The degree of isotopic exchange is typically mineral-specific, yielding O-16-rich spinel, hibonite and pyroxene and O-16-depleted melilite and anorthite. Recent work demonstrated large and systematic variations in oxygen isotope composition within the margin and Wark-Lovering rim of an Allende Type A CAI. These variations suggest that some CV CAIs formed from several oxygen reservoirs and may reflect transport between distinct regions of the solar nebula or varying gas composition near the proto-Sun. Oxygen isotope compositions of CAIs from other, less-altered chondrites show less intra-CAI variability and 16O-rich compositions. The record of intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability in CM chondrites, which commonly show evidence for low-temperature aqueous alteration, is less clear, in part because the most common CAIs found in CM chondrites are mineralogically simple (hibonite +/- spinel or spinel +/- pyroxene) and are composed of minerals less susceptible to O-isotopic exchange. No measurements of the oxygen isotope compositions of rims on CAIs in CM chondrites have been reported. Here, we present oxygen isotope data from a rare, Type A CAI from the Murchison meteorite, MUM-1. The data were collected from melilite, hibonite, perovskite and spinel in a traverse into the interior of the CAI and from pyroxene, melilite, anorthite, and spinel in the Wark-Lovering rim. Our objectives were to (1) document any evidence for intra-CAI oxygen isotope variability; (2) determine the isotopic composition of the rim minerals and compare their composition(s) to the CAI interior; and (3) compare the MUM-1 data to oxygen isotope zoning profiles measured from CAIs in other chondrites.

Matzel, J. E. P.↗

NASA NTRS2020

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Office Exploration EVA System Technical Standards

The purpose of this Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Office specification is to define the types of Programmatic-level standards to be used for design, manufacturing, testing, and quality control for the Exploration EVA (xEVA) System. The xEVA system includes both space suits and EVA hardware elements (e. EVA Tools, Airlock hardware, etc.). Many of the standards referenced in this document can be substituted for similar standards used in industry; this document provides the scope of which standards need to be considered. This document is the EVA-centric implementation of Chapter 3 of NPR 7120.10, Technical Standards for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Programs and Projects: Select technical standards for use as program/project requirements. This also addresses the intent of Section 2.2.6 of NPR 8705.2, Human-Rating Requirements for Space Systems.

EVA↗

NASA NTRS2020

Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD) User Manual

This document serves as a user manual for the ATD-2 Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD) (version 5.11). It describes the elements of the SMD interface and provides step-by-step instructions for using the tool. The SMD can be used to select the type of metering, set specific metering parameters, and set excess queue time variables. Feedback can also be submitted through the site. The SMD is a component of the NASA Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) sub-project.

Louise Kay Morgan Ruszkowski↗

DOE OSTI2013

Working Group Report: WIMP Dark Matter Direct Detection

As part of the Snowmass process, the Cosmic Frontier WIMP Direct Detection subgroup (CF1) has drawn on input from the Cosmic Frontier and the broader Particle Physics community to produce this document. The charge to CF1 was (a) to summarize the current status and projected sensitivity of WIMP direct detection experiments worldwide, (b) motivate WIMP dark matter searches over a broad parameter space by examining a spectrum of WIMP models, (c) establish a community consensus on the type of experimental program required to explore that parameter space, and (d) identify the common infrastructure required to practically meet those goals.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2023

Future of the MUSiC Experiment Data

The Measurements of Uranium Subcritical and Critical (MUSiC) experiment was a highly enriched uranium (HEU) experiment performed at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) executed between December 2020 and April 2021. The experiment intended to measure criticality and reactor kinetics parameters in a bare HEU system. The experiment concurrently measured radiation signatures from the system while utilizing different neutron source types. This was an attempt to benchmark both detectors and analysis techniques against one another for identical measurements. The experiment consisted of the Rocky Flats HEU hemi-shells constructed into ten configurations spanning between deeply subcritical (about 14 kgs) to supercritical (about 60 kgs). Two of the ten configurations were supercritical and the other eight were subcritical. The two supercritical configurations, often referred to as the critical configurations, were documented into an International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) benchmark evaluation and submitted to the technical review group (TRG). The subcritical configurations of the MUSiC experiment were examined using three different detection systems. The systems include: the NoMAD He-3 neutron detector which consists of 15 He-3 tubes surrounded by a polyethylene matrix, a liquid scintillator system called the Rossi-α Measurement Rapid Organic Discriminating Detector (RAM-RODD), and a trans-stilbene organic scintillator array (OSCAR) provided by the University of Michigan. The NoMAD and RAM-RODD data are planned to be evaluated in two separate ICSBEP evaluations utilizing neutron noise methods such as Feynman Variance-to-Mean, Rossi-α and the pulsed neutron source method. Each of the subcritical configurations were examined using three different source types including: a Cf-252 source in the center, with only the intrinsic neutron source in the HEU, and with an external D-T neutron generator.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Dynamic Event Tree advancements and control logic improvements

The RAVEN code has been under development at the Idaho National Laboratory since 2012. Its main goal is to create a multi-purpose platform for the deploying of all the capabilities needed for Probabilistic Risk Assessment, uncertainty quantification, data mining analysis and optimization studies. RAVEN is currently equipped with three different sampling categories: Forward samplers (Monte Carlo, Latin Hyper Cube, Stratified, Grid Sampler, Factorials, etc.), Adaptive Samplers (Limit Surface search, Adaptive Polynomial Chaos, etc.) and Dynamic Event Tree (DET) samplers (Deterministic and Adaptive Dynamic Event Trees). The main subject of this document is to report the activities that have been done in order to: start the migration of the RAVEN/RELAP-7 control logic system into MOOSE, and develop advanced dynamic sampling capabilities based on the Dynamic Event Tree approach. In order to provide to all MOOSE-based applications a control logic capability, in this Fiscal Year an initial migration activity has been initiated, moving the control logic system, designed for RELAP-7 by the RAVEN team, into the MOOSE framework. In this document, a brief explanation of what has been done is going to be reported. The second and most important subject of this report is about the development of a Dynamic Event Tree (DET) sampler named “Hybrid Dynamic Event Tree” (HDET) and its Adaptive variant “Adaptive Hybrid Dynamic Event Tree” (AHDET). As other authors have already reported, among the different types of uncertainties, it is possible to discern two principle types: aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The classical Dynamic Event Tree is in charge of treating the first class (aleatory) uncertainties; the dependence of the probabilistic risk assessment and analysis on the epistemic uncertainties are treated by an initial Monte Carlo sampling (MCDET). From each Monte Carlo sample, a DET analysis is run (in total, N trees). The Monte Carlo employs a pre-sampling of the input space characterized by epistemic uncertainties. The consequent Dynamic Event Tree performs the exploration of the aleatory space. In the RAVEN code, a more general approach has been developed, not limiting the exploration of the epistemic space through a Monte Carlo method but using all the forward sampling strategies RAVEN currently employs. The user can combine a Latin Hyper Cube, Grid, Stratified and Monte Carlo sampling in order to explore the epistemic space, without any limitation. From this pre-sampling, the Dynamic Event Tree sampler starts its aleatory space exploration. As reported by the authors, the Dynamic Event Tree is a good fit to develop a goal-oriented sampling strategy. The DET is used to drive a Limit Surface search. The methodology that has been developed by the authors last year, performs a Limit Surface search in the aleatory space only. This report documents how this approach has been extended in order to consider the epistemic space interacting with the Hybrid Dynamic Event Tree methodology.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1982

Documentation for the machine-readable version of a deep objective-prism survey for large Magellanic cloud members

This catalog contains 1273 proven or probable Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) members, as found on deep objective-prism plates taken with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The stars are generally brighter than about photographic magnitude 14. Approximate spectral types were determined by examination of the 580 A/mm objective-prism spectra; approximate 1975 positions were obtained by measuring relative to the 1975 coordinate grids on the Uppsala-Mount Stromlo Atlas of the LMC (Gascoigne and Westerlund 1961), and approximate photographic magnitudes were determined by averaging image density measures from the plates and image-diameter measures on the 'B' charts. The machine-readable version of the LMC survey catalog is described to enable users to read and process the tape file without problems or guesswork.

Warren, W. H., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS2010

NASA Docking System (NDS) Users Guide: International Space Station Program. Type 4

The NASA Docking System (NDS) Users Guide provides an overview of the basic information needed to integrate the NDS onto a Host Vehicle (HV). This Users Guide is intended to provide a vehicle developer with a fundamental understanding of the NDS technical and operations information to support their program and engineering integration planning. The Users Guide identifies the NDS Specification, Interface Definition or Requirement Documents that contain the complete technical details and requirements that a vehicle developer must use to design, develop and verify their systems will interface with NDS. This Guide is an initial reference and must not be used as a design document. In the event of conflict between this Users Guide and other applicable interface definition or requirements documents; the applicable document will take precedence. This Users Guide is organized in three main sections. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the NDS and CDA hardware and the operations concepts for the NDS. Chapter 2 provides information for Host Vehicle Program integration with the NDS Project Office. Chapter 2 describes the NDS Project organization, integration and verification processes, user responsibilities, and specification and interface requirement documents. Chapter 3 provides a summary of basic technical information for the NDS design. Chapter 3 includes NDS hardware component descriptions, physical size and weight characteristics, and summary of the capabilities and constraints for the various NDS sub-systems.

Tabakman, Alexander↗

NASA NTRS2000

Test Cases for Flutter of the Benchmark Models Rectangular Wings on the Pitch and Plunge Apparatus

The supercritical airfoil was chosen as a relatively modem airfoil for comparison. The BOO12 model was tested first. Three different types of flutter instability boundaries were encountered, a classical flutter boundary, a transonic stall flutter boundary at angle of attack, and a plunge instability near M = 0.9 and for zero angle of attack. This test was made in air and was Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) Test 468. The BSCW model (for Benchmark SuperCritical Wing) was tested next as TDT Test 470. It was tested using both with air and a heavy gas, R-12, as a test medium. The effect of a transition strip on flutter was evaluated in air. The B64AOlO model was subsequently tested as TDT Test 493. Some further analysis of the experimental data for the BOO12 wing is presented. Transonic calculations using the parameters for the BOO12 wing in a two-dimensional typical section flutter analysis are given. These data are supplemented with data from the Benchmark Active Controls Technology model (BACT) given and in the next chapter of this document. The BACT model was of the same planform and airfoil as the BOO12 model, but with spoilers and a trailing edge control. It was tested in the heavy gas R-12, and was instrumented mostly at the 60 per cent span. The flutter data obtained on PAPA and the static aerodynamic test cases from BACT serve as additional data for the BOO12 model. All three types of flutter are included in the BACT Test Cases. In this report several test cases are selected to illustrate trends for a variety of different conditions with emphasis on transonic flutter. Cases are selected for classical and stall flutter for the BSCW model, for classical and plunge for the B64AOlO model, and for classical flutter for the BOO12 model. Test Cases are also presented for BSCW for static angles of attack. Only the mean pressures and the real and imaginary parts of the first harmonic of the pressures are included in the data for the test cases, but digitized time histories have been archived. The data for the test cases are available as separate electronic files. An overview of the model and tests is given, the standard formulary for these data is listed, and some sample results are presented.

Robert M Bennett↗

DOE OSTI2018

Advanced Nuclear Technology: Integrated Pressurized Water Reactor (iPWR) Containment Aerosol Deposition Behavior

Under assumed severe accident conditions, a nuclear reactor’s containment vessel provides a defense-in-depth function by preventing radionuclide particle release. This is achieved by creating a physical barrier and by decontamination (removal of aerosolized particles produced during the accident). Decontamination occurs through active mechanical systems (where applicable) and passive natural occurring phenomena. Due to their comparatively higher containment surface area to volume ratios when compared to large light water reactors (LWRs), the integrated pressurized water reactor (iPWR) subcategory of small modular reactors (SMRs) has design features that increase the significance of the passive decontamination factors, due to the following natural occurring phenomena: gravitational settling, thermophoresis, diffusiophoresis, and impaction due to convective flows. The purpose of this study is to provide estimates for the decontamination associated with these phenomena. Specifically, these results provide decontamination factors associated with the thermal-hydraulic and geometric parameters that characterize iPWRs, based on the experimental work documented in this report.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2023

2022 Report - SRNL Aging and Lifetimes program tritium aging studies on structural alloys

This report documents work performed in fiscal year 2022 at SRNL in support of the Aging and Lifetimes program. This work is an enduring collaboration between SRNL and SNL to study tritium embrittlement of structural metals used in Gas Transfer System reservoirs. The measured data inform component lifetime assessments and predictions. Test coupons are thermally pre-charged with tritium and allowed to age at cryogenic temperatures to freeze out tritium diffusion and minimize off-gassing while allowing for decay helium levels to build. Coupons are removed and tested at planned intervals to measure how mechanical properties degrade as helium levels increase. This report summarizes test results from coupons which are in various stages of aging as they were tritium pre-charged in previous years, as well as documenting one new charging run.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2015

PWR commercial reactor criticals as validation for spent fuel transport cask burnup credit - 14489

The burnup credit approach for a spent fuel transportation cask (SFTC) with a high density basket for 32 PWR fuel assemblies required credit not only for actinides but also for fission products, otherwise the required minimum burnups of fuel assemblies would have been too high to be practical. At the time of the development of the burnup credit methodology for this condition, no established approach existed to quantitatively validate credit for fission products. A validation approach was therefore developed specifically for this application, based on Commercial Reactor Criticals (CRCs). In this approach, hot critical state points of PWR plants were evaluated using the same codes that were used for the burnup credit evaluations for the transportation cask, namely CASMO-4 and MCNP4. A total of 36 of those state-points were analyzed, from 5 plants with two different assembly types. For each axial section of each fuel assembly, a separate CASMO-4 depletion analysis was performed, which required a total of about 4000 individual CASMO runs. The spent fuel compositions were then extracted from the CASMO runs and transferred to MCNP, where each core was modeled, considering the existing 1/8 symmetry. The core operating conditions were taken from work previously performed and documented for the Yucca Mountain project. The results of the MCNP calculations were then analyzed to establish bias and bias uncertainty values. Additional studies were performed to compare the in-core condition for the fuel with the condition that exists for the fuel in the spent fuel transport cask. The paper presents and discusses the results of the calculations, and the analysis of those results to establish bias and bias uncertainty values. The paper also presents results of the studies comparing in-core with transport cask conditions, and discusses the resulting limitations of this approach. (author)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2013

Interactive visual comparison of multimedia data through type-specific views

Analysts who work with collections of multimedia to perform information foraging understand how difficult it is to connect information across diverse sets of mixed media. The wealth of information from blogs, social media, and news sites often can provide actionable intelligence; however, many of the tools used on these sources of content are not capable of multimedia analysis because they only analyze a single media type. As such, analysts are taxed to keep a mental model of the relationships among each of the media types when generating the broader content picture. To address this need, we have developed Canopy, a novel visual analytic tool for analyzing multimedia. Canopy provides insight into the multimedia data relationships by exploiting the linkages found in text, images, and video co-occurring in the same document and across the collection. Canopy connects derived and explicit linkages and relationships through multiple connected visualizations to aid analysts in quickly summarizing, searching, and browsing collected information to explore relationships and align content. In this paper, we will discuss the features and capabilities of the Canopy system and walk through a scenario illustrating how this system might be used in an operational environment. Keywords: Multimedia (Image/Video/Music) Visualization.

Burtner, Edwin R.↗

DOE OSTI2013

Pulse shape discrimination for Gerda Phase I data

The GERDA experiment located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN searches for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay of 76 Ge using germanium diodes as source and detector. In Phase I of the experiment eight semi-coaxial and five BEGe type detectors have been deployed. The latter type is used in this field of research for the first time. All detectors are made from material with enriched 76 Ge fraction. The experimental sensitivity can be improved by analyzing the pulse shape of the detector signals with the aim to reject background events. This paper documents the algorithms developed before the data of Phase I were unblinded. The double escape peak (DEP) and Compton edge events of 2.615 MeV γ rays from 208Tl decays as well as two-neutrino double beta (2νββ) decays of 76 Ge are used as proxies for 0νββ decay. For BEGe detectors the chosen selection is based on a single pulse shape parameter. It accepts 0.92 ± 0.02 of signal-like events while about 80 % of the background events at Qββ = 2039 keV are rejected. For semi-coaxial detectors three analyses are developed. The one based on an artificial neural network is used for the search of 0νββ decay. It retains 90 % of DEP events and rejects about half of the events around Qββ . The 2νββ events have an efficiency of 0.85±0.02 and the one for 0νββ decays is estimated to be 0.90 +0.05 -0.09 . A second analysis uses a likelihood approach trained on Compton edge events. The third approach uses two pulse shape parameters. The latter two methods confirm the classification of the neural network since about 90 % of the data events rejected by the neural network are also removed by both of them. In general, the selection efficiency extracted from DEP events agrees well with those determined from Compton edge events or from 2νββ decays.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗