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At least 1,189 records · Page 66

Polymer Nanofiber Based Reversible Nano-Switch/Sensor Diode (Nanosssd) Device

A nanostructure device is provided and performs dual functions as a nano-switching/sensing device. The nanostructure device includes a doped semiconducting substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the doped semiconducting substrate, an electrode formed on the insulating layer, and at least one polymer nanofiber deposited on the electrode. The at least one polymer nanofiber provides an electrical connection between the electrode and the substrate and is the electroactive element in the device.

Miranda, Felix A.↗

Closed Loop Control Compact Exercise Device for Use on MPCV

Long duration space travel to Mars or to an asteroid will expose astronauts to extended periods of reduced gravity. To combat spaceflight physiological deconditioning, astronauts will use resistive and aerobic exercise regimens for the duration of the space flight to minimize the loss of bone density, muscle mass and aerobic capacity that occurs during exposure to a reduced gravity environment. Unlike the International Space Station (ISS), the mass and volume available for an exercise device in the next generation of spacecraft is limited. Therefore, compact exercise device prototypes are being developed for human in the loop evaluations. The NASA Human Research Program (HRP) is managing Advanced Exercise Concepts (AEC) requirements development and candidate technology maturation for all exploration mission profiles from Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) exploration missions (e.g., EM-2, up to 21 day) to Mars Transit (up to 1000 day) missions. Numerous technologies have been considered and evaluated against HRP-approved functional requirements and include flywheel, pneumatic and closed-loop microprocessor-controlled motor driven power plants. Motor driven technologies offer excellent torque density and load accuracy characteristics as well as the ability to create custom mechanical impedance (the dynamic relationship between force and velocity) and custom load versus position exercise algorithms. Further, closed-loop motor-driven technologies offer the ability to monitor exercise dose parameters and adapt to the needs of the crewmember for real time optimization of exercise prescriptions. A simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is demonstrated in a prototype motor driven exercise device with comparison to resistive static and dynamic load set points and aerobic work rate targets. The resistive load term in the algorithm includes a constant force component (Fcmg) as well as inertial component (Fima) and a discussion of system tuning is presented in terms of addressing key functional requirements and human interfaces. The device aerobic modality is modelled as a rowing exercise using ground data sets obtained from Concept 2 rowers as well as competitive rowing1. A discussion of software and electronic implementations are presented which demonstrate unique approaches to meeting the constrained mass, volume and power requirements of the MPCV. . In addition to utilizing traditional PID control, controllers utilizing state feedback with gains solved using a Linear Quadratic Regulator will be developed. Controllability and observability will be utilized to investigate the need for state measurement in the design. As the control system directly interacts with human test subjects, robust methods such as H-infinity are also being investigated.1. Kleshnev V. Biomechanics. In: Rowing, Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science. ed. by Secher N., Voliantis S. IOC Medical Commission, Blackwell Pub. pp. 22-34, 2007

microgravity↗

Polymer Nanofiber Based Reversible Nano-Switch/Sensor Schottky Diode (Nanosssd) Device

A nanostructure device is provided and performs dual functions as a nano-switching/sensing device. The nanostructure device includes a doped semiconducting substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the doped semiconducting substrate, an electrode formed on the insulating layer, and at least one polymer nanofiber deposited on the electrode. The at least one polymer nanofiber provides an electrical connection between the electrode and the substrate and is the electroactive element in the device.

Miranda, Felix A.↗

Additive Manufacturing of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Devices: A Summary of Process Developments and Hot-Fire Testing Results

Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals is a processing technology that has significantly matured over the last decade. For liquid propellant rocket engines, the advantages of AM for replacing conventional manufacturing of complicated and expensive metallic components and assemblies are very attractive. AM can significantly reduce hardware cost, shorten fabrication schedules, increase reliability by reducing the number of joints, and improve hardware performance by allowing fabrication of designs not feasible by conventional means. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has been involved with various forms of metallic additive manufacturing for use in liquid rocket engine component design, development, and testing since 2010. The AM technique most often used at the NASA MSFC has been powder-bed fusion or selective laser melting (SLM), although other techniques including laser directed energy deposition (DED), arc-based deposition, and laser-wire cladding techniques have also been used to develop several components. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various internal programs at the NASA MSFC using AM to develop combustion devices hardware. To date at the NASA MSFC, combustion devices component hardware ranging in size from 100 lbf to 35,000 lbf have been designed and manufactured using SLM and deposition-based AM processes, and many of these pieces have been hot-fire tested. Combustion devices component hardware have included thrust chamber injectors, injector components such as faceplates, regeneratively-cooled combustion chambers, regeneratively-cooled nozzles, gas generator and preburner hardware, and augmented spark igniters. Ongoing and future developments for combustion devices have also included design of components sized for boost-class engines. Several design and hot-fire test iterations have been completed on these subscale and larger scale components, and a summary of these results will be presented as well.

Gradl, Paul↗

Guideline for Single-Event Effect (SEE) Testing of System on a Chip (SOC) Devices

The use of complex single and multicore processors with significant cache memory, on-chip peripherals, memory controllers, and high speed input/output (IO) that integrate many of the parts of a traditional computer system is becoming more common in space applications. Such devices are often referred to as system on a chip devices (SOCs), even though the term is used somewhat inaccurately due to the lack of analog and mixed signal subcircuits. These devices are complex combinations of single- or multi-core processors with memory controllers, high-speed input/output (IO), and other peripheral structures that formerly would have been handled by off-chip resources. In the past the processors were tested for single event effects (SEE) separately, and the peripherals were often put into custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) along with other resources required by the user. Performance and cost pressures have pushed commercial devices to incorporate many of the functional blocks into a single chip, an SOC. The NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) has been examining ways to perform SEE radiation hardness assurance (RHA) testing of these processor-centric SOCs to achieve reasonable understanding of their performance in space missions.

Guertin, Steven M.↗

Estimates of SEU rates from heavy ions in devices exhibiting dual-node susceptibility

A single-event effect (SEE) occurs when a single ionizing particle passing through an electronic device produces a detectable event in the device. The type of SEE most frequently discussed in the literature is a "single-node upset" problem in which an upset at a given node depends only on conditions seen by that node. In contrast, some devices are designed so that an upset becomes a "dual-node" problem in which a device upset depends on conditions simultaneously seen by two nodes. This report derives a method for estimating heavy-ion induced upset rates for the dual-node problem.

Edmonds, Larry D.↗

Space Radiation Effects on SiC Power Device Reliability

Heavy-ion radiation can result in silicon carbide power device degradation and/or catastrophic failure. Test procedures and data interpretation must consider the impact that heavy-ion induced off-state leakage current increases will have on subsequent single-event effect susceptibility and testability. On orbit, reliable performance in the presence of increased off-state leakage currents due to cumulative ion-induced non-catastrophic single-event effects must be assured over the mission lifetime. This work presents a large body of heavy-ion test data for different diode, power MOSFET, and JFET devices. Susceptibility to single-event effects is compared between SiC and Si power devices. Initial recommendations on heavy-ion radiation test methods for silicon carbide power devices are made and radiation hardness assurance is discussed with the goal of moving one step closer to reliably getting this technology off the ground into a broad array of spacecraft and instruments that will benefit from its unique capabilities.

diode↗

Next-generation wildlife tracking devices and integrated sensors for measuring species-environment interactions and advancing conservation

Global land use and climate change have magnified the importance of collecting accurate animal movement and environmental data to improve our ability to model species interactions with the environment and promote effective conservation. Advanced animal tracking devices that couple cutting-edge technologies with our expanding need for ecological information is critical. In addition to further optimizing device size to monitor small, sensitive species, new paradigms for collecting, storing, and transmitting data about animals and their environments will propel wildlife tracking devices forward. Advanced telemetry capabilities will increase our ability to pair location and sensor data from tagged wildlife with remote sensing data. The USGS Western Ecological Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and collaborators have been developing new wildlife tracking devices and integrated environmental sensors to address these challenges. We describe a new, miniaturized solar GPS-enabled Globalstar satellite transmitter with accelerometer capability that is 20% lighter and 25% less expensive than existing commercially available tags. We also introduce a novel peer-to-peer, solar-powered network tag that uses long-range, low-power, wireless platform technology. Concurrently, we began adapting a carbon nanotube (CNT) sensor to detect dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a trace gas relevant to marine ecology and climate studies. CNT sensors offer a small, lightweight, and low-power technology that can detect changes in resistance across carbon nanotubes coated with adsorbent selected to specifically bind with a variety of reactive trace gasses. We flew a prototype sensor in a small UAS and sampled an apparent increase in DMS concentration consistent with a well-defined marine frontal boundary. Currently we are integrating project components to create a hybridized architecture of networked peer-to-peer and satellite tags with integrated CNT and additional on-board and remote sensors to advance animal tracking and to provide information for next generation wildlife conservation.

Ian G. Brosnan↗

Reflectivity Control Device (RCD) Roll Momentum Management for Solar Cruiser and Beyond

Reflectivity control devices (RCDs), thin film optical devices that are actuated (by application of a voltage across the device) to control the reflection of sunlight on their surfaces, can effectively enable roll momentum management (MM) of a solar sail operating in deep space, outside any magnetic field. This enables solar sails to maintain adequate attitude control in these challenging environments without sacrificing mission life by using expendables. They were planned and developed for use on Solar Cruiser, operating sunward of the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (sub-L1) in a propulsion-intensive artificial halo orbit. Located in pairs of panels near the distal end of each of four booms, each articulated at a slight angle out of the sail plane to produce a force tangent to the sail at a large moment arm, the RCDs provide roll torque capabilities by using simple switching logic to determine which panels should be activated (voltage applied) to produce torque in the desired direction. The performance capabilities and constraints of these devices across a range of operating conditions, namely sun-relative attitude, is well characterized, granting designers insight on how to properly size the system and optimize the system and component designs to maximize roll torque per unit area. With an informed design, RCDs can be very effective actuators for managing roll momentum with minimal detrimental system impacts (mass, power, complexity, etc.) on Solar Cruiser and other future deep space solar sail missions.

Andrew F Heaton↗

Electro-optic device with gap-coupled electrode

An electro-optic device includes an electro-optic crystal having a predetermined thickness, a first face and a second face. The electro-optic device also includes a first electrode substrate disposed opposing the first face. The first electrode substrate includes a first substrate material having a first thickness and a first electrode coating coupled to the first substrate material. The electro-optic device further includes a second electrode substrate disposed opposing the second face. The second electrode substrate includes a second substrate material having a second thickness and a second electrode coating coupled to the second substrate material. The electro-optic device additionally includes a voltage source electrically coupled to the first electrode coating and the second electrode coating.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Devices for collecting chemical compounds

A device for sampling chemical compounds from fixed surfaces and related methods are disclosed. The device may include a vacuum source, a chamber and a sorbent material. The device may utilize vacuum extraction to volatilize the chemical compounds from a fixed surface so that they may be sorbed by the sorbent material. The sorbent material may then be analyzed using conventional thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) instrumentation to determine presence of the chemical compounds. The methods may include detecting release and presence of one or more chemical compounds and determining the efficacy of decontamination. The device may be useful in collection and analysis of a variety of chemical compounds, such as residual chemical warfare agents, chemical attribution signatures and toxic industrial chemicals.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Structured wafer for device processing

A structured wafer that includes through passages is used for device processing. Each of the through passages extends from or along one surface of the structured wafer and forms a pattern on a top surface area of the structured wafer. The top surface of the structured wafer is bonded to a device layer via a release layer. Devices are processed on the device layer, and are released from the structured wafer using etchant. The through passages within the structured wafer allow the etchant to access the release layer to thereby remove the release layer.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Microfluidic device having an immobilized pH gradient and page gels for protein separation and analysis

Disclosed is a novel microfluidic device enabling on-chip implementation of a two-dimensional separation methodology. Previously disclosed microscale immobilized pH gradients (IPG) are combined with perpendicular polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) microchannels to achieve orthogonal separations of biological samples. Device modifications enable inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the second dimension. The device can be fabricated to use either continuous IPG gels, or the microscale isoelectric fractionation membranes we have also previously disclosed, for the first dimension. The invention represents the first all-gel two-dimensional separation microdevice, with significantly higher resolution power over existing devices.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Apparatus for gas sorption measurement with integrated gas composition measurement device and gas mixing

An apparatus for testing of multiple material samples includes a gas delivery control system operatively connectable to the multiple material samples and configured to provide gas to the multiple material samples. Both a gas composition measurement device and pressure measurement devices are included in the apparatus. The apparatus includes multiple selectively openable and closable valves and a series of conduits configured to selectively connect the multiple material samples individually to the gas composition device and the pressure measurement devices by operation of the valves. A mixing system is selectively connectable to the series of conduits and is operable to cause forced mixing of the gas within the series of conduits to achieve a predetermined uniformity of gas composition within the series of conduits and passages.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Crosstalk compensation in analysis of energy storage devices

Estimating impedance of energy storage devices includes generating input signals at various frequencies with a frequency step factor therebetween. An excitation time record (ETR) is generated to include a summation of the input signals and a deviation matrix of coefficients is generated relative to the excitation time record to determine crosstalk between the input signals. An energy storage device is stimulated with the ETR and simultaneously a response time record (RTR) is captured that is indicative of a response of the energy storage device to the ETR. The deviation matrix is applied to the RTR to determine an in-phase component and a quadrature component of an impedance of the energy storage device at each of the different frequencies with the crosstalk between the input signals substantially removed. This approach enables rapid impedance spectra measurements that can be completed within one period of the lowest frequency or less.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

Environmentally-assisted technique for transferring devices onto non-conventional substrates

A device fabrication method includes: (1) providing a growth substrate including a base and an oxide layer disposed over the base; (2) forming a metal layer over the oxide layer; (3) forming a stack of device layers over the metal layer; (4) performing interfacial debonding of the metal layer to separate the stack of device layers and the metal layer from the growth substrate; and (5) affixing the stack of device layers to a target substrate.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Deterrence of device counterfeiting, cloning, and subversion by substitution using hardware fingerprinting

Deterrence of device subversion by substitution may be achieved by including a cryptographic fingerprint unit within a computing device for authenticating a hardware platform of the computing device. The cryptographic fingerprint unit includes a physically unclonable function ("PUF") circuit disposed in or on the hardware platform. The PUF circuit is used to generate a PUF value. A key generator is coupled to generate a private key and a public key based on the PUF value while a decryptor is coupled to receive an authentication challenge posed to the computing device and encrypted with the public key and coupled to output a response to the authentication challenge decrypted with the private key.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Structured wafer for device processing

A structured wafer that includes through passages is used for device processing. Each of the through passages extends from or along one surface of the structured wafer and forms a pattern on a top surface area of the structured wafer. The top surface of the structured wafer is bonded to a device layer via a release layer. Devices are processed on the device layer, and are released from the structured wafer using etchant. The through passages within the structured wafer allow the etchant to access the release layer to thereby remove the release layer.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗