Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC) As Biomimetic Sensors and Actuators-Artificial Muscles
This chapter presents an introduction to ionic-polymer-metal composites and some mathematical modeling pertaining to them.
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This chapter presents an introduction to ionic-polymer-metal composites and some mathematical modeling pertaining to them.
This paper presents an introduction to ionic-polymer-metal composites and some mathematical modeling pertaining to them.
A series of displacement transducers have been demonstrated which are based on the detection of electrons that quantum-mechanically tunnel across a narrow gap between electrodes.
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A variety of piezoelectric applications have been driving the research in development of new high temperature ferroelectrics; ranging from broader markets such as fuel and gas modulation and deep well oil drilling to very specific applications such as thermoacoustic engines and ultrasonic drilling on the surface of Venus. The focus has been mostly on increasing the Curie temperature. However, greater challenges for high temperature ferroelectrics limit the operating temperature to levels much below the Curie temperature. These include enhanced loss tangent and dc conductivity at high fields as well as depoling due to thermally activated domain rotation. The initial work by Eitel et al. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40 [10, Part 1] 59996002 (2001)] increased interest in investigation of Bismuth containing perovskites in solid solution with lead titanate. Issues that arise vary from solubility limits to increased tetragonality; the former one prohibits processing of morphotropic phase boundary, while the latter one impedes thorough poling of the polycrystalline ceramics. This talk will summarize recent advances in development of high temperature piezoelectrics and provide information about challenges encountered as well as the approaches taken to improve the high temperature behavior of ferroelectrics with a focus on applications that employ the converse piezoelectric effect.
NASA is seeking to reduce the mass, size, consumed power, and cost of the instrumentation used in its future missions.
NASA is seeking to reduce the mass, size, consumed power, and cost of the instrumentation use in its future missions.