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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,189 records · Page 66

Application of Next-Generation Sequencing to Engineering mRNA Turnover in Cyanobacteria

This early career project began on July 15th, 2013, and concluded on July 14th, 2018. The project was staffed by three post-doctoral fellows and two graduate students. Three rotation students, one undergraduate, one high school student, and two summer REU have also worked on the project. The chief objective of the project was to develop a deeper understanding of how messenger RNA molecules are recycled in two bacterial species 1.) Escherichia coli and 2.) cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 by applying next generation nucleic acid sequencing technologies. We succeeded in developing tools and approaches for performing these experiments and developed a better understanding of RNA turnover in each organism. We now have a better understanding of RNA molecules cut by RNase III, a common class of endonuclease, in both organisms and a global map of RNA turnover in cyanobacteria – the first of its kind for this class of microbe. To disseminate our findings, we published six primary research manuscripts as of the deposition of this report and expect to publish two others in 2019. We have deposited two sets of RNA sequencing data into a public database in support of our manuscripts. We have also published three reviews and commentaries of related topics. Dr. Gina Gordon, a funded graduate student defended her thesis in 2018 based on work performed in the course of the project. Dr. Travis Korosh defended his thesis in 2018 based in part on work performed in the course of the project. Dr. Jeffrey Cameron, now an Assistant Professor at CU-Boulder, Dr. Andrew Markley, and Dr. Michael Engstrom also worked on the project as post-doctoral researchers. In summary, the project has discovered new molecular biology information, trained five full-time researchers, deposited novel datasets in a public repository, and published research articles and presentations to disseminate our findings.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Creep and Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Mechanisms in Alloy709 — NEUPRC-3.2 (Final Report)

This report is a summary of the work carried out by an interdisciplinary team from USA (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University) and UK (School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham) to study creep and creep-fatigue crack growth mechanisms of alloy 709 under plane stress and more constrained ‘plane strain’ conditions. While the US team was funded through the DOE-NEUP program, NEUP RC 3.2, 15-8432 the UK team was funded through Research Council UK Energy Program (RCUKEP) award number EP/N016351/1. The UK team’s program ends in September 2019, while the US program ends in December 2018. As such some of the activities of the program will continue till late 2019. The USA team utilized a novel technique including in-situ heating - loading and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging to study the “real-time” crack growth of alloy 709 under plane stress conditions, while the UK team focused on ex-situ fatigue, creep and creep fatigue on larger samples under constrained conditions. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) characterization of samples before, during and after creep and creep-fatigue testing was used to address local deformation behavior, dislocation analysis and damage evaluation. Attention was directed towards establishing micro-mechanisms of fatigue crack growth, crack growth under dwell fatigue loading, creep and creep-fatigue crack growth at temperatures ranging from 500 to 750°C in air and in vacuum.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Subatomic Particles, Radiation Effects [Slides]

This set of slides, intended for a presentation at a summer school, discusses the radiation effects of subatomic particles. It discusses single-event effects including types, indirect ionization, a cross-section, the range, angular effects, and concludes by providing Poisson examples.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

JESD89 Test Standard [Slides]

This report contains a set of slides discussing JESD89A, specifically the revision of JESD89 from August 2001, intended for a presentation at a summer school at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). It discusses how tests are designed and the different types of tests implemented, including real time testing, alpha testing, fast neutron testing, and thermal neutron testing.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Basic Mechanisms: Displacement Damage [Slides]

This report contains a set of slides intended for the 2019 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) radiation effects summer school. On the topic of the basic mechanisms of displacement damage, this presentation discusses the consequences, physical mechanisms, electrical degradation, modeling displacement damage, and current research.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Test Standards: Displacement Damage [Slides]

This report contains a set of slides intended for the 2019 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) radiation effects summer school. On the topic of testing standards for displacement damage, this presentation discusses the purpose of tests, the test instruments used, pre-exposure and exposure procedures, and documentation requests and reports.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Radiation Effects on Electronics: How to Destroy a Satellite in Three Easy Steps [Slides]

This report contains a set of slides intended for a summer school at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). On the topic of radiation effect on electronics, this presentation provides a brief overview of transistors and discusses Total Ionizing Dose (TID), Displacement Damage (DD) or Total Non-ionizing Dose (TNID), and Single-Event Effects (SEEs) in relation to radiation effects for satellites.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Brief 81 Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2017-2018 Data

The 2018 survey includes degrees granted for the academic years September 2016 – August 2017 and September 2017 – August 2018 and enrollments for fall 2018. Twenty-three health physics academic programs were surveyed with all 23 responding. Enrollments and degrees data were provided by 20 programs for 2017 and 19 for 2018. Four schools indicated their programs either had already or were in the process of phasing out—University of Missouri, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Texas A&M, and Vanderbilt. The enrollments and degrees data include students majoring in health physics or in an option program equivalent to a major. Enrollment information refers to fall term 2018. Some nuclear engineering programs have indicated that health physics option enrollments and degrees are also reported in the nuclear engineering survey.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

PRIMA-X - Performance Retargeting of Instrumentation, Measurement, and Analysis Technologies for Exascale Computing

The PRIMA-X (Performance Retargeting of Instrumentation, Measurement, and Analysis Technologies for Exascale Computing) project is the successor of the DOE PRIMA (Performance Refactoring of Instrumentation, Measurement, and Analysis Technologies for Petascale Computing) project, which addressed the challenge of creating a core measurement infrastructure that would serve as a common platform for both integrating leading parallel performance systems (notably TAU and Scalasca) and developing next-generation scalable performance tools. The PRIMA-X project shifts the focus away from refactorization of robust performance tools towards a re-targeting of the parallel performance measurement and analysis architecture for extreme scales. The massive concurrency, asynchronous execution dynamics, hardware heterogeneity, and multi-objective prerequisites (performance, power, resilience) that identify exascale systems introduce fundamental constraints on the ability to carry forward existing performance methodologies. In particular, there must be a deemphasis of per-thread observation techniques to significantly reduce the otherwise unsustainable flood of redundant performance data. Instead, it will be necessary to assimilate multi-level resource observations into macroscopic performance views, from which resilient performance metrics can be attributed to the computational features of the application. This requires a scalable framework for node-level and system-wide monitoring and runtime analyses of dynamic performance information. Also, the interest in optimizing parallelism parameters with respect to performance and energy drives the integration of tool capabilities in the exascale environment further. Initially, PRIMA-X was a collaborative project between the University of Oregon (lead institution) and the German Research School for Simulation Sciences (GRS). Because Prof. Wolf, the PI at GRS, accepted a position as full professor at Technische Universitaet Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt) starting February 1st, 2015, the work of GRS was continued at TU Darmstadt. This report covers the work at TU Darmstadt after the transition. The first main accomplishment of TU Darmstadt is the development of different techniques to aggregate performance data on the level of threads. TU Darmstadt evaluated different schemes designed at GRS during the first phase of this project and integrated them into Score-P, a widely used performance measurement framework for HPC applications. The second main accomplishment is a substantial increase of Score-P’s scalability, achieved by improving its internal representation of the underlying system. Third, we extended our performance-modeling tool Extra-P to automatically create models with more than one input parameter (e.g., process count and input size), which was previously impossible. These models allow the performance behavior of an application to be extrapolated to larger machines. Specific applications of the new multi-parameter capability realized in this project include modeling the isoefficiency function of task-based applications and a novel co-design methodology. Further extensions of Extra-P comprise online modeling functionality, automatic refinement of the model search space, and segmented performance modeling. Further contributions include new locality metrics for both shared- and distributed-memory applications, a new way of measuring the impact of inter-application inference on the execution time of an application, and finally an automatic method that selects appropriate OpenMP constructs for the parallelization of sequential code and classifies the affected variables based on their sharing semantics.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Air Monitoring Stations Preliminary Real Estate Plan

LANL is required to utilize an air monitoring system at the LANL boundaries to ensure the safety of the public. This system constitutes the LANL Airnet Program compliance network and is a collection of air monitoring stations positioned in specific locations per Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory requirements. A number of these Airnet stations reside on property outside the LANL boundaries. For example, existing stations exist on Los Alamos County (County) property, Los Alamos Public School (LAPS) property, a local business and on private property. This Preliminary Real Estate Plan is required for the renewal of existing agreements to the County, the LAPS a local business and to a private property land owner for access to and operation of Airnet stations and associated infrastructure located on their property.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Accelerator Test Preparation [Slides]

Lessons learned at radiation effects summer school, one of the main ones being, Whoever prepared the setup should perform the experiment. Or be available during the experiment.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

2019 Geothermal Design Challenge™ Overview

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), in partnership with the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), invited high school and university (undergraduate and graduate) teams to explore the future of geothermal energy and visualize the world of geothermal energy by participating in the 2019 Geothermal Design Challenge™. Teams of 2 or 3 members researched data, interpreted information and created a data visualization portfolio that told a compelling story about geothermal energy by answering the challenge question, “Where do you target your next production well to maximize geothermal reservoir performance?” The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of how the 2019 Geothermal Design Challenge™ was organized and conducted.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

2019 Geothermal Design Challenge TM Overview

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), in partnership with the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), invited high school and university (undergraduate and graduate) teams to explore the future of geothermal energy and visualize the world of geothermal energy by participating in the 2019 Geothermal Design Challenge™. Teams of 2 or 3 members researched data, interpreted information and created a data visualization portfolio that told a compelling story about geothermal energy by answering the challenge question, “Where do you target your next production well to maximize geothermal reservoir performance?” The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of how the 2019 Geothermal Design Challenge™ was organized and conducted.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

Thermal/Epithermal Experiments with Jemima Plates [Slides]

This set of slides contains the end of summer Robert G. Keepin Nuclear Nonproliferation summer school lightning presentations of Roberto Rico, Rene Sanchez. This research focused on 15 configurations that used highly enriched uranium to conduct new critical experiments. These experiments focused on the intermediate energy (0.625 eV -100 keV) range and that could easily be modified using various high priority materials. These experiments are referred to as (TEX) and were conducted using Comet a vertical lift machine used to separate a critical assembly into halves. The upper half is stationary and lower is raised until contact. 15 different configurations were run and achieved similar or close results to Livermore calculations and enabled comparisons of Keff of both results. Future work includes de-stacking each configuration to see results of minimizing mass on Keff.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗