Potential Applications of Quantum Computers at Los Alamos National Laboratory
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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
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Exploring Photoproduced $\eta^{(}{'^{)}} \pi^{0}$ Systems in the Search for Exotic Hadrons at GlueX
Physicists have long been captivated by the spectrum of hadrons, aiming to better comprehend the fundamental building blocks of matter. While various experiments have laid the foundation for this spectrum, Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics has revealed new states with forbidden JPC values. This has challenged the constituent quark model, suggesting spin-exotic hybrid mesons that could reshape our understanding of hadronic structure and quark-gluon interactions through gluonic excitations. The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has played a pivotal role in this pursuit, with its efforts centered on analyzing photoproduction data. In order to investigate the lightest predicted exotic state with JPC=1−+ , known as the π1(1600) meson, significant attention has been directed towards both ηπ0 and η′π0 systems. Detailed ongoing amplitude analysis studies of γp→η(′)π0p , leveraging the polarization of the photon beam at the GlueX experiment will be highlighted. Furthermore, first studies on the moments of angular distributions for these channels will also be shown, along with the differential cross section results for the a2(1320) meson. These results aid in identifying the dominant production mechanisms and offer valuable insights into complex hadronic interactions. Ultimately, this contributes to the ongoing search for and future identification of exotic hybrid meson candidates.
Baldwin, Zachary↗
Determining quantum phase diagrams of topological Kitaev-inspired models on NISQ quantum hardware
Topological protection is employed in fault-tolerant error correction and in developing quantum algorithms with topological qubits. But, topological protection intrinsic to models being simulated , also robustly protects calculations, even on NISQ hardware. We leverage it by simulating Kitaev-inspired models on IBM quantum computers and accurately determining their phase diagrams. This requires constructing conventional quantum circuits for Majorana braiding to prepare the ground states of Kitaev-inspired models. The entanglement entropy is then measured to calculate the quantum phase boundaries. We show how maintaining particle-hole symmetry when sampling through the Brillouin zone is critical to obtaining high accuracy. This work illustrates how topological protection intrinsic to a quantum model can be employed to perform robust calculations on NISQ hardware, when one measures the appropriate protected quantum properties. It opens the door for further simulation of topological quantum models on quantum hardware available today.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Robust measurement of wave function topology on NISQ quantum computers
Topological quantum phases of quantum materials are defined through their topological invariants. These topological invariants are quantities that characterize the global geometrical properties of the quantum wave functions and thus are immune to local noise. Here, we present a strategy to measure topological invariants on quantum computers. We show that our strategy can be easily integrated with the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) so that the topological properties of generic quantum many-body states can be characterized on current quantum hardware. We demonstrate the robust nature of the method by measuring topological invariants for both non-interacting and interacting models, and map out interacting quantum phase diagrams on quantum simulators and IBM quantum hardware.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at Hall A, Jefferson Lab
The Standard Model of particle physics de?nes quarks and leptons as the basic building blocks of all matter. The interaction between them are mediated by force carrying gauge bosons. Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), the theory that explains the strong interaction is still not complete enough to derive the physical observables of a Quark-Gluon system from the fundamental degrees of freedom of its constituents. Experimentally observable single particle densities provide important insights into our understanding of the quark-gluon system and hence help fill in the gaps of QCD. Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) provide simultaneous information of both spacial and longitudinal momentum distributions of constituents of a quark-gluon system. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) is understood to be the simplest and cleanest process to access GPDs. Even though the exclusive DVCS is simple to understand, the experimental process however, is complex with the Bethe-Heitler and e + p ? e + ? + N? being in the mix of the electron proton scattering e+p ? e+?+X. Over the years, 3 generations of DVCS experiments have been conducted in the Experimental Hall-A of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). This thesis presents the extraction of DVCS cross section in 9 total kinematic points from the 3rd generation experiment (DVCS3) conducted after the 12 GeV upgrade of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) of JLab during Fall 2014 - Fall 2016.
Hashir Rashad, Mohamed Nuhman↗
Exact Factorization Adventures: A Promising Approach for Non-Bound States
Modeling the dynamics of non-bound states in molecules requires an accurate description of how electronic motion affects nuclear motion and vice-versa. The exact factorization (XF) approach offers a unique perspective, in that it provides potentials that act on the nuclear subsystem or electronic subsystem, which contain the effects of the coupling to the other subsystem in an exact way. We briefly review the various applications of the XF idea in different realms, and how features of these potentials aid in the interpretation of two different laser-driven dissociation mechanisms. We present a detailed study of the different ways the coupling terms in recently-developed XF-based mixed quantum-classical approximations are evaluated, where either truly coupled trajectories, or auxiliary trajectories that mimic the coupling are used, and discuss their effect in both a surface-hopping framework as well as the rigorously-derived coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical approach.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Data for "Integrated ab initio modelling of atomic order and magnetic anisotropy for rare-earth-free magnet design: effects of alloying additions in L1 0 FeNi."
We describe an integrated modelling approach to accelerate the search for novel, single-phase, multicomponent materials with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA). For a given system we predict the nature of atomic ordering, its dependence on the magnetic state, and then proceed to describe the consequent MCA, magnetisation, and magnetic critical temperature (Curie temperature). Crucially, within our modelling framework, the same ab initio description of a material’s electronic structure determines all aspects. We demonstrate this holistic method by studying the effects of alloying additions in FeNi, examining systems with the general stoichiometries Fe 4 Ni 3 X and Fe 3 Ni 4 X, for additives including X = Pt, Pd, Al, and Co. The atomic ordering behaviour predicted on adding these elements, fundamental for determining a material’s MCA, is rich and varied. Equiatomic FeNi has been reported to require ferromagnetic order to establish the tetragonal L1 0 order suited for significant MCA. Our results show that when alloying additions are included in this material, annealing in an applied magnetic field and/or below a material’s Curie temperature may also promote tetragonal order, along with an appreciable effect on the predicted hard magnetic properties.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Quantum information processing with majorana bound states in superconducting circuits
In a weak link of two s-wave superconductors (SCs) coupled via a time-reversal-invariant (TRI) topological superconducting (TSC) island, a Josephson current can flow due to Cooper pairs tunneling in and out of spatially separated Majorana Kramers pairs (MKPs), which are doublets of Majorana bound states (MBSs). The sign of the resulting Josephson current is fixed by the joint parity of the four Majorana bound states that make up the MKPs on the TSC island. This parity-controlled Josephson effect can be used as a read-out mechanism for the joint parity in Majorana-based quantum computing. For a TSC island with four terminals, the SC leads can address a Majorana superconducting qubit (MSQ) formed by the charge ground states of the TSC island's terminals. Cooper pair splitting enables single-qubit operations, qubit read-out, as well as two-qubit entangling gates. Hence, TSC islands between SC leads may provide an alternative approach to superconducting quantum computation.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Ultrathin film lasing
Technologies are described for methods to fabricate lasers to amplify light. The methods may comprise depositing nanoparticles on a substrate. The length, width, and height of the nanoparticles may be less than 100 nm. The methods may further comprise distributing the nanoparticles on the substrate to produce a film. The nanoparticles in the film may be coupled nanoparticles. The coupled nanoparticles may be in disordered contact with each other within the film. The distribution may be performed such that constructive interference of the light occurs by multiple scattering at the boundaries of the coupled nanoparticles within the film. The methods may comprise exposing the film to a power source.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Systems and methods for superconducting quantum refrigeration
A heat transfer device and method are disclosed. The device includes a working region (i.e., working substance) made from a first superconducting material having a superconducting state and a normal state when magnetized. The first superconducting material has a first energy gap while in the superconducting state. A substrate (i.e., cold reservoir) is connected to the working region at a first tunnel junction. The substrate may be a metallic substrate. A heat sink (i.e., hot reservoir) is connected to the working region at a second tunnel junction. The heat sink is made from a second superconducting material having a second energy gap that is larger than the first energy gap. In a particular example, the heat transfer device includes a metallic substrate is made from Copper, a working region made from Tantalum, a heat sink made from Niobium, and the first and second tunnel junctions are made from Tantalum Oxide.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Process development for commercial manufacturing of micromachined millimeter wave components.
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42 ENGINEERING↗
Development of fabrication process for controlling phonon transport to improve qubit performance
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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Ab initio polaritonic potential-energy surfaces for excited-state nanophotonics and polaritonic chemistry
Advances in nanophotonics, quantum optics, and low-dimensional materials have enabled precise control of light–matter interactions down to the nanoscale. Combining concepts from each of these fields, there is now an opportunity to create and manipulate photonic matter via strong coupling of molecules to the electromagnetic field. Toward this goal, here we demonstrate a first principles framework to calculate polaritonic excited-state potential-energy surfaces, transition dipole moments, and transition densities for strongly coupled light–matter systems. In particular, we demonstrate the applicability of our methodology by calculating the polaritonic excited-state manifold of a formaldehyde molecule strongly coupled to an optical cavity. This proof-of-concept calculation shows how strong coupling can be exploited to alter photochemical reaction pathways by influencing avoided crossings with tuning of the cavity frequency and coupling strength. Therefore, by introducing an ab initio method to calculate excited-state potential-energy surfaces, our work opens a new avenue for the field of polaritonic chemistry.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Effect of focused nanosecond laser pulse irradiation on microtribological properties of diamond-like films
We have examined the effect of focused nanosecond laser pulses on the formation and tribological properties of microstructures in the form of a matrix of craters produced in a – C : H : Si : O diamond-like films (DLFs), both undoped and doped with tungsten. The studies are performed by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) using SPM probes of standard design with a tip and probes without a tip (tipless-type probes). A special procedure is developed for assessing the wettability (contact angle) of individual sections of the laser-induced microstructure by the local adhesion force. According to estimates, the material inside the crater becomes softer and more hydrophobic as a result of laser irradiation. This is manifested to the greatest extent in tungsten-doped DLFs, where the crater walls are arranged like terraces formed by ‘nanoflakes’, i.e. grains of the substance. Scanning of microstructures with a tipless probe in the regime of lateral force microscopy demonstrates a decrease in friction in the crater area. (interaction of laser radiation with matter. laser plasma)
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Two-channel multi-impurity Kondo model: RKKY-induced criticality
We show that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasua-Yoisida interaction between overscreened spins in two-channel Kondo impurity systems is a relevant perturbation when the number of impurities N is greater than 3 driving the system to a new quantum critical point with anomalous dimensions $\frac{1}{(𝑁+1)}$ for the spin operator and the Sommerfeld coefficient of the specific heat scales as 𝛾 ∼ 𝑇 −$\frac{3}{𝑁+1}$ . The critical point universal properties are relevant to many strong correlation problems, such as impurity placed in a Majorana metal and the multichannel Kondo lattice model of heavy fermion materials. In conclusion, we discuss relevance of our results for cluster DMFT studies of quantum criticality.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Many-Body Theory of Energy Transport and Conversion at the Nanoscale
This project addressed the fundamental challenge of understanding interacting quantum systems far from equilibrium, while simultaneously exploring the potential of nanostructured materials for applications in energy-conversion technologies.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Strong Correlation Between Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in an Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor
The interplay among topology, superconductivity, and magnetism promises to bring a plethora of exotic and unintuitive behaviors in emergent quantum materials. The family of Fe-chalcogenide superconductors FeTe x Se 1–x are directly relevant in this context due to their intrinsic topological band structure, high-temperature superconductivity, and unconventional pairing symmetry. Despite enormous promise and expectation, the local magnetic properties of FeTe x Se 1–x remain largely unexplored, which prevents a comprehensive understanding of their underlying material properties. Exploiting nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, here we report nanoscale quantum sensing and imaging of magnetic flux generated by exfoliated FeTe x Se 1–x flakes, demonstrating strong correlation between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in FeTe x Se 1–x . The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in an established topological superconductor opens up new opportunities for exploring exotic spin and charge transport phenomena in quantum materials. The demonstrated coupling between NV centers and FeTe x Se 1–x may also find applications in developing hybrid architectures for next-generation, solid-state-based quantum information technologies.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Demonstration of the HeRALD superfluid helium detector concept
The SPICE/HeRALD collaboration is performing research and development to enable studies of sub-GeV dark matter models using a variety of target materials. Here we report our recent progress on instrumenting a superfluid 4 He target mass with a transition-edge sensor based calorimeter to detect both atomic signals (scintillation) and 4 He quasiparticle (phonon and roton) excitations. The sensitivity of HeRALD to the critical “quantum evaporation” signal from 4 He quasiparticles requires us to block the superfluid film flow to the calorimeter. We have developed a heat-free film-blocking method employing an unoxidized Cs film, which we implemented in a prototype “HeRALD v0.1” detector of ~10 g target mass. This article reports initial studies of the atomic and quasiparticle signal channels. Here, a key result of this work is the measurement of the quantum evaporation channel’s gain of 0.15±0.01, which will enable 4 He-based dark matter experiments in the near term. With this gain the HeRALD detector reported here has an energy threshold of 145 eV at 5σ, which would be sensitive to dark matter masses down to 220 MeV/c 2 .
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗